Potential Issues on Initiatively Utilizing eTextbooks in K-12 - - PDF document

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ChaoHua GONG Supervisor: Prof. Ronghuai HUANG Beijing Normal University gongchaohua@gmail.com

Potential Issues on Initiatively Utilizing eTextbooks in K-12 Classrooms Outline

Motivation Research questions Literature review Research design Findings

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Motivation

What is eTextbook?

a special kind of eBook developed according to curriculum

standards, which meets the students’ reading habits, facilitates

• rganizing learning activities, and presents its contents in

accordance with paper book style.(Guang Chen, Chaohua Gong, Ronghuai Huang,2012) According to a survey concerning the feasibility of eTextbook in K- 12 schools in Beijing (Chaohua Gong, Guang Chen, Ronghuai Huang ,2012)

views on feasible to utilize eTextbooks in classrooms 88% of the 144 teachers 97% of the 516 students 100% of the 25 parents challenges to be faced devices stability, user experience with eTextbooks, visual fatigue

from staring at small screen, learning process management, etc.

great concerns with whether eTextbooks could keep the

classroom as smoothly as before

Research Questions

(1) What technical issues will influence a class

running smoothly?

(2)What factors will influence the user experience

from the teachers’ view and students’ view?

(3) What challenges will be faced when teachers

are preparing eTextbook classes?

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Literature review

technical issues (Steve K.& Gary B. ,2003; Galletta, D.F. ，004; Liang

M.2011 ）

technical failure of the software and hardware devices; the delays in the system because of page loading

speed, network, infrastructure, etc.

eTextbook user experience (Luca C. ,2011; MorvilleP.,2004; Effie

L.L.,2011; Chong, P.F.,2011; Kang, Y.,2009; Silas M.,2012 ）

testing user experience included attitudes, motivations,

technique skills, personal habits, curiosity, satisfaction, etc.

class preparation when using eTextbooks in

classrooms(Jun S.M., 2009; DeJong, M.T.,2003; Amelia K. M., 2010;

Meurant R.C.,2010)

eTextbook content development, learning activity design,

advanced information and communications infrastructure, and the capacity to utilize the digital environment,etc.

Research design

the framework for eTextbooks in classroom

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two elementary schools (Hepingli No.9 Primary

School and Dongsijiutiao Primary School) in Beijing

Teachers

Chinese：5 English： 3 Science：1

Students

Boys of Grade 4：99 Girls of Grade 4 ：104

Research design

Redesigning eTextbooks Developed eTextbooks via iBooks Author

Research design

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Redesigning eTextbooks Developed eTextbooks via iBooks Author

Research design

Scenario of classroom activities

Research design

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iTeach interaction platform

Research design

List of classes with eTextbooks

N O. Date Start from School Subject Topic Teacher Class Student (n) 1

• Jun. 4

8:50am DPS English Work places and jobs

• Ms. Zhou

1 34 2

• Jun. 5

8:50am DPS English Work places and jobs

• Ms. Zhou

2 25 3

• Jun. 5

10:40am DPS Chinese Uygur in Hetian

• Ms. Rong

2 25 4

• Jun. 20

8:00am HPS Chinese A Chinese Myth: “Goddess Patching the Sky”

• Ms. Zhang

1 37 5

• Jun. 20

9:50am HPS Science How Do Plants Spread Seeds?

• Mr. Li

1 37 6

• Jun. 20

9:50am HPS English How many classes do you have today?

• Ms. Guo

1 37 7

• Sep. 25

8:00am HPS Chinese Birds Paradise

• Ms. Liu

4 34 8

• Sep. 25

8:50am HPS Chinese Birds Paradise

• Ms. Zhang

1 37 9

• Sep. 25

9:50am HPS Chinese Birds Paradise

• Ms. Lu

2 38 10

• Sep. 25

10:40am HPS Chinese Birds Paradise

• Ms. Wang

3 35 11

• Oct. 10

8:00am HPS English Days in a week

• Ms. Guo

1 37 12

• Oct. 10

8:50am HPS English Days in a week Ms .Yang 3 35 13

• Oct. 10

9:50am HPS English Days in a week

• Ms. Yang

4 34 14

• Oct. 10

10:40am HPS English Days in a week

• Ms. Guo

2 38

Research design

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Dimension Item Code Data source

Technical issues Failure of devices and software TF Lecture video coding Delay of system response TD Lecture video coding Switching among systems delay TS Lecture video coding User experience from teachers Attitude to innovation UTA Interview Motivation UTM Interview Teaching habits UTC Interview Technique skills UTT Interview Satisfaction UTS Interview User experience from students Attitude to new devices and technology USA Interview Questionnaire Motivation USM Interview Questionnaire Curiosity USC Interview Questionnaire Learning habits USH Interview Questionnaire Technique skills UST Interview Questionnaire Satisfaction USS Interview Questionnaire Class preparation Instructional design CI Interview Material preparation CM Interview Devices equipment CD Interview Software installation CS Interview

Research tools

Research design Findings

On teachers’ iPad On students’ iPad Total times Guo1 1 9 10 Guo2 2 4 6 Guo3 1 5 6 Zhou1 1 7 8 Zhou2 3 3 Zhang1 2 7 9 Zhang2 2 3 5 Yang1 1 5 6 Yang2 1 3 4 Lu 7 7 Wang 2 5 7 Rong 2 6 8 Li 1 4 5 Liu 1 6 7 17 74 91

1.What technical issues will influence a class running smoothly?

1.1 Technical failure for each class(TF)

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Findings

1.What technical issues will influence a class running smoothly?

1.1 Technical failure for each class(TF)

• LAN failure: Students were unable to log into iTeach

client with iPad.

• Software platform failure: Teachers were unable to

see the assignments from teachers’ client, which students submitted from students’ client.

• Abnormal exit of iBooks during teachers’ operation
• No response of widgets embedded in eTextbooks

when students clicking on.

• No response when tapping eTextbooks on iBooks

bookshelf.

• Failure to take notes and highlight the texts.

Findings

1.What technical issues will influence a class running smoothly?

1.2 Delay of system response(TD) , switch among systems delay(TS)

TD TS Total Time(s) Overtime(s) % of (Total) Guo1 61 102 2580 180 6.32% Guo2 22 80 2741 341 3.72% Guo3 25 60 2549 149 3.33% Zhou1 42 105 2500 100 5.88% Zhou2 12 82 2470 70 3.81% Zhang1 41 91 2535 135 5.21% Zhang2 26 79 2470 70 4.25% Yang1 15 89 2620 220 3.97% Yang2 20 75 2560 160 3.71% Lu 22 101 2590 190 4.75% Wang 19 70 2525 125 3.52% Rong 14 89 2640 240 3.90% Li 23 69 2615 215 3.52% Liu 98 132 2710 310 8.49%

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Findings

1.What technical issues will influence a class running smoothly?

• technological factor is still a key issue for teachers to

meet in the classroom

• more time to spend on refreshing system in case of

failure of devices and software

• more time to switch among the devices and software due

to the teachers’ lack of familiarity with the operation of the device, the diversity of user operational habits, system stability, etc.

Findings

2.What factors will influence the user experience from the teachers’ views and students’ views respectively?

2.1 User experience from teachers

• Attitude to innovation and Motivation
• advantages in using eTextbooks: the interactive function of

eTextbooks, wireless projecting, and instant feedbacks

• most of the teachers are motivated to use eTextbooks in their

classrooms

• six teachers were motivated by many features which

they had never experienced before

• Two teachers were skeptical about using eTextbooks

in classrooms

• One teacher did not want to use iPad in her class

anymore.

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Findings

2.What factors will influence the user experience from the teachers’ views and students’ views respectively?

2.1 User experience from teachers

• Teaching habits and Technique skills
• very easy to use eTextbooks in classrooms（four

teachers）

adding eTextbooks to the classroom are keeping in pace with our already technology-rich classrooms, including showing students’ products, highlighting the texts or taking notes on the (e)textbook, etc

• a little difficult to use eTextbooks in classrooms（ three

teachers ）

• paid more attention to the handheld devices (iPad) （two

teachers）

Findings

2.What factors will influence the user experience from the teachers’ views and students’ views respectively?

2.1 User experience from teachers

• Satisfaction
• eTextbooks made the whole class more active(Nine

teachers)

• wanted to continue using eTextbook in their classrooms

(Six teachers)

• would like to recommend eTextbooks to others (Six

teachers)

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Findings

2.What factors will influence the user experience from the teachers’ views and students’ views respectively?

2.2 User experience from students

Item N Mean S.D. Attitude to new devices and technology 164 4.24 0.72 Motivation 164 4.06 0.80 Curiosity 164 4.39 1.17 Learning habits 164 3.85 0.82 Technique skill 164 4.48 1.15 Satisfaction 164 4.20 0.80

• Results from questionnaire: Students had high level

experience when using eTextbooks in classroom

Findings

2.What factors will influence the user experience from the teachers’ views and students’ views respectively?

2.2 User experience from students

• Results from interviews ( 20 students): positive attitude to

using eTextbooks in classrooms.

• Technique skill: all the students know how to use eTextbooks,

including turning pages, airplay with Apple TV, highlighting, taking notes, etc.

• Curiosity: students were immersed in the rich contents in

eTextbooks because of widgets amazing interactive elements.

• negative impact on the students : A few students would not

look at the whiteboard or listen to teachers, they spent a long time playing with iPad.

• Learning habits: no difference between using eTextbooks and

paper textbooks. All the boys feel nervous when teachers “called” their names and expecting them to raise hands when finished the quiz in class, in case they were asked to project

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Findings

2.What factors will influence the user experience from the teachers’ views and students’ views respectively?

• Most teachers have a positive attitude toward
• eTextbooks. The teachers would be easily satisfied if

they have weaker teaching habits of depending on paper textbook and stronger skills in operating software and devices.

• eTextbooks would promote students learning interest.

The students would be easily satisfied if they have both a strong curiosity and information literacy.

Findings

• 3. What challenges will be faced when teachers

are preparing eTextbook classes?

• Instructional design : teachers spent longer time preparing

an class when using eTextbooks than using paper textbooks.

• defining a reasonably and clear learning outcome,

studying the functions of iPad, designing learning activities with more interaction, etc.

• Materials preparation: teachers needed to collect a lot of

materials to match the requirements when developing eTextbooks.

• difficulties in preparing multimedia materials, such as

low level information literacy, scarcity of useful materials, unskillful of developing contents, etc.

• Devices equipment and software installation: teachers

needed a technician to help them to equip the devices and install software

• updating iOS system and iPad Apps, synchronizing

contents, setting up projector (Apple TV), etc.

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Thank You!