Optical Interconnects for Cloud Computing Data Centers: Recent - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Optical Interconnects for Cloud Computing Data Centers: Recent Advances and Future Challenges Dr. Muhammad Imran muhammad.imran@ncp.edu.pk National Centre for Physics Islamabad, Pakistan. Optical Interconnects for Cloud Computing Data Centers:

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Optical Interconnects for Cloud Computing Data Centers: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

  • Dr. Muhammad Imran, ISGC 2018.

Optical Interconnects for Cloud Computing Data Centers: Recent Advances and Future Challenges

  • Dr. Muhammad Imran

muhammad.imran@ncp.edu.pk National Centre for Physics Islamabad, Pakistan.

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Outline

  • Introduction
  • Challenges in Traditional Data Center Network
  • Optical Interconnects

– Optical Switching Techniques – Optical Switches

  • Recent Proposals of Optical Interconnects for DCN

– Architectures based on MEMS: – Architectures based on SOAs – Architectures based on AWGRs – Architectures based on WSSs – Hybrid Architectures based on fast and slow optical switches.

  • Comparison
  • Conclusion and Future work.
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Introduction

  • Exponential increase of internet traffic:

– emergence of cloud computing based applications. – applications run on the servers deployed in the data centres – require huge bandwidths.

  • Importance of Data centres

– Computation and storage away from desktop to large scale data centres. – IP traffic will keep on increasing due to smart devices and multimedia applications.

  • Need of building fast and high bandwidth

interconnect network in the data centre.

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Challenges in Traditional DCNs

  • Power consumption

– ToR, aggregate/core switches and transceivers requiring O-E-O conversion are the main contributions to power consumption. – The power consumption of the interconnection network accounts for 23% of the total IT power consumption

  • It will increase significantly in future

DCNs as data rates increase.

  • Increasing bandwidth demand
  • Latency
  • Network Oversubscription
  • Scalability
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  • Traffic locality

– Cisco global cloud index reveals that majority of the traffic in future DCNs will remain within data centres while only a very small portion of the traffic will go the external network.

Challenges in Traditional DCNs…(2)

1000 2000 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019

Ebytes/year Year

Data center to user Data center to data center Within data center

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Optical Interconnects

  • Optical networks for data centre networks

(DCNs):

– Key requirement to achieve Internet-scale data centres – Provide huge bandwidths – Low latency – Power Efficient

  • The performance of optical network is related

with optical switching:

– Optical Circuit Switching (OCS) – Optical Packet Switching (OPS) – Optical Burst Switching (OBS)

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Optical Switching Techniques

  • Optical Circuit Switching (OCS):

– Connection Oriented – Suitable for long lasting connections

– Large connection establishment time – Bandwidth underutilization in the case of low traffic load

  • Optical Packet Switching (OPS):

– Connectionless – O-E-O conversion of header for processing in electrical domain – Fiber delay lines (FDLs) for buffering during header processing

– Lack of feasible optical buffer – Packet loss due to output port contention – O-E-O conversion increases energy consumption – Speed of header processing should be compatible with increasing data rate.

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  • Optical Burst Switching

(OBS):

– Packets are aggregated into a burst at the edge node – Control packet is sent ahead

  • f the burst to reserve

resources – The burst is sent a certain time after the control packet – Burst loss due to output port contention – Poor TCP performance due to burst loss

  • Contention induced losses are

misinterpreted as congestion induced losses

Optical Switching Techniques…(2)

OBS Network

Edge Node Core Nodes Servers Servers Servers Network Users Network Users Servers

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Optical Switches

1. Slow Optical Switches:

– MEMS

  • High port density
  • Transceivers are not required
  • Power efficiency due to passive switching
  • Low insertion loss and crosstalk
  • Data rate independent
  • Support bidirectional communications
  • Less expensive
  • Switching time is in the order of tens of milliseconds

– WSSs

  • Switching time is in the range of micro to milliseconds

2. Fast Optical Switches

– AWGR

  • Nanoseconds switching time.
  • Expensive and are not scalable.

– SOA

  • Nanoseconds switching time.
  • Expensive
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Recent Proposals of Optical Interconnects for Data Centers

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Optical Interconnects

  • 1. Architectures based on MEMS:
  • 2. Architectures based on SOAs
  • 3. Architectures based on AWGRs
  • 4. Architectures based on WSSs
  • 5. Hybrid Architectures based on fast and slow optical

switches.

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Architectures based on MEMS:

  • 1. Helios
  • 2. HyPaC
  • 3. OSA
  • 4. Reconfigurable Architecture
  • 5. HydRA
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Helios

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HyPac

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OSA

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Reconfigurable Architecture

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HydRA

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Architectures based on SOAs

  • 1. OSMOSIS
  • 2. Data Vortex
  • 3. Bidirectional Architecture
  • 4. SW
  • 5. STIA
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OSMOSIS

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Data Vortex

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Bidirectional

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SW

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STIA

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Architectures based on AWGRs

  • 1. LIONS
  • 2. TONAK-LION
  • 3. Petabit
  • 4. IRIS
  • 5. OFDM-b ased
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LIONS

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TONAK LIONS

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Petabit

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IRIS

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OFDM-based Architecture

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Architectures based on WSSs

  • 1. Mordia
  • 2. WaveCube
  • 3. OPMDC
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Mordia

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WaveCube

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OPMDC

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Hybrid Architectures based on fast and slow optical switches.

  • 1. LIGHTNESS
  • 2. Hybrid Optical Switching
  • 3. HOSA
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LIGHTNESS

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Hybrid Optical Switching

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HOSA

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Comparison

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Conclusion & Future Work

  • Every architecture has some pros and cons.
  • The more feasible architecture would be the one which is:

– Scalable – Power efficient – Cost effective – Low latency – High throughput.

  • Software Defined Optical Networking (SDON)

– Inter and Intra Data Centers Interconnect

  • Elastic Optical Network
  • Photonic Integration

– Provide fast optical switching – Increase capacity

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Thanks