Waste and district heating in Norway Jon Tveiten Managing Director - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Waste and district heating in Norway

Jon Tveiten’ Managing Director Norsk Energi

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Organizing of the waste system in Norway

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Waste amounts and recycling rate

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Energy Recovery of materials Ban Other Biogas Compost

Household waste by disposal

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

• Wte ( waste to Energy) plants

increase before and after landfill ban in 2009

Wte capasity

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

• Norway have underc‐apasity on Wte plants

and Sweden has over‐capasitity

• Therefore exsport of waste toSweden
• Waste amount
• Wte capasity

Export of waste to other country

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

• Sweden have low gate fee, and are competativ even due to

transport cost

• At the same time we import waste from Great Britan by

ship to some Wte plants In Norway,.

• Because og high gate fee in Great Britain to landfil and low

Wte capasity it can be sheaper to deliver waste to scandinavia by ship.

Wte plants in Norway

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

• 17 Wte plant in Norway (Most of them over 100 000 t/year)
• They are built mostly built to handle the waste marked , not for

production of electrisity

• Nearly all of them are with grate, only two is fluidez bed
• Because of demand of over 60 % energy utiliization to built a

Wte plant , new district heating system had to be implemented .

• Only half of the Wte plant have turbin. ( 445/GWh year)
• Due to small district heating system , we are cooling to air 17 %
• g the energy

Typical heating demand in DH in Norway Cooling to air summertime

Wte plants own by the municipalities

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Wte plants Own by municipaities Monopol from the houshold waste from the owners Gate fee‐ maximum selfcost for running the Wte plants Waste from other municipalities and commersial activities Gate fee – market prize District heating companies ( can be same owner, but another company) Price for thermal energy is decide between the companies

Wte plants own by energy companies

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Wte plant Household waste from the local municipalities Waste from other municipalities and commersial activities Gate fee – marked prize District heating Gate fee – marked prize Wte plants and ditrict heating system

• wn by the same company

District heating in Norway

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Electrisity – hydro power Energy source ‐ houshold i norway District heating‐ under 10 % of the heating market

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016

District heating production GWh/y

Gas‐/diesel oils, heavy fuel oils Gas Bio fuel Electricity Bark, wood chips and wood1 Waste heat Waste

RDF plant in Norway

• Only one plant is using only RDF to district heating production in

Norway, it is a 30 MW CFB plant in Oslo with hot water production. Gate fee for RDF to plant is about ‐

• Norcem (cement‐factory) is using RDF instead of coal i their cement

production.

• IT Is planning a new plant in Ranheim with 2*15 MW steam

production

• ( 10 Bar) for industrial steam demand and district heating production

not Turbin.

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Ranheim

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Wte plant Own by the fabric RDF from Norway RDF abroad Gate fee – marked prize Gate fee – marked prize Own RDF Gate fee – marked cost Steam 10 Bar to Fabric Steam 10 Bar to dsitrict heating company Price for thermal energy is decide between the companies

REAS PP REAS Paper fabric

Thermal system Ranheim

District heating company RDF RDF Elecric boiler Gas boiler

2*15 MW steam Ranheim

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

• Furncase ‐Grate
• Smoketube boiler
• 850 C sek, deman in Norway

to Reduce dioxin

• Sorbalit/ activ coal to reduce

S02 and Clorid

• Aminoa‐ to reduce NOx

Steam boiler‐ flue gass Econo‐ mizer Bag filters Dozing arbsobent Amonia tank Oil tank Bottom ash Sor‐ balit Dry ash 2 sek. 850 oC

Ranheim – 3D

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

• Due to local enviroment

the silo is separat from the boiler house

• RDT must be shredded

either by the supplier,

• r have the possibility at

the plant

• Planned runing time –

8000 hours/year

• Total cost 450 mnok‐

approx 420 M Euro

• Electromechanical cost

235 mnok, approx 0,83 millon Euro/MW

• 2 year building time from

contrakt to test periode

RDF – Fuel specification

• Important to have a proper fuel specification
• Heating value 12‐16 MJ/kg
• Moisture <40 %
• Content of ash/incombustible components <15 %,

due to wear, clogging of grate and sintering

• Content of N, S, Cl, F, Al, Na, K, Pb, Zn, Fe
• Fuel density and composition
• Max particle size
• Max amount of components <3mm and <1mm
• No clinic wast, explosive wast, radioactive waste,

neoprene, silicon, creosote

Fluid accept (do not transelate)

Make sure to have a plant that can handle a great fuel flexibility Tender documents and contract must be accurate and have specific demands else you will end with a diminished solution Bidders documentation and references must be thoroughly evaluated. Make visits to reference plants Choose high material quality for all components i direct contact with fuel and ash Do not make fuel and ash systems too complex, the less rotating devices, the better Use adequate water/steam and flue gas temperatures Considered redundant systems ((cranes), pumps, compressors, hydraulics) Choose a high quality combustion filter system Metal and aluminium separators may be profitable Make the fuel bin large to ensure there is enough space for mixing the fuel Pay great attention to service access to all components during design phase. Spend time doing thorough 3D coordination and interface control

Robustness

• 100 tons RDF per day =>

environmental impact assesment study is required

• 100 tons/day equals a 12‐

13 MW RDF heat plant.

Emissions

Norwegian emission demand Waste< 50 MWt (mg/Nm3 v 11% O2) Avergage/ day Average 30 miinutes CO 50 100 1) 150 2) (10‐ min) Dust 10 30 TOC 10 20 HCl 10 60 HF 1 4 SO2 50 200 Nox 200 400 Dioksiner 0,1 ng/Nm³ ‐ Cd+Tl 0,05 ‐ Hg 0,03 ‐ Sb+As+Pb+Cr+C

• +Cu+Mn+Ni+V

0,5 ‐

RDF ‐ Contractors

• Few contractors
• Contractors have bad financial stands
• Several contrators have gone bankrupt during the last years
• Due to the contrators bad financial stands, some contrators might prefer seperated

entreprises in order to reduce own risk

• Important to have adequate evaluation criterias
• Important to have adequate payment schedules and guarantees/insurences

Good practice

Many interfaces towards construction. Important to define and clarify at an early stage. Involve operators in all phases. RDV is relatively dry fuel which can some wood powder. Thus, some areas will be defined as explosive, and must be paid attention to in the design. Risk analysis, Hazop and explosion assesments must be carried out.

Tromsø 2*10 MW Waste and RDF

• Finish 2016
• 2*10 MW
• Grate
• Hot water production to district

heating

• Electromechanical cost about 18

Meuro

Utilizing local energy resources by developing the concept of an urban energy cluster

Tromsø ‐ Kvitebjørn varme 2 x 10 MW waste and RDF