Postmodern Characteristics in the Trends of Sporting Practices in - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

University of Debrecen, Hungary Faculty of Economic Sciences and Rural Development, Department of Sporteconomics and Management

Perényi Szilvia (PhD.)

Assistant Professor

Postmodern Characteristics in the Trends of Sporting Practices in Hungary

• Economic and political changes in 1989/1990
• Capitalistic changes without actual capitalists

(Szelényi, 1987)

• Causing societal changes
• Economic crisis
• Changes in the societal sub-system of sport

SOCIETAL CONTEXT

• Hungary’s entry to the EU, 2005
• Hungarian presidency of the EU, 2011

YOUTH LIFE PERIOD

• Youth life changes (Gábor, 2002, Laki, 2002)
• Extended years in education
• Delay of independent life
• Delay in job market entry
• Delay in establishing a family
• Postmodern value dominance (Inglehart, 1991; Bauer, 2000;

Perényi, 2010)

• Post-figurative life elements (Mead, 1978)

More free-time and less responsibilities? Does it support enhanced level of sport participation?

YOUTH in HUNGARY

• Youth life changes with 15 years of delay

(Gábor, 2002, Laki, 2002)

• Economic, political and societal changes
• 20 years of transition with societal crises

(Hankiss, 2008; Bauer, 2000)

Discrepancies' in the autonomy of youth, in integrative social functions, fight for educational capital, collection of degrees and certificates. Limited opportunities and increase of unemployment.

CHANGES IN SPORT

The myth of a „Sporting Nation of Hungary” The heritage from state-socialism -- focus on Elite sport. Italy, Portugal, Greece and Hungary – the least physically active nations (Euro-barometer, 2009).

Delayed democratisation, newly established paternalism and centralism.

(Földesi and Egressy, 2005; Perényi, 2010)

PURPOSE OF THE STUDY

• To follow the trends in sport participation of

Hungarian youth during the first decade of the new Millennium.

• Define the relation of sport participation to socio-

demographic variables and outline trends of changes.

• Follow the possible postmodern trends in

sporting practices of youth.

THEORITICAL BACKGROUND

• Bourdieu (1984) Social determinations,

cultural and economic capitals praxis and habitus.

• Beck (1983) Individualization and

diversification.

• Schulze (1992) ‘Thrill Society’.

QUESTIONS

• What are the main indicators of sport

participation during the examined period?

• What are the strongest varibles influencing

sport participation?

• Is their a change in preferred sports over

the examined period?

• How is club membership destributed?

YOUTH 2000 2004 2008 Comprehensive research series of youth’s social position.

• education and career path
• political views, relation to democracy, religion
• physical well-being, self-satisfaction
• lifestyle, leisure time, sport participation
• deviance, endangers of well-being,
• youth culture, partner relations
• prospective future, values and norms,

Funded by:

Ministry of Youth and Sports and Prime Minister’s Office

Conducted by: ‘Mobilitás’ youth Research Institute, Central Statistical Agency, Institute of Sociology and Political Sciences of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Educational Research Institute

METHODOLOGY

METHODS

Sample:

• 15-29 years olds
• Stratified random sampling
• National representative sample (gender, age,

size of residence, municipality of residence)

• Youth2000
• N=8000
• Youth2004
• N=2x4000
• Youth2008
• N=1x4000, 2x2000

Data collection:

• Questioner based structured interview

PROCESS OF DATA

• SPSS 15.0 version

Statistical Analysis:

• Sport participation - years of 2000, 2004, 2008.
• frequencies, chi-square
• llogistic regression analysis
• Type of sports
• years of 2000 and 2004.
• frequencies

Previous studies in the EU: Scheerder and Breedveld (2004); Scheerder, Vanreusel, and Taks (2005); Moens and Scheerder (2004); Vanreusel et al, (1993)

VARIABLES

Dependent variable:

• Sport participant / non sport participant
• Subjective answer to the question of

„Do you do sports or physical activities regularly

• utside of physical education classes?”

Independent

• Gender (men, women)
• Age group (15-19, 20-24, 25-29 years)
• Education (low, middle, high)
• Labor market activity (study, work, un-employed, in-active)
• Social-economic position (low, low-middle, middle, middle-

hihg, high)

• Settlement types (capital, county-town, town, village)

2000. 2004. 2008. Sport participants 33 41 38 Nonsport participants 67 59 61 Sport part. female 27 34 31 Sport part. male 39 48 44 Chi-square 112,2* 167.49* 152.53*

% * p<.001

SPORT PARTICIPATION (%)

Gender, Age, Education

Logistic Regression categories 2000. 2004. 2008. gender men

• ref. category

women 0.543* 0.516* 0.508* age 15-19

• ref. category

20-24 0.762* 1.091* 0.703* 25-29 0.560* 1.608* 0.601* education low middle hihg

ref.

1.666* 2.648*

category

1.574* 2.685* 1.406* 2.269*

Exp(Beta), * p<.001

Education, market activity

(Logistic Regression) chategories 2000. 2004. 2008. education low middle high

ref.

1.666* 2.648*

category

1.574* 2.685* 1.406* 2.269* market activity student employed

unemployed

inactive

ref.

0.591*

• 0.374

catogory

0.586* 0.544* 0.359* 0.577* 0.466* 0.391*

Exp(Beta), * p<.001

Economic position & Residence

(Logistic Regression) categories 2000. 2004. 2008. economic position low low-mid mid mid-high high

ref.

1.132 1.286 1.604* 2.209*

category

1.517 1.813 2.214* 3.077* 0.854 1.386 1.942 3.098* size of residency village town county town capital

ref.

1.109 1.273* 1.437*

category

1.023 1,033 1.429* 1.064* 1.434* 0.726*

Exp(Beta), * p<.001

SPORTS

• 2000. (N=2497)
• 2004. (N=3165)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Football Aerobics Cycling Bodybuilding Jogging Home exercise Swimming Basketball Handball Track&Field Dance Karate Horseriding Tennis Volleyball 20.5 14.4 8.9 8.0 6.6 4.9 4.8 4.4 3.0 2.9 2.5 2.0 1.4 1.4 1.0 23.0 7.8 12.4 8.6 9.7 4.2 4.5 5.8 3.1 1.1 2.8 1.8 1.1 2.1 1.4

%

• Males:

SPORTS - GENDER

• Females

2000 2004 1 Football Football 2 Bodybuilding Cycling 3 Cycling Bodybuilding 4 Running Running, jogging 5 Basketball basketball 2000 2004 1 Aerobics Aerobics 2 Home exercise Cycling/Home exercise 3 Cycling Running 4 Running Bodybuilding 5 Swimming Swimming

NEW SPORTS

• roller blading
• mountain biking
• snowboarding
• walking
• home bicycle
• exercise for the pregnant
• Brazilian dance
• zumba
• baseball
• American football

SPORT CLUB MEMBERSHIP

2000. 2004. 2008. Sport club member 5,5

• 1,6

Sport club member, men 4,5

• 1,1

Sport club member female 1,0

• 0,5

%

SUMMARY 1.

• Sport remained gendered and mainly serviced

those who are students

• Over the decade:

The role of cultural capital in the year of 2000. The role of economic capital in the year of 2008. Country-side cities has increased participation New sports emerged Trends of individualisation in the choice of sports

SUMMARY 2.

YOUTH

• New generations
• New life style
• New tastes
• Postmodernism

SPORT

• Traditional thinking
• Traditional acting
• Elite athletism
• Paternalism

It is suggested that the present structure and

• ffers of sport does not meet

the needs of new youth generations!

Thank you for your attention !