Overview Five findings from the Seattle Social Development Project - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

CONSEQUENCES OF CANNABIS USE ACROSS THE LIFECOURSE

AND ACROSS GENERATIONS: WHAT HAVE WE LEARNED?

Marina Epstein & Jennifer A. Bailey

Social Development Research Group (SDRG) University of Washington

Overview

Five findings from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) and the Intergenerational Project (TIP)

• 1. Heterogeneity in marijuana use across the lifetime
• 2. Parent behavior as a prevention target
• 3. Emerging findings on the effect of marijuana legalization on youth

marijuana use

• 4. Take home points

Finding 1: Lifecourse marijuana use

• Heterogeneity in use
• Outcomes vary by pattern of

use

Epstein et al. (2015). Development and Psychopathology.

1 2

14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Age CL1 - chronic (32%) CL2 - late-onset (20%) CL3 - nonuser (27%) CL4 - adolescent- limited (21%) Infrequent use No use Frequent use

Finding 1: Outcomes of use are heterogeneous as well

Epstein et al. (2015). Development and Psychopathology.

• 0.4
• 0.2

0.2 0.4 0.6

Marijuana dependence Alcohol dependence Low income

Standardized beta

* * *

1 2

14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Age CL1 - chronic (32%) CL2 - late-onset (20%) CL3 - nonuser (27%) CL4 - adolescent- limited (21%) Infrequent use No use Frequent use

Finding 1: Outcomes of use are heterogeneous as well

*

Adolescent use is associated with more harms

Finding 2: Parent marijuana use matters

Children of current marijuana users (compared to nonusers):

• a. Are more likely to use

marijuana themselves

• b. Have more pro-substance-

use norms

• c. Perceive others as more

accepting of substance use

Bailey et al. (2016). Journal of Adolescent Health. 0.25 0.5 0.75 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Probability Child age Parent: no use Parent: 15 times a month Parent: daily use

Finding 2: Parent marijuana use matters

Children of current marijuana users (compared to nonusers):

• a. Are more likely to use

marijuana themselves

• b. Have more pro-substance-

use norms

• c. Perceive others as more

accepting of substance use

Similar to alcohol and cigarettes, parent marijuana use predicts earlier initiation of child use

Finding 3: Parent substance-using behavior matters (over and above use)

Bailey et al. (2018). Journal of Adolescent Health. 4 0.3 7 7 8 0.4

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

Parents involve child in their use of alcohol or tobacco Parents give permission for child to use alcohol or tobacco

Increase in odds

• f child use

Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana

Finding 3: Parent substance-using behavior matters (over and above use)

Effective parenting can prevent child initiation of substance use, even among parents who are users

Finding 4: Heterogeneity in parent marijuana use patterns and child health

Epstein et al. (under revision).

2 4 6 8

Marijuana Alcohol Cigarettes

Increased odds (OR) * * * **

1 2

14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Age CL1 - chronic (32%) CL2 - late-onset (20%) CL3 - nonuser (27%) CL4 - adolescent- limited (21%) Infrequent use No use Frequent use Parent marijuana use Child substance use

Finding 4: Heterogeneity in parent marijuana use patterns and child health

• 0.2

0.2 0.4

Externalizing Attention problems Low grades

Increased level (Beta) * * + * Epstein et al. (under revision).

1 2

14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30

Age CL1 - chronic (32%) CL2 - late-onset (20%) CL3 - nonuser (27%) CL4 - adolescent- limited (21%) Infrequent use No use Frequent use Parent marijuana use Child functioning

Finding 4: Heterogeneity in parent marijuana use patterns and child health

Parent history of marijuana use has consequences for child health

Finding 5: Effect of legalization on child marijuana use (Preliminary findings)

0.125 0.25 0.375 0.5 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Probability Child age Pre-legalization Bailey et al. (in preparation).

Finding 5: Effect of legalization on child marijuana use (Preliminary findings)

Post legalization, youth:

• a. Start using later
• b. Rates of use increase faster in

mid-adolescence

• c. Rates of use are higher in late

adolescence

0.125 0.25 0.375 0.5 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Probability Child age Pre-legalization Post-legalization Bailey et al. (in preparation).

Finding 5: Effect of legalization on child marijuana use (Preliminary findings)

Post legalization, youth:

• a. Start using later
• b. Rates of use increase faster in

mid-adolescence

• c. Rates of use are higher in late

adolescence

Legalization may increase youth marijuana use in late adolescence

3 take home points

• 1. More specificity around marijuana use

is needed

• Frequency, quantity, potency; lifelong

patterns

• 2. We can use known approaches to

prevention

• Early onset
• Parent use
• Parenting behaviors
• 3. Legalization of marijuana may have

consequences

Thank you.

Marina Epstein

marinaep@uw.edu

Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse