[PPT] - Can Cloud Computing Can Cloud Computing and Optical Networking and PowerPoint Presentation

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Can Cloud Computing Can Cloud Computing and Optical Networking and Optical Networking S th Pl t? S th Pl t? Save the Planet? Save the Planet?

Rod Tucker, Jayant Baliga, Robert Ayre, Kerry Hinton ARC Special Research Centre for Ultra-Broadband Information Networks (CUBIN) University of Melbourne r.tucker@ee.unimelb.edu.au

SLIDE 2

Cloud Computing Cloud Computing

What do the following have in common?

Happiness
Love
Marketing Hype
Recession
Cloud Computing

p g They all mean different things to different people

SLIDE 3

Summary Summary

Cloud Computing as a Logistics Problem Cloud Computing as a Logistics Problem Key elements of logistics

Processing
Storage

Energy costs Storage

Transport

Energy costs

SLIDE 4

Cloud Computing Energy Model Cloud Computing Energy Model

Computer, Storage Servers, Storage Enterprise Data Center PON Access Network Core Network

OLT Splitter

ONU

Fiber

Processors PON Access Network

Broadband Network G

Core Router

Total Energy

Edge Routers

Gateways

OXC

Total Energy Consumption = Energy/bit used in

M t /Ed N t k

Ethernet Switch

Servers,

Storage
Transport
Processing

Metro/Edge Network Processors Storage Public Data Center

X Total number of bits

Cloud

Public Data Center

SLIDE 5

Network Energy Model Network Energy Model

1000

2009 2009 nJ)

100

per bit (n

10

Energy

0 1 1 0 01 0.1 0.01 Optical Amp PoS WDM Tx/Rx Ethernet Switch Core Router PON ONU (10 Mb/s) Server

SLIDE 6

Data Centre Energy Model Data Centre Energy Model

Servers 430 nJ/b Edge Router 26 nJ/b 430 nJ/b 26 nJ/b Storage 8 pW/b p [29 nJ/hr/b] LAN – 2 stages of aggregation using Ethernet switches Watts not Joules g

Baliga et al., OThT6

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User Hardware Energy Model User Hardware Energy Model

End user computer:

– High Energy Use Desktop 140 Watts

Eg. Intel Quad-core, or older P4, mid-range graphics

– Modern mid-range Desktop 70 Watts

Eg. Intel Core Duo 2.5 GHz, 2 GB RAM, mid-range graphics

– Low-end Desktop/Thin Client 18 Watts

Eg. Intel Atom 1.6 GHz, 2 GB RAM, chipset-based graphics

g , , p g p

– Ignore monitor (LCD/CRT) energy consumption

This will be similar in all our comparisons

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Outsource to Cloud or Oversize Computer? Outsource to Cloud or Oversize Computer?

Should I use a low-end Computer & Outsource Jobs

Computing Resource Service Center

Outsource jobs

Metro/Edge Network Access Network

Low energy consumption. consumption.

OR

Use a high-end computer that

OR -

g p can handle any of my jobs

But high energy consumption even for light jobs for light jobs

SLIDE 9

Consider Three Scenarios Consider Three Scenarios

1. Software-as-a-Service

– Stored on user’s computer with updates downloaded regularly

Eg current anti-virus software model extended to mainstream

applications, MS Update (weekly patch) model

2 S i B

2. Service Bureau

– Most tasks done on lower end user machine,

utsource the “big” jobs
3. Computing-as-a-Service

– Hosted and run on provider’s computer “farm” with data initially Hosted and run on provider s computer farm with data initially uploaded from user

User data may be hosted or locally stored
Like enterprise “Thin Client” model

Like enterprise Thin Client model

Can cloud computing save energy ?

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1. Software
1. Software-
as

as-

a

a-

Service

Service

Service Center I want to use the Word Processor Data Center Processor Mid-range Computer Metro/Edge Network Access Network Software as a Service

Software maintenance

Software-as-a-Service

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1. Software
1. Software-
as

as-

a

a-

Service

Service

Service Center Data Center Here is the latest version or patch Mid-range Computer Metro/Edge Network Access Network Software as a Service

Software maintenance

Software-as-a-Service

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2.

2. Service Bureau

Service Bureau

Here is my raw Service Center Computing Resource video footage and edit commands Mid-range Computer Metro/Edge Network Access Network Service Bureau Hardware & Software Service Bureau – Hardware & Software

Service Bureau for “Big” Jobs

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2.

2. Service Bureau

Service Bureau

Service Center Computing Resource Here is your DVD Image Mid-range Computer Metro/Edge Network Access Network Service Bureau Hardware & Software Service Bureau – Hardware & Software

Service Bureau for “Big” Jobs

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3. Computing
3. Computing-
as

as-

a

a-

Service

Service

Service Center Enterprise Server Metro/Edge Network Access Network Here is the new data for my spreadsheet p Computing (Hardware and Software-as- Low-end or “Thin Client” C t

Centralised Storage and Processing

Computing (Hardware and Software-as- a-Service) Computer

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3.

3. Computing

Computing-

as

as-

a

a-

Service

Service

Service Center Enterprise Server Metro/Edge Network Access Network Here is the

utput file to

print or e-mail Computing (Hardware and Software-as- p

Centralised Storage and Processing

Computing (Hardware and Software-as- a-Service) Low-end or “Thin Client” C t Computer

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1. Software
1. Software-
as

as-

a

a-

Service Example

Service Example

Energy impact of the

Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud? Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud? gy p “Software as a Service” & “Storage as a Service” models

Service Centre Data Centre

Compare the energy cost to

store & transport 50 MB bl k t th

Access Network Metro Network

blocks to the user,

cf. store on local drive

U i 1GB d 5GB “ l d” t

Users require 1GB and 5GB “cloud” storage

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1. Software
1. Software-
as

as-

a

a-

Service Example

Service Example

Storage of application & data “in the cloud” compared with storing on a local disk. 50 MBytes per download. Modern laptop-style HDD 20% read/write and 80% idle.

Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud? Store on Local Disk or in the Cloud?

50 MBytes per download. Modern laptop style HDD 20% read/write and 80% idle.

100 ) 10 ption (W)

Transport energy dominates L l HDD

1 Consump

Local HDD

0.1 Power C

1 GB Cloud Storage 5 GB Cloud Storage

0.01 0.01 0.1 1 10 100 D l d H

1 GB Cloud Storage

Downloads per Hour

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2. Service Bureau Example
2. Service Bureau Example

Computer used for 20 hrs/week, plus some video encoding of ½ hour videos

160 180

n, W

Older Computer Transport

100 120 140

nsumptio Mid-range Computer Transport energy dominates

60 80 100

Power Con

20 40 60

Average P Low-end Computer & outsourcing

20 40 60 80 100 120

Number of Encodings per Week A Number of Encodings per Week

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3. Computing
3. Computing-
as

as-

a

a-

Service Example

Service Example

Office situation

Thin Client or Small PC in Office? Thin Client or Small PC in Office?

Office situation

– non-intensive tasks,

Should this office deploy:

Service Center Enterprise Server

Should this office deploy:

– a low-end machine per user OR “dumb, thin clients”?

Metro/Edge Network Access Network

Commonly, thin client would receive and display

HTML formatted data from the server Thi li t bilit b li it d t di l i

Thin client capability may be limited to displaying

bitmaps developed from its server

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3. Computing
3. Computing-
as

as-

a

a-

Service Example

Service Example

nt (W)

Thin Client compared to Small PC in Office Thin Client compared to Small PC in Office

5 7.5

Thin Clien

“local” server

2.5

g using T

Distant Server

2.5

wer Saving

1% 2% 5% 10%

% of screen area updated

5

1 2 3 4 5

Pow

area updated per second

Average Bitrate for Screen Refresh Mb/s

Thin client solution “green” only when the server is local Thin client solution green only when the server is local

SLIDE 21

Summary Summary

Cloud Storage and Cloud Computing can provide

energy savings

– More so for less-demanding users – For handling the occasional intensive task

But...

– Advantages may be lost when data transfer is large – This is where optical networking needs to come to the rescue

Cl d C ti t th l t

Cloud Computing may not save the planet….

– But if used appropriately, it could help to mitigate the growth in energy consumption in our industry g gy p y – A classical Logistics problem