Peril and Promise Red Balloon Project in a New Age University of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
peril and promise
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

Peril and Promise Red Balloon Project in a New Age University of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 06, 2022 259 likes •1.32k views

Peril and Promise Red Balloon Project in a New Age University of Southern Maine George L. Mehaffy 31 January 2014 3 Red Balloon Project PERIL Red Balloon Project In fifty years, if not much sooner, half of the roughly 4,500 colleges and

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Red Balloon Project

Peril and Promise in a New Age

University of Southern Maine

George L. Mehaffy 31 January 2014 3

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Red Balloon Project

PERIL

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Red Balloon Project

In fifty years, if not much sooner, half of the roughly 4,500 colleges and universities now operating in the United States will have ceased to exist.

“The End of the University as We Know It.” Nathan Harden. The American Interest. January/February 2013. http://www.the-american-interest.com/article.cfm?piece=1352

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Red Balloon Project

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Red Balloon Project

We are confronting massive change and great uncertainty. Our institutions are challenged as never before.

slide-6
SLIDE 6

Red Balloon Project

The Overarching Theme of This New Age: Shifting Power

  • The loss of power by traditional

institutions

  • The increased power of individual

students

  • The power of new organizations and

groups to enter and compete in the marketplace

slide-7
SLIDE 7

Red Balloon Project

The Great Unbundling, when we can:

  • Separate course elements from a course
  • Separate courses from a degree
  • Separate students from a specific

college or university

  • Separate faculty from a specific college
  • r university
  • Separate support services from the rest
  • f the college or university
slide-8
SLIDE 8

Red Balloon Project

The Key Issue

How do we educate more students, with greater learning outcomes, at lower costs?

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Red Balloon Project

10 Critical Challenges

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Red Balloon Project

  • 1. Our University

Model Was created in the 11th century Operates on a 19th century agrarian calendar To prepare students for life in the 21st century

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Red Balloon Project

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Red Balloon Project

  • 2. Funding Model

National Governors Association (NGA): “…state budgets will not be balanced until the latter part of the decade.” “Health, criminal justice, and the K-12 schools will consume an increasingly larger share of the state’s resources.” “Many states have structural deficits…”

http://www.cbpp.org/cms/?fa=view&id=711

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Red Balloon Project

Based on the trends since 1980, average state fiscal support for higher education will reach zero by 2059.

State Funding: A Race to the Bottom. Thomas G. Mortenson http://www.acenet.edu/the-presidency/columns-and-features/Pages/state-funding-a-race-to-the- bottom.aspx

State Expenditures for Higher Education (as a percentage of all expenditures: local, state, federal, personal) 1975: 60% 2010: 34% But huge variations in states: From 1980 to 2011- Colorado 69 % decline Minnesota 56 % decline North Dakota 1 % increase Wyoming 3 % increase

slide-14
SLIDE 14

Red Balloon Project

0% ¡ 50% ¡ 100% ¡ 150% ¡ 200% ¡ 250% ¡ 300% ¡ 1988 ¡ 1990 ¡ 1992 ¡ 1994 ¡ 1996 ¡ 1998 ¡ 2000 ¡ 2002 ¡ 2004 ¡ 2006 ¡ 2008 ¡

The unsustainable funding trends at public 4- year institutions, 1988-2008

Net ¡tui1on/FTE ¡ State ¡Appropria1ons/FTE ¡ E&R/FTE ¡ CPI ¡Index ¡ Price/Cost ¡ gap ¡ Source: ¡Delta ¡Cost ¡Project ¡IPEDS ¡database, ¡1987-­‑2008, ¡22-­‑year ¡matched ¡set. ¡ ¡Notes: ¡Percent ¡change ¡since ¡1988 ¡ based ¡on ¡unadjusted ¡dollar ¡amounts. ¡ ¡ ¡From ¡the ¡Delta ¡project. ¡ ¡Courtesy ¡Jane ¡Wellman ¡ Spending ¡v. ¡ State ¡approps ¡
  • 3. Cost Model
slide-15
SLIDE 15

Red Balloon Project

Sources: ¡College ¡Board, ¡“Trends ¡in ¡College ¡Pricing, ¡2008”; ¡Bureau ¡of ¡Labor ¡Sta1s1cs, ¡2009, ¡ ¡www.bls.gov ¡; ¡U.S. ¡Census, ¡ Current ¡Popula1on ¡Study-­‑ASEC, ¡2008. ¡From ¡the ¡Delta ¡Project. ¡ ¡Courtesy Jane Wellman ¡ 0% ¡ 50% ¡ 100% ¡ 150% ¡ 200% ¡ 250% ¡ 300% ¡ 350% ¡ 1988 ¡ 1990 ¡ 1992 ¡ 1994 ¡ 1996 ¡ 1998 ¡ 2000 ¡ 2002 ¡ 2004 ¡ 2006 ¡ 2008 ¡ Cumula7ve ¡growth ¡since ¡1988 ¡

