Particle Fever M e l b o u r n e - A u g 2 1 - 2 0 1 5 1 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Particle Fever M e l b o u r n e - A u g 2 1 - 2 0 1 5 1 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jun 01, 2023 275 likes •400 views

Introduction by Peter Skands School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University Particle Fever M e l b o u r n e - A u g 2 1 - 2 0 1 5 1 Fundamental Particle Physics The aim of particle physics is to study matter and force at the most

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SLIDE 1

Particle Fever

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Introduction by Peter Skands School of Physics and Astronomy Monash University

M e l b o u r n e - A u g 2 1 - 2 0 1 5

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SLIDE 2

Fundamental Particle Physics

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The aim of particle physics is to study matter and force at the most fundamental level

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SLIDE 3
  • P. S K A N D S

Real Data

Theory vs Experiment

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Calculations Real Universe Theory Model Scientific Method

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SLIDE 4
  • P. S K A N D S
๏Monash University ๏Open Day - 2015

The Large Hadron Collider

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The Large Hadron Collider Geneva, Switzerland

The LHC at CERN currently produces the highest energies we can create in lab conditions “Stable beams” for run 2: June 3rd, 2015 Collision Energy now: 13 Tera-eV (~ 1 million times higher than nuclear fusion)

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SLIDE 5
  • P. S K A N D S

CERN: European Organization for Nuclear Research

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~ 10 000 scientists work at CERN.

20 European Member States and around 60 other countries

Flags of CERN’s Member States

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Yearly budget ~ 1 billion CHF ~ 1.4 billion AUD

25 7 16 134 55 108 11 982 979 280 45 244

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SLIDE 6
  • P. S K A N D S
๏Many from One (well … from Two, really)
  • Quantum processes can convert the kinetic energy of the beam

particles into rest energy (mass) + momentum of outgoing particles

  • ๏What are we really colliding?
  • Take a look at the quantum level

Colliding Protons

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E = mc2p 1 + p2/(m2c2)

E = energy m = mass p = momentum c = speed of light u u d Hadrons are composite, with time-dependent structure: u d g u p

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SLIDE 7
  • P. S K A N D S

Such Stuff as Beams are Made Of

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๏Lifetime of typical fluctuation ~ rp/c (=time it takes light to cross a proton)
  • ~ 10-23 s; Corresponds to a frequency of ~ 500 billion THz
๏To the LHC, that’s slow! (reaches “shutter speeds” thousands of times faster)
  • Planck-Einstein: E=hν ➜ νLHC = 13 TeV/h = 3.14 million billion THz
๏➜ Protons look “frozen” at moment of collision
  • But they have a lot more than just two “u” quarks and a “d” inside
๏Hard to calculate, so use statistics to parametrise the structure
  • Every so often I will pick a gluon, every so often a quark (or antiquark)
  • Measured at previous colliders, as function of energy fraction
๏Then compute the probability for all possible quark and gluon

reactions and compare with experiments …

OK… there’s a bit more to it, but you get the idea

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SLIDE 8

L H C @ h o m e 2 . 0

Te s t 4 T h e o r y - A V i r t u a l A t o m S m a s h e r

O v e r 2 0 0 0 b i l l i o n s i m u l a t e d c o l l i s i o n e v e n t s

p p

LHC Physics Center at CERN

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SLIDE 9
  • P. S K A N D S

Test4Theory - LHC@home

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New Users/Day

May June July Aug Sep

July 4th 2012

The ¡LHC@home ¡2.0 ¡project ¡Test4Theory ¡allows ¡users ¡to ¡par:cipate ¡in ¡running ¡simula:ons ¡of ¡ high-­‑energy ¡par:cle ¡physics ¡using ¡their ¡home ¡computers. ¡ The ¡results ¡are ¡submiAed ¡to ¡a ¡database ¡which ¡is ¡used ¡as ¡a ¡common ¡resource ¡by ¡both ¡ experimental ¡and ¡theore:cal ¡scien:sts ¡working ¡on ¡the ¡Large ¡Hadron ¡Collider ¡at ¡CERN.

http://lhcathome.web.cern.ch/projects/test4theory

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SLIDE 10
  • P. S K A N D S

Higgs Discovery

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Image credit: CERN