Organic Computing Oliver Gableske For the Institute of Distributied - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces

Organic Computing

Oliver Gableske

For the Institute of Distributied Systems Ulm University Germany

November 18, 2007

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces

1 Introduction

Organic Computing Motivation for Organic Computing

2 Terminology

Self-x properties Emergence Combining self-organization and emergence

3 An example for Organic Computing

OCµ and Artificial Antibodies

4 Referecnces

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Organic Computing

Misunderstandigs with the term “Organic Computing”

Organic Computing is not...

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Organic Computing

Misunderstandigs with the term “Organic Computing”

Organic Computing is not... ... the approach to use biological components within computing machinery.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Organic Computing

Misunderstandigs with the term “Organic Computing”

Organic Computing is not... ... the approach to use biological components within computing machinery. ... the involvement of (bio-)chemistry to compute results.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Organic Computing

Misunderstandigs with the term “Organic Computing”

Organic Computing is not... ... the approach to use biological components within computing machinery. ... the involvement of (bio-)chemistry to compute results. ... the usage of animals to assist computers.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Organic Computing

Clearification of the term “Organic Computing”

Organic Computing is...

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Organic Computing

Clearification of the term “Organic Computing”

Organic Computing is... ... a field of research, that ... tries to apply paradigms of natural and biological systems to ... software (or hardware) running on (or consisting of) silicon technology.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Motivation for Organic Computing

Motivation

(Distributed) systems become more and more complex

Trends indicate, that systems of the future will consist of hundreds of devices many forms of devices and appliances (e. g. from MP3-Player

• ver digital cameras to laptops and desktop computers)

all interconnected

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Motivation for Organic Computing

Motivation

Devices/systems must be configured Administrative effort becomes unbearable New paradigms must be found to cope with these problems

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Motivation for Organic Computing

Motivation

Devices/systems must be configured Administrative effort becomes unbearable New paradigms must be found to cope with these problems

2003 the insight: the GI Workgroup for Organic Computing published a position paper Organic Computing is supposed to solve of this problems (at least for some applications)

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces

How to achieve this?

Organic Computing: solve problems using paradigms from biological and natural system Nature provides us with many paradigms, but which of them are useful?

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces

How to achieve this?

Organic Computing: solve problems using paradigms from biological and natural system Nature provides us with many paradigms, but which of them are useful? Two main paradigms are of utmost interest:

First: the self-x properties Second: emergent features

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces

Still a matter of research

Still a matter of research The fundamental research on terminology in OC is still ongoing. The definitions that follow are not yet final. They might be revised in the future.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Self-x properties

The self-x properties

Self-x is... ... a term referring to several natural and biological properties, namingly

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Self-x properties

The self-x properties

Self-x is... ... a term referring to several natural and biological properties, namingly

self-organizing self-protecting self-healing ...

Interesting to us: self-organization An example for self-protection will be given later.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Self-x properties

A definition for the term self-organization (1)

A definition for the term self-organization as it was proposed by De Wolf and Holvoet: Definition Self-organization is a dynamical and adaptive process where systems acquire and maintain structure themselves, without external control.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Self-x properties

A definition for the term self-organization (1)

A definition for the term self-organization as it was proposed by De Wolf and Holvoet: Definition Self-organization is a dynamical and adaptive process where systems acquire and maintain structure themselves, without external control. This contains the concepts of: Increase in Order Autonomy Adaptability vs. Robustness Far-from-equilibrium

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Self-x properties

A definition for the term self-organization (2)

Note The essence of self-organization is an adaptable behaviour that autonomously acquires and maintains an increased order.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Self-x properties

A definition for the term self-organization (2)

Note The essence of self-organization is an adaptable behaviour that autonomously acquires and maintains an increased order. Exampless

in nature: ant hives (some ants collect food, some remove garbage and so on...) in computer science: Load balancing (some components recieve requests and forward them to those that handle them)

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Emergence

Emergence

Emergence is... ... a process, developing emergents.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Emergence

Emergence

Emergence is... ... a process, developing emergents. An emergent is...