The he Ris ising ing Cos

  • st of
  • f Colle
  • llege,

ge, 1988-2008 1988-2008 (bas based ed

  • n
  • n incr

increas eases es in in cur current ent dollar dollar amount amounts)

Public ¡Four-­‑Year ¡ Private ¡Four-­‑Year ¡ Public ¡Two-­‑Year ¡ Median ¡Family ¡Income ¡ CPI-­‑U ¡ Prescrip1on ¡Drugs ¡ Household ¡Energy ¡ New ¡Vehicle ¡
slide-16
SLIDE 16

Red Balloon Project

Simple Numbers: Median inflation-adjusted 7% household income, 2006 – 2011 Tuition at public four year 18% Institutions, 2006 – 2011

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/02/01/opinion/my-valuable-cheap-college- degree.html?_r=0

Public higher education – an historic threshold: Students about to pay a higher percentage than the state. 2012 – net tuition 47% of public colleges’ costs.

http://chronicle.com/article/StudentsStates-Near-a/137709/

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Red Balloon Project

  • 4. Business Model

Higher education is a set of cross-subsidies: graduate education subsidized by undergraduate; upper division subsidized by lower division

Jane Wellman, Delta Project http://www.deltacostproject.org/

We also have cross-subsidies by disciplines.

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Red Balloon Project

Credit Hour Distribution and Average Instructional Costs Public-four Year Averages, 4-state cost study (SUNY, Florida, Ohio, Illinois)

% ¡of ¡all ¡credits ¡ taken ¡ ¡ ¡ % ¡of ¡total ¡ spending ¡on ¡ instruc7on ¡ ¡ Avg ¡weighted ¡ cost/credit ¡ ¡ Lower Division ¡ 36% ¡ 23% ¡ 1.00 ¡ Upper Division ¡ 48% ¡ 44% ¡ 1.42 ¡ Grad 1 ¡ 12% ¡ 23% ¡ 2.88 ¡ Grad 2 ¡ 4% ¡ 9% ¡ 4.00 ¡ 100% ¡ 100% ¡ 1.55 ¡ SHEEO, 2010

Courtesy Jane Wellman

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Red Balloon Project

29.7 ¡ 31.2 ¡ 24.8 ¡ 11.3 ¡ 2.8 ¡ 0.2 ¡ 0 ¡ 5 ¡ 10 ¡ 15 ¡ 20 ¡ 25 ¡ 30 ¡ 35 ¡ 1 ¡to ¡12 ¡ 13 ¡to ¡24 ¡ ¡ 25 ¡to ¡36 ¡ 37 ¡to ¡48 ¡ 49 ¡to ¡60 ¡ 61 ¡to ¡72 ¡ Percentage ¡of ¡Dropouts ¡ Total Months Enrolled Before Leaving Higher Education (Out of 72 Possible)

Percentage of All Dropouts by Cumulative Months Enrolled, Beginning Postsecondary Students 2003-04

60% ¡of ¡a`ri1on ¡occurs ¡in ¡lower ¡ Division ¡courses ¡.. ¡Where ¡spending ¡per ¡student ¡is ¡ ¡lowest ¡

NCES, BPS, undergraduates only Courtesy Jane Wellman

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Red Balloon Project

Moody’s Inventor Services Report January 23, 2012 “Tuition levels are at a tipping point” Higher education must innovate to remain viable

  • Collaborations between colleges
  • More centralized management
  • More efficient use of facilities
  • Reduction in number of tenured faculty
  • Geographic and demographic expansion of

course offerings

http://chronicle.com/article/article-content/130434/

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Red Balloon Project

New Moody’s Report, August 2013 In 2012:

  • enrollment at public colleges was essentially flat
  • revenues grew less than 2 percent
  • expenses increased more than 3 percent

“…political pressure to limit tuition increases and little expectation for big improvements in state spending mean that public colleges will have to continue to cut costs for the foreseeable future.”

http://chronicle.com/blogs/bottomline/moodys-report-forecasts-a-gloomy- future-for-public-universities/

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Red Balloon Project

  • 5. Evidence of Success

2006 American Institutes for Research (AIR) 20% of U.S. college graduates only have basic quantitative literacy skills… …unable to estimate if their car has enough gasoline to get to the next gas station. More than 50% of students at 4-yr colleges lack the skills to perform complex literacy tasks, such as comparing credit card offers or summarizing the arguments of newspaper editorials.

http://www.air.org/news/index.cfm?fa=viewContent&content_id=445

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Red Balloon Project

Academically Adrift

  • R. Arum & J. Roksa

45% of students did not demonstrate any statistically significant improvement in Collegiate Learning Assessment (CLA) performance during the first two years of college. A further study has indicated that 36% of students did not show any significant improvement in Collegiate Learning Assessment (CLA) performance over four years.

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Red Balloon Project Graduation Rate, 2010 Study

63.2% of 2003 students who began at a 4 -year college earned bachelor’s degree by 2009.

Beginning Postsecondary Survey, National Center for Education Statistics, U.S. Department of Education. http://www.quickanded.com/2010/12/u-s-college-graduation-rate- stays-pretty-much-exactly-the-same.html

New Study 2012

Full time students: 75% in 6 years Part time students: 32% in 6 years

New National Tally of College Completion Tries to Count All Students. http://chronicle.com/article/New-National-Tally-of-College/135792/

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Red Balloon Project

  • 6. Public Opinion

*** 60% (six out of ten) of Americans in 2010 said that colleges today … focused more on the bottom line than on the educational experience

  • f students.

http://www.highereducation.org/reports/squeeze_play_10/ squeeze_play_10.pdf

*** In a recent survey, 80% said that at many colleges, education received is not worth the cost.

Time Magazine, October 29, 2012, p. 37

*** Lumina survey in November/December 2012, three quarters (3/4) of respondents said that college is unaffordable.

http://chronicle.com/article/Americans-Value-Higher/137023/

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Red Balloon Project

http://chronicle.com/article/A-Boom-Time-for- Education/131229/

  • 7. The Role of Venture Capitalists

New Start-Ups Udacity Udemy University Now Coursebook Coursekit Courseload CourseRank

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Red Balloon Project

  • 8. The Models of College
  • University of the People (UoPeople):
  • Western Governors University (WGU)

now also WGU Indiana, WGU Washington (state), WGU Texas, WGU Tennessee, and WGU Missouri

  • Peer to Peer University P2PU
  • Udemy
  • College Unbound
slide-28
SLIDE 28

Red Balloon Project Common Features:

  • 1. Lower Tuition Price
  • 2. Prior Learning Assessment
  • 3. Competency-based Models
  • 4. Non-tenured Faculty
slide-29
SLIDE 29

Red Balloon Project

  • 9. Debt and Inequality

Debt Student loan debt outpaced credit card debt for the first time last year. $ one trillion dollars this year Average debt for those with loans is now $ 24,000.

http://www.nytimes.com/2011/04/12/education/12college.html? _r=2

Americans aged 50 and older owe $ 139 billion in student loans. College (Unbound). Jeffrey J. Selingo. 2013

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Red Balloon Project

Inequality 1996 - 2012, public colleges and universities gave a declining portion of grants—as measured by both the number of grants and the dollar amounts—to students in the lowest quartile of family income. The task of educating low-income students has increasingly fallen to community colleges and for-profit colleges.

http://chronicle.com/article/Public-Colleges-Quest-for/141541/

46.8% gap in bachelor’s degree attainment based on family income.

http://www.pellinstitute.org/downloads/publications- Developing_2020_Vision_May_2011.pdf

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Red Balloon Project

Who Receives Merit Aid? 1 in 5 students from families with income over $ 250,000 1 in 10 students from families with income under $ 30,000 Percentage of 24 Year Olds with College Degrees 1970 2011 Top-income quartile: 40% 70% Bottom-income quartile 6% 10%

http://www.nytimes.com/2013/09/29/magazine/freebies-for-the-rich.html?_r=0

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Red Balloon Project

“The higher education system is more and more complicit as a passive agent in the systematic reproduction of white racial privilege across generations. Since 1995, 82 percent of new white enrollments have gone to the 468 most selective colleges, while 72 percent of new Hispanic enrollment and 68 percent of new African-American enrollment have gone to the two-year open-access schools.”

http://cew.georgetown.edu/separateandunequal/

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Red Balloon Project

And it’s likely to get worse… In 2011,the graduation rate: All baccalaureate nonprofit colleges: 52% With fewer than 20% Pell students: 79% 21 - 40% Pell students: 56% 41 – 60% Pell students: 42% above 60% Pell students: 31%

http://www.insidehighered.com/views/2013/09/30/essay-suggests- scoring-diving-suggests-path-rating-colleges

slide-34
SLIDE 34

Red Balloon Project

  • 10. Role of Research

What is the appropriate role of research, particularly in regional comprehensive universities? How do we frame or conceptualize the research enterprise, and its relationship to the rest of the university?

slide-35
SLIDE 35

Red Balloon Project

As students pay more and more of the costs of higher education, there will be greater pressure on the issue

  • f research.

