C ONSEQUENCES OF C ANNABIS U SE A CROSS THE L IFECOURSE AND A CROSS G ENERATIONS : W HAT HAVE WE LEARNED ? Marina Epstein & Jennifer A. Bailey Social Development Research Group (SDRG) University of Washington
Overview Five findings from the Seattle Social Development Project (SSDP) and the Intergenerational Project (TIP) 1. Heterogeneity in marijuana use across the lifetime 2. Parent behavior as a prevention target 3. Emerging findings on the effect of marijuana legalization on youth marijuana use 4. Take home points
Finding 1: Lifecourse marijuana use • Heterogeneity in use 2 CL1 - chronic Frequent (32%) use • Outcomes vary by pattern of use CL2 - late-onset (20%) Infrequent 1 use CL3 - nonuser (27%) CL4 - adolescent- limited (21%) No use 0 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Age Epstein et al. (2015). Development and Psychopathology.
Finding 1: Outcomes of use are heterogeneous as well 0.6 2 * * CL1 - chronic Frequent (32%) use 0.4 * Standardized beta CL2 - late-onset 0.2 (20%) Infrequent 1 0 use CL3 - nonuser (27%) -0.2 CL4 - adolescent- limited (21%) No use -0.4 0 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Marijuana Alcohol Low income dependence dependence Age Epstein et al. (2015). Development and Psychopathology.
Finding 1: Outcomes of use are heterogeneous as well * Adolescent use is associated with more harms
Finding 2: Parent marijuana use matters Children of current marijuana 0.75 users (compared to nonusers): a. Are more likely to use Parent: no use Probability 0.5 marijuana themselves b. Have more pro-substance- Parent: 15 times a month 0.25 use norms Parent: daily use c. Perceive others as more 0 accepting of substance use 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 Child age Bailey et al. (2016). Journal of Adolescent Health.
Finding 2: Parent marijuana use matters Children of current marijuana users (compared to nonusers): a. Are more likely to use marijuana themselves Similar to alcohol and cigarettes, parent b. Have more pro-substance- marijuana use predicts earlier initiation of use norms child use c. Perceive others as more accepting of substance use
Finding 3: Parent substance-using behavior matters (over and above use) 8 8 7 7 Increase in odds 7 6 of child use 5 4 4 3 2 1 0.4 0.3 0 Parents involve child in their use of Parents give permission for child to alcohol or tobacco use alcohol or tobacco Alcohol Tobacco Marijuana Bailey et al. (2018). Journal of Adolescent Health.
Finding 3: Parent substance-using behavior matters (over and above use) Effective parenting can prevent child initiation of substance use, even among parents who are users
Finding 4: Heterogeneity in parent marijuana use patterns and child health Child substance use Parent marijuana use * CL1 - chronic 8 2 Frequent (32%) ** Increased odds (OR) use * * 6 CL2 - late-onset (20%) 4 1 Infrequent CL3 - nonuser use (27%) 2 CL4 - 0 adolescent- No use Marijuana Alcohol Cigarettes 0 limited (21%) 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Age Epstein et al. (under revision).
Finding 4: Heterogeneity in parent marijuana use patterns and child health Child functioning Parent marijuana use 0.4 CL1 - chronic 2 Frequent (32%) use Increased level (Beta) * * 0.2 CL2 - late-onset + * (20%) 1 Infrequent CL3 - nonuser 0 use (27%) CL4 - -0.2 adolescent- Externalizing Attention Low grades No use 0 limited (21%) problems 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30 Age Epstein et al. (under revision).
Finding 4: Heterogeneity in parent marijuana use patterns and child health Parent history of marijuana use has consequences for child health
Finding 5: Effect of legalization on child marijuana use (Preliminary findings) Pre-legalization 0.5 0.375 Probability 0.25 0.125 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Child age Bailey et al. (in preparation).
Finding 5: Effect of legalization on child marijuana use (Preliminary findings) Pre-legalization Post-legalization Post legalization, youth: 0.5 a. Start using later b. Rates of use increase faster in 0.375 mid-adolescence Probability 0.25 c. Rates of use are higher in late adolescence 0.125 0 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 Child age Bailey et al. (in preparation).
Finding 5: Effect of legalization on child marijuana use (Preliminary findings) Post legalization, youth: a. Start using later b. Rates of use increase faster in mid-adolescence Legalization may increase youth marijuana c. Rates of use are higher in late use in late adolescence adolescence
3 take home points 1. More specificity around marijuana use is needed • Frequency, quantity, potency; lifelong patterns 2. We can use known approaches to prevention • Early onset • Parent use • Parenting behaviors 3. Legalization of marijuana may have consequences
Thank you. Marina Epstein marinaep@uw.edu Funded by the National Institute on Drug Abuse
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