...a property of the whole system. ...not directly connected to any sole entity. ...not deducable from the entities.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Emergence

A definition for the term emergence (1)

A definition for the term emergence as it was proposed by De Wolf and Holvoet: Definition A system exhibits emergence when there are coherent emergents at the macro-level that dynamically arise from the interactions between the parts at the micro-level. Such emergents are novel with respect to the individual parts of the system.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Emergence

A definition for the term emergence (1)

A definition for the term emergence as it was proposed by De Wolf and Holvoet: Definition A system exhibits emergence when there are coherent emergents at the macro-level that dynamically arise from the interactions between the parts at the micro-level. Such emergents are novel with respect to the individual parts of the system. This is meant by the sentence: “The whole is more than the sum of its parts.”

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Emergence

A definition for the term emergence (2)

Note The essence of emergence is the existence of a global behaviour that is novel with respect to the constituent parts of the system.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Emergence

A definition for the term emergence (2)

Note The essence of emergence is the existence of a global behaviour that is novel with respect to the constituent parts of the system. Examples

in nature: water molecules (these form clusters when left to themselves, the emergent property in this case would be “average clustersize”) in computer science: ?

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Combining self-organization and emergence

Combining self-organization and emergence (1)

Self-organization can occur without emergence.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Combining self-organization and emergence

Combining self-organization and emergence (1)

Self-organization can occur without emergence. Emergence can occur without self-organization.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Combining self-organization and emergence

Combining self-organization and emergence (2)

Self-organization as the basis for emergence.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces Combining self-organization and emergence

Combining self-organization and emergence (2)

Self-organization as the basis for emergence. Self-organization as an emergent feature.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces

An example for Organic Computing

The example will...

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces

An example for Organic Computing

The example will... ...present self-organization ...show how this self-organization will induce emergence ...explain the emergents arising (self-protection and learning ability).

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces OCµ and Artificial Antibodies

Example: OCµ and Artificial Antibodies (1)

In nature...

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces OCµ and Artificial Antibodies

Example: OCµ and Artificial Antibodies (1)

In nature... Antigenes/non-selfs (foreign objects within you body) Antibodys (cells that are produced by your body to neutralize antigenes/non-selfs) Antibodys are produced at random (about 18 Billion within your body) Antibodys are filtered by the Thymus in case they are dangerous to selfs

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces OCµ and Artificial Antibodies

Example: OCµ and Artificial Antibodies (2)

Antigene neutralisation in nature(left), comparing several message-bitschains with an artificial antibody (right):

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces OCµ and Artificial Antibodies

Example: OCµ and Artificial Antibodies (2)

Antigene neutralisation in nature(left), comparing several message-bitschains with an artificial antibody (right): Artificial antibodies are stored in binary trees: This antibody would declare messages as malicious, that contain the bitchains 010, 011, 101 at the sepecific offset.

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces OCµ and Artificial Antibodies

Example: OCµ and Artificial Antibodies (3)

The architecture of OCµ:

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces OCµ and Artificial Antibodies

Example: OCµ and Artificial Antibodies (4)

OCµ can learn new system-self messages (Thymus Service asks new Application Services for their messages) It stores its antibodies within the Immune Service (IS) The Intrusion Detection Monitor (IDM) checks incomming messages in cooperation with the IS If message triggers one of the antibodies in the IS, the message gets blocked

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces OCµ and Artificial Antibodies

Example: OCµ and Artificial Antibodies (5)

OCµ is self-organizing (asks applications for messages and creates antibodies) Thereby emergence gets induced: OCµ is self-protecting Furthermore: OCµ is learning (creates new antibodies from new self-messages / revises old antibodies if self-messages get removed)

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Outline Introduction Terminology An example for Organic Computing Referecnces

References

• T. D. Wolf and T. Holvoet. Emergence versus

Self-organisation. ESOA 2004, LNCS 3465, Springer-Verlag, pages 1 to 15, 2005. Workgroup Organic Computing of the GI. Position-Paper, Gesellschaft f¨ ur Informatik, <http://www.gi-ev.de/ fileadmin/ redaktion/Presse/VDE-ITG-GI-Positionspapier 20Organic 20Computing.pdf>, July 2003.

• C. M¨

uller-Schloer. Organic Computing - On the Feasability of controlled Emergence. CODES+ISSS04, (9):810, September 2004.

• A. Pietzowski, B. Satzger, W. Trumler, and T. Ungerer. A

bio-inspired Appreach for Self-protecting an Organic Middleware with Artificial Antibodies. Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Springer-Verlag, Volume 4124, Sept 2006.

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