Will we conduct the research enterprise on the backs of students?

slide-36
SLIDE 36

Red Balloon Project

And will we continue to privilege research over teaching? Northwestern University Study Ac-a-dem-ic per-form-ance, 8 co-horts of freshmen, 15,662 students, from fall 2001 to fall 2008. Non-tenure track fac-ul-ty mem-ber:

  • In-creases the like-li-hood that a stu-dent will

take an-oth-er class in the sub-ject

  • In-creases the grade earned in that sub-se-

quent class

  • Greatest gains for weakest students

http://chronicle.com/article/Ad-juncts-Are-Bet-ter/141523/

slide-37
SLIDE 37

Red Balloon Project New Model for Tenure Track Faculty

University of Minnesota – Rochester Two Tracks:

  • 1. Student-based faculty (no research

expectations)

  • 2. Learning design faculty (tenure depends
  • n a research focus on the scholarship of

teaching)

http://www.drsusanaldridge.com/harnessing-the-power-of- continuous-innovation/

slide-38
SLIDE 38

Red Balloon Project

Is Disruption Coming?

In The Innovative University, Christensen and Eyring argue that higher education has a common DNA:

Face-to-face instruction, self-governance, departmentalization, summer recess, athletics, general education, majors, tenure, externally-supported research.

(and a very unhealthy aspirational culture) Their conclusion… We have created

  • confused, multiple-purpose missions…and
  • unsustainable institutions

As a result, we are vulnerable to disruption.

slide-39
SLIDE 39

Red Balloon Project

Disruption comes from cheaper and simpler technologies that are initially of lower quality. Over time, the simpler and cheaper technology improves to a point that it displaces the incumbent. Christensen and Eyring argue that technology, and especially the on-line course, is the disruption enabler.

The Innovative University. Clayton Christensen and Henry J. Eyring. 2011

slide-40
SLIDE 40

Red Balloon Project

Technology Changes Everything

slide-41
SLIDE 41

Red Balloon Project

Robert Darnton Four Great Information Ages

  • Invention of Writing, Mesopotamia, 4,000

BC

  • Moveable type
  • Mass steam-powered presses, Industrial

Age

  • Internet, after 1993

Now You See It: Attention and the Future of Learning. Cathy N. Davidson, http://chancellor.ucdavis.edu/local_resources/pdfs/colloquium-11-12/ ccvol2_cathy_davidson.pdf

slide-42
SLIDE 42

Red Balloon Project

Think about the impact of technology: On journalism… On the music business… On the photography business… On the book publishing/selling business…

The Long Tail. Chris Anderson (Hyperion, 2006)

slide-43
SLIDE 43

Red Balloon Project

But do we realize the impact in time?

Once you see this pattern—a new story rearranging people’s sense of the possible, with the incumbents the last to know—you see it

  • everywhere. First, the people running the old

system don’t notice the change. When they do, they assume it’s minor. Then that it’s a niche. Then a fad. And by the time they understand that the world has actually changed, they’ve squandered most of the time they had to adapt

Napster, Udacity, and the Academy. Clay Shirkey (blog post) November 12, 2012. http://www.shirky.com/weblog/2012/11/

slide-44
SLIDE 44

Red Balloon Project

Headline in the Washington Post, Spring 1900, just before its first auto show in December 10, 1900.

  • Overman Automobile Company
  • Riker Motor Co. Knox Automobile Company
  • Woods Motor Vehicle Company
  • Pennsylvania Horseless Carriage Manufacturing Company
  • Electric Vehicle Company

“Horse Market Active. Effect of Automobile is Not Feared by Dealers. It Is Looked Upon Only as a Fad”

Washington Post, Monday, February 4, 2013 John Kelly’s Washington

slide-45
SLIDE 45

Red Balloon Project

PROMISE

slide-46
SLIDE 46

Red Balloon Project

The Century of Education

More human beings will be better educated than at any time in the history of humankind. Who will be the providers of education in the 21st century?

slide-47
SLIDE 47

Red Balloon Project

For us to be the providers, we have to be willing to examine everything

  • Courses and Classrooms
  • Policies, Practices and Procedures
  • Library, Bookstore, Office Space
  • Governance
  • The Concept of Campus
  • What is College
slide-48
SLIDE 48

Red Balloon Project

“The future is here: It’s just not widely distributed.”

William Gibson, Canadian Writer

slide-49
SLIDE 49

Red Balloon Project

Broad Course Re-Design

George Kuh High Impact Practices

  • First-year seminars and experiences
  • Common intellectual experiences
  • Learning communities
  • Writing-intensive courses
  • Collaborative assignments and projects
  • Undergraduate research
  • Diversity/global learning
  • Service learning, community-based learning
  • Internships
  • Capstone courses and projects

George Kuh. High-Impact Educational Practices: What They Are, Who Has Access to Them, and Why They Matter. AAC&U, 2008. Ensuring Quality & Taking High Impact Practices to Scale. AAC&U, 2013.

slide-50
SLIDE 50

Red Balloon Project

The Current Course Models

  • Cottage Industry Models
  • Open University (UK) – University of

Phoenix Models

  • Partnership Models (USC)
  • Individual Course Models
  • Massive Open Online Courses
slide-51
SLIDE 51

Red Balloon Project

Cottage Industry Model

Everyone designs his or her own course, from scratch, each semester. And no one learns anything about the most effective course content or most effective teaching practices… except that individual teacher, who learns

  • nly from his or her own experiences.
slide-52
SLIDE 52

Red Balloon Project

Open University of the UK - University of Phoenix Model

  • Huge resources (money and people)

put into course design

  • Taught by a large number of adjuncts

in a fairly similar way

  • Evaluation of learning outcomes

conducted by another unit

  • Huge scale involved (U of Phoenix

450,000 students)

slide-53
SLIDE 53

Red Balloon Project

Partnership Model (USC)

Venture capitalist partners with a public or not-for-profit university

  • 2tor USC and John Katzman. MAT
  • Academic Partnerships. Example, Lamar

University and Randy Best: MA in Education – reduced cost and time to completion.

  • 2U. Semester Online. 10 universities

The last frontier, when outsourcing finally penetrates the academic center.

slide-54
SLIDE 54

Red Balloon Project

Individual Course Offerings

StraighterLine:

  • offers courses for $ 99
  • entire freshman year for

$ 999 Blackboard and K-12, Inc

  • Selling online courses to community

colleges

slide-55
SLIDE 55

Red Balloon Project

Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs)

Stanford University. Computer Science (CS) 221 Offered Fall 2011 by S. Thrun and P. Norvig. More than 160,000 students from 190 countries. 44 languages. 23,000 students completed. 200 Stanford students enrolled; by the end of the course,

  • nly 30 Stanford students were still attending the

lecture.

Great resource on MOOCs: http://iberry.com/cms/mooc

EdX Coursera Udacity Semester Online

slide-56
SLIDE 56

Red Balloon Project

The State of the MOOCs Mixed messages Bad News

  • 1. Hype cycle
  • 2. Lack of completion
  • 3. Credit for MOOCs continues to be questionable
  • 4. No one wanted credit for MOOCs, Colorado State
  • 5. Problems with Udacity MOOC at San Jose State
  • 6. Sebastian Thrun is rethinking his approach
  • 7. Growing skepticism by academic leaders
slide-57
SLIDE 57

Red Balloon Project

The State of the MOOCs Mixed messages Good News

  • 1. Coursera got $ 43 million in additional funding
  • 2. Institutions/systems, 9 states, signed with Coursera
  • 3. Many institutions experimenting with MOOCs
  • 4. 6 million students enrolled
  • 5. EdX MOOC at San Jose State succeeds
  • 6. Computer Science MOOC at Georgia Tech
  • 7. Udacity and San Jose offering courses this spring
slide-58
SLIDE 58

Red Balloon Project “MOOCs are not the future of higher education-----

  • ----------- that future will be far more

various and surprising than we can see now-----------

  • ----but they do expand the horizon of

the visible.

Clay Shirkey. MOOCs and Economic Reality. Chronicle of Higher

  • Education. July 8, 2013
slide-59
SLIDE 59

Red Balloon Project

So what will the college course

  • f the future look like?

What elements might it contain?

slide-60
SLIDE 60

Red Balloon Project

Flipped Courses

The “flipped” course. You do homework by watching lectures. You go to class to work on problems together. Khan Academy: 2,400 videos covering everything from arithmetic to physics, finance, and history. Khan lessons viewed by more than 4 million people a month. http://www.khanacademy.org/ Use technology to improve efficiency and effectiveness

slide-61
SLIDE 61

Red Balloon Project

Open Learning Initiative (OLI)

Carnegie Mellon University

http://oli.web.cmu.edu/openlearning/index.php

Team: content specialist cognitive scientist instructional designer graphic designer Results showed that OLI-Statistics students learned a full semester’s worth of material in half as much time and performed as well or better than students learning from traditional instruction over a full semester.

http://oli.web.cmu.edu/openlearning/publications/71-effectiveness-statistics0

Use team approach rather than individual

slide-62
SLIDE 62

Red Balloon Project

Science Classes

The Carl Wieman Science Education Initiative Three strategies:

  • 1. Reducing cognitive load
  • 2. Addressing beliefs
  • 3. Stimulating and guiding thinking

http://www.cwsei.ubc.ca/

Experiment produced two times the learning outcomes

Deslauriers, Schelew, and Wieman. Science. 13 May 2011, pp. 862 – 864.

Use cognitive science to inform instruction

slide-63
SLIDE 63

Red Balloon Project

Math Emporiums

“Higher Education’s Silver Bullet” Carol Twigg http:// www.changemag.org/Archives/Back%20Issues/2011/May-June%202011/ math-emporium-full.html

3 Keys To Success:

  • 1. Interactive computer software
  • 2. Personalized on-demand assistance
  • 3. Mandatory Student Participation

Personalized software, explicit rules, variations in help

slide-64
SLIDE 64

Red Balloon Project

Blended Courses

Blended (hybrid) courses combine fact-to-face classroom instruction with online learning and reduced classroom contact hours (reduced seat time)

Charles Dziuban, Joel Hartman, Patsy Moskal. Blended Learning.

  • EDUCAUSE. 2004 http://net.educause.edu/ir/library/pdf/ERB0407.pdf

SRI Study

http://www2.ed.gov/rschstat/eval/tech/evidence-based-practices/ finalreport.pdf

Ithaka Study

http://www.sr.ithaka.org/research-publications/interactive-learning-

  • nline-public-universities-evidence-randomized-trials

Combine best of human interaction and technology

slide-65
SLIDE 65

Red Balloon Project

National or Collaborative Blended Learning Courses

Two courses now in development:

  • 1. Global Challenges

http://www.aascu.org/GlobalChallenges/

  • 2. The Stewardship of Public Lands

Use crowdsourcing and other human/technology strategies to produce high quality programs

slide-66
SLIDE 66

Red Balloon Project

Analytics (Big Data)

A method of warehousing, organizing, and interpreting the massive amounts of data accrued by online learning platforms and student information systems … … in hopes of learning more about what makes students successful… … and by giving instructors (and the platforms themselves) the chance to adjust to improve learning outcomes.

http://www.insidehighered.com/news/2010/11/09/completion

slide-67
SLIDE 67

Red Balloon Project Analytics provides:

Information for the Institution

  • Predicting academic demand
  • Tracking course success
  • Dropout prevention, social integration
  • Reporting information: state, federal,

accreditors Information for Faculty Members

  • Student Progress and Success
  • Areas of Confusion or Misunderstanding

Information for the Student

  • Course selection and progress
  • Major selection
  • Program progress
slide-68
SLIDE 68

Red Balloon Project

Some Examples of Data Analytics

  • Degree Compass (Desire2Learn)
  • SHERPA (South Orange County Community

College)

  • Signals (Purdue University)

Recent study at Purdue indicates that students who took at least two courses using Signals graduated at a rate 21% higher than students who did not take a course with Signals

slide-69
SLIDE 69

Red Balloon Project

Personalization

The capacity of software and systems to tailor course materials, learning processes, and approaches to the unique circumstances of individual learners.

  • Individual characteristics

Learning style Memory decay Pacing

  • Obstacles or misunderstandings
slide-70
SLIDE 70

Red Balloon Project An Analysis of 70 New Personalization Providers

  • Adapt Courseware
  • ANewSpring
  • Cerego Global
  • Cogbooks
  • Jones and Bartlett Learning
  • Knewton
  • Loudcloud Systems
  • McGraw-Hill Learnsmart Advantage

Suite

  • Open Learning Initiative
  • Quantum Simulations
  • Smart Sparrow

Learning to Adapt. 2013 http://edgrowthadvisors.com/research/

slide-71
SLIDE 71

Red Balloon Project

Prediction: Eventually the term “blended” will have no meaning because all courses will be more or less blended, using the best technology tools and the best human abilities.

slide-72
SLIDE 72

Red Balloon Project

What about other areas of emphasis? What about other parts of the institution?

slide-73
SLIDE 73

Red Balloon Project

Prior Learning and Competencies

Prior Learning Assessments: CAEL New Competency-based Degrees: Southern New Hampshire University Northern Arizona University Western Governor’s University Competency-based Hybrid Degrees: Texas A&M Commerce, South Texas College Badges: Khan Academy Mozilla Certifications: Cisco CLA

slide-74
SLIDE 74

Red Balloon Project

Key Shifts In Teaching and Learning

  • From episodic to continuous learning
  • From content conveyors to content

curators

  • From grades to continuous feedback

mechanisms

  • From lecture halls to collaborative

spaces

  • From degrees to reputation metrics
  • From working at one scale to working up

and down the scale

Marina Gorbis, Institute for the Future, Plenary Address, AASCU Annual Meeting, October 2013, Los Angeles

slide-75
SLIDE 75

Red Balloon Project

Changes in Faculty Work

  • Faculty will work in a networked world ---

collaboration of faculty, other experts, and students across time and space.

  • Faculty will become more interdisciplinary as

they also become more specialized.

  • Many other specialists will be involved in

teaching and learning.

slide-76
SLIDE 76

Red Balloon Project

A Focus on Learning Outcomes

  • New Tools (CLA, CAAP, and MAPP)
  • New Organizations (NILOA, New

Leadership Alliance, etc.)

  • New Initiatives (Degree Qualifications

Profile DQP)

  • New Pressures (Academically Adrift)
  • New Expectations (business, parents and

students, government, accreditors)

slide-77
SLIDE 77

Red Balloon Project What are the key work attributes of the 21st century?

  • -- Solving unstructured problems
  • -- Working with new information
  • -- Carrying out non-routine tasks
  • -- Complex communication
  • -- Expert thinking

The New Division of Labor: How Computers Are Creating the Next Job Market. Frank Levy & Richard J. Murnane. 2005

What Learning Outcomes?

slide-78
SLIDE 78

Red Balloon Project

Reducing Costs

  • Time to Completion
  • 120 hours for all majors
  • Reducing bottlenecks in completion
  • Charging out-of-state for 30+ credits

beyond graduation requirements

  • Intrusive advising and early remediation
  • Flat rate for summer courses
slide-79
SLIDE 79

Red Balloon Project

Free and Inexpensive Materials

Free courses: 15,000+ free courses Free textbooks: Temple, Rice, Flatworld Free materials: Open Educational Resources (OER) initiative, $110 million, Hewlett

“One potential … introductory courses are commodities offered free or close to free.

Jeff Selingo. A Disrupted Higher-Ed System http:// chronicle.com/blogs/next/2012/01/26/a-disrupted-higher-ed-system/

slide-80
SLIDE 80

Red Balloon Project

Changes in Academic Structures

  • Course (set of competencies)
  • Credit Hour (based on seat time)
  • Semester (unlike Facebook)
  • Curriculum (interdisciplinary, community-

linked)

  • Degree (competency, certificates, etc.)
slide-81
SLIDE 81

Red Balloon Project

Changes in Administrative Practices

  • Outsourcing
  • Campus Consolidation
  • Multiple-institutional Courses
  • Strategic and Corporate Partnerships
  • Contingent and Flexible Workforce
  • Alterations in Benefits
slide-82
SLIDE 82

Red Balloon Project

Categories Will Become Blurred

  • High school / college
  • Two year / four year
  • Transfer
  • Academic Affairs / Student Affairs
  • Interdisciplinary
  • Academic Units Based on Topics/Problems
slide-83
SLIDE 83

Red Balloon Project

Old Arguments

  • Online v. Face-to-Face

(same stupid arguments)

  • Job Preparation or Career Preparation

(a false dichotomy)

  • Academic Affairs – Student Affairs

(a dysfunctional separation)

slide-84
SLIDE 84

Red Balloon Project

Pervasive Myths

Remedial Education Pair Non-credit with Credit Courses Austin Peay State University. Tristan Denley, then Provost (now with the Tennessee Board of Regents) Reported significantly greater success with the concept of paired classes, plus extended support.

slide-85
SLIDE 85

Red Balloon Project

College Algebra Carnegie Foundation for the Advancement of Teaching: Quantway and Statway Essentially argues that traditional college algebra is not needed or useful for everyone, and that other forms of mathematical reasoning are often more helpful, depending

  • n major and career.

http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/quantway http://www.carnegiefoundation.org/statway

slide-86
SLIDE 86

Red Balloon Project

How do we transform ourselves?

  • 1. Leadership at many levels
  • 2. Boldness
  • 3. Experimentation and Innovation
  • 4. Sense of Urgency
  • 5. Reliance on Evidence
slide-87
SLIDE 87

Red Balloon Project

Building a Faculty Culture of Change

  • 1. Relearn the important of collective action
  • 2. Put an end to rhetorical excess
  • 3. Empower a different kind of faculty leader
  • 4. Recast the faculty-staffing table
  • 5. Academic department as the unit of

instructional production

Checklist for Change. Robert Zemsky. http://chronicle.com/article/How-to-Build-a-Faculty-Culture/141887/

slide-88
SLIDE 88

Red Balloon Project

Considerations for Success

Cost Efficiency Effectiveness

Pathways for Success

Differentiation Strategic Partnerships, Public and Private

slide-89
SLIDE 89

Red Balloon Project A New Model

Stewards of Place

AASCU institutions are naturally connected to their communities. Their students, in large part, come from the community and

  • region. The jobs and careers students go

into are in the region. The most significant research opportunities are linked to the

  • region. Their political support depends on

the region.

slide-90
SLIDE 90

Red Balloon Project

Portland State University “Let knowledge serve the city.”

slide-91
SLIDE 91

Red Balloon Project

Stewardship of Place means:

  • The classroom is the community
  • Research is with, in, and about the

community

  • Service is with, in, and for the

community

slide-92
SLIDE 92

Red Balloon Project

Stewards of Place Milestones

  • 2002 Original Publication:

Stepping Forward As Stewards of Place

  • 2014 Saltmarsh Analysis of 2008 and

2010 Carnegie Community Engagement Classification Applications

  • 2014 New Monograph on Where/How to

Be a Steward of Place

slide-93
SLIDE 93

Red Balloon Project Bill Plater, when asked about his goals for IUPUI: “I want Indianapolis to be one of the 10 best places to live and work in the world.”

slide-94
SLIDE 94

Red Balloon Project

Our system of higher education was originally built on scarcity; Now it has to be re-built on abundance.

  • - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -

Our system was originally built

  • n faith; now it will have to be

built on evidence.

slide-95
SLIDE 95

Red Balloon Project

America's economy is caught up in a "race between innovation and calcification--between the power of new ideas to lower costs and boost quality, and the power of entrenched interests to protect their habits and incomes."

Matt Miller, Washington Post, September 22, 2010

slide-96
SLIDE 96

Red Balloon Project

The Ultimate Question For Our Institutions Can we transform ourselves before we are disrupted?

slide-97
SLIDE 97

Red Balloon Project

The challenge is enormous. We have a confusion of purposes, distorted reward structures, limited success, high costs, massive inefficiencies, and profound resistance to change.

slide-98
SLIDE 98

Red Balloon Project

“Yet the progress is so slow that I wonder if traditional institutions can really survive.”

slide-99
SLIDE 99

Red Balloon Project

The Pony Express A Cautionary Tale About Disruption

slide-100
SLIDE 100

Red Balloon Project

slide-101
SLIDE 101

Red Balloon Project

The Pony Express

  • St. Joseph, MO to Sacramento, CA 1,900

miles Stations set up every 10 miles (as far as a horse can gallop); Riders changed every 60 to 100 miles. Reduced letter delivery from 24 to 10 days

slide-102
SLIDE 102

Red Balloon Project

Started: April 3, 1860 Ended: October 26, 1861 19 months later The completion of the transcontinental telegraph Why?

slide-103
SLIDE 103

Red Balloon Project

This is not simply a difficult moment for higher education: it is the dawn

  • f a very different era. The

institutions that will succeed— indeed, thrive—in this era will be those that constantly innovate.

“Challenge and Change.” ¡ ¡EDUCAUSE Review. (vol. 47, no. 5. September/ October 2012). http:// www.educause.edu/ero/article/challenge-and-change

slide-104
SLIDE 104

Red Balloon Project

Edward Deming, the great management guru, said “It is not necessary to change.” “Survival is optional.”

slide-105
SLIDE 105

Red Balloon Project