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Elementary Particle Physics in a Nutshell

Elementary Particle Physics in a Nutshell

• Elementary particle physics explores the

nature of the very large and the very small

Elementary Particle Physics in a Nutshell

• Elementary particle physics explores the

nature of the very large and the very small

• ... forces within the nucleus

Elementary Particle Physics in a Nutshell

• Elementary particle physics explores the

nature of the very large and the very small

• ... forces within the nucleus
• ... the stuff of the universe

Elementary Particle Physics in a Nutshell

• Elementary particle physics explores the

nature of the very large and the very small

• ... forces within the nucleus
• ... the stuff of the universe
• ... the unity of forces

• ...searches for new

elementary (not just elemental) forms of matter

• Explores the

dominance of matter

• ver anti-matter
• ... the unification of

physical symmetries in a hot universe

• ... origins of mass

• ...searches for new

elementary (not just elemental) forms of matter

• Explores the

dominance of matter

• ver anti-matter
• ... the unification of

physical symmetries in a hot universe

• ... origins of mass
• ... the fundamental

theories of “life, the universe and everything “

Study basic constituents of matter and the forces that govern their actions

May 4, 2005 Drew Baden 10

The Labs

Fermilab (Near Chicago) The Tevatron proton-antiproton collider at c.o.m. Energy = 2TeV 6.3 km circumference CERN (Geneva, Switzerland) Tdhe LHC proton-proton collider at c.o.m. Energy = 14TeV 27 km circumference

T evatron

not to scale

May 4, 2005 Drew Baden 13

The Experiments

DØ - Fermilab Weighs 5000 tons ~106 channels of information Inspects ~3-30 x106 collisions/sec.

Running now, mature experiment, high quality data

CMS - CERN Weighs 12,500 tons ~107 channels of information Inspects ~40-1000 x106 collisions/sec.

First physics data: end of 2009

D-Zero

May 4, 2005 Drew Baden 15

Slice of CMS

7m

Are there undiscovered principles of nature: new symmetries, new physical laws?

The kinds of questions we ask

What is dark matter? How can we make it in the laboratory? Are there extra dimensions of space?

The kinds of questions we ask

Cosmic tug of war How can we solve the mystery of dark energy? Composition of the universe Do all the forces become one?

The kinds of questions we ask

Standard Model particles, many more may exist

Why are there so many kinds of particles? What is mass?

>12 orders of magnitude in mass!

W

photon mass = 0

mass = 80.4 GeV

What is the origin of electroweak symmetry breaking?

The kinds of questions we ask

What happened to the antimatter? Now Matter Antimatter Then How did the universe come to be? E=mc2

xkcd.com

Cold Hot

Electroweak Unification

EM-like Weak-like EM/Weak interactions unified at large Energy/ momentum transfer

EM/Weak interactions unified at large energy/momentum transfer

Gauge theory (like electromagnetism) describes fermions (quarks) which carry an SU(3) charge (color) and interact through the exchange of vector bosons (gluons)

Quantum Chromodynamics

In a more general theory (GUT), expect unification w/ electroweak force

• Interesting features:
• gluons themselves have color
• interactions are strong
• coupling constant runs rapidly

becomes weak at momentum transfers above a few GeV

Accumulate world's largest data sets at highest energies before LHC era physics menu includes: Precision top physics (first ever) Precision EW physics (new

• bservations of di-boson states)

Searches: Higgs* and new physics (explore much of SUSY phase space, extra-dimensions, exotic matter states) QCD and proton hadronic structure (new levels of precision, smallest distance scales yet)* Discover new states predicted by QPM Heavy flavor physics* (Precision measurements in heavy quark sector, relationship between generations, matter antimatter asymmetry,... Mature experiment, high quality data LHC: The New Frontier physics menu includes: Copious top production Test of EW physics to “unitarity limit” Copious Higgs production*, test SM

• vs. SUSY Higgs

Direct observations of SUSY states*

• r elimination of the lifetime work of

many theorists :) Order of magnitude gain in physics reach at smallest distance scales* Open door to weirdness: black hole production, extremely massive exotic states, new types of strong interactions, extra-dimensions*.... A new era of HEP research starts this Fall!

* general group interests at present

Various T echnical Projects

At the CMS test beam

Constantly pushing technological envelopes:

• High speed electronics
• Computing
• Precision detector

readout

• Radiation and high

magnetic field tolerant devices

• Fast, exceptionally

sensitive detector technologies

• State of the art data

analysis techniques

• ...

1990

World's 1st web site and a the WWW, a gift to the world from HEP

Workshops and Physics Schools

Around Fermilab

Around CERN

CERN Surroundings

Where do HEP students go?

HEP students and postdocs go many places after completing their research, some (very few really) examples: Industry Industrial research and instrumentation design Wireless technology and network infrastructure IT Consulting Financial analysis, modeling Design of medical treatment devices Non-Industry Private and public “think tanks” National research laboratories (not only HEP) Law, Media Academia 4-year undergraduate colleges Tier-1 research universities

But, you should

• nly choose this or

any other research area because you are interested in the physics! no passion, no progress!

What can you learn along w/ physics?

Lots: detector technologies, typical HEP experiments can easily employ many varieties of particle detection – enormous amount of practical physics in development of detector systems high performance data readout systems, electronics (HEP detectors must typically process 10's of TB of data each second) high performance computing: need to cull above data rate to manageable levels in real time handle data sets at many PetaByte level sophisticated data analysis techniques, statistical reasoning, multivariate approaches for problems -> extracting maximal information from data working with engineers and detector/accelerator physics experts to bring experiments on-line experience w/ detailed simulations of detector systems and physics processes join in a large talented physics community, amazing access to expertise in world wide community + many opportunities to contribute to high-profile efforts

Interested in Experimental HEP?

Great opportunities for graduate students this year Some resources:

• seminars, colloquia, ...
• Symmetry Magazine: http://www.symmetrymagazine.org
• CERN Courier: http://cerncourier.com
• Femilab Today: http://www.fnal.gov/pub/today/

A fantastic time to get involved!

Want to try learn more? I'll be happy to meet with interested students.

• Lab Tours
• Project Details
• Opportunities to get involved at UVa, CERN, Fermilab

Hirosky@Virginia.EDU