NZTA TRANSPORT-RELATED AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK November 2012 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

NZTA TRANSPORT-RELATED AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK

November 2012

Rob Hannaby – Principal Environmental Specialist

LAND TRANSPORT AND AIR QUALITY - NZ LEGISLATION AND POLICY

• Legislation
• Land Transport Management Act

(LTMA) 2003

• Resource Management Act (RMA) 1991
• Policy
• Policy
• Government Policy Statement
• NZTA Statement of Intent
• NZTA State Highway Environmental

Plan

LEGISLATION

NZ Transport Agency must comply with…..

• Land Transport Management Act (LTMA) 2003
• ‘contribute to an affordable, integrated, safe,

responsive, and sustainable land transport system’. system’.

• Resource Management Act (RMA) 1991
• ‘seeks to promote sustainable management of

natural and physical resources including air…requires avoiding, remedying or mitigating any adverse effects of activities on the environment’.

NZTA STATEMENT OF INTENT (2012-2015)

NZTA will:

Continuously improve performance

NZTA is committed to protecting and enhancing natural, cultural and built environments

Continuously improve performance in the management of environmental and social impacts Identify and comply with all relevant environmental and social legislation and regulations

WHY MONITOR (AIR QUALITY)? “YOU CANNOT MANAGE WHAT YOU DO NOT MEASURE”

Pavan Sukhdev – Deutsche Bank UN Convention on Biological Diversity 20th October 2010 Capital market expert leading the UN Environment Programme project “The Economics of Ecosystems and Biodiversity (TEEB)”

TRANSPORT-RELATED AIR QUALITY MONITORING IN NZ

• Ministry for Environment
• Ministry of Transport
• Ministry of Health
• Regional and Unitary

Councils Councils

• NZTA

NZTA AIR QUALITY MONITORING

• Roading Projects
• Assessment of environmental effects
• Construction effects
• Post-construction monitoring
• Operational Policy
• New, altered and existing roads
• New, altered and existing roads
• Surface roads and tunnels
• Research
• Transport-related air quality

management initiatives

• Monitoring Trends
• Exposure
• Emissions

TRANSPORT MONITORING INDICATORS

• MoT Transport Indicators
• NZTA Transport Data
• Regional Land Transport Strategies

NZTA STATE HIGHWAY ENVIRONMENTAL PLAN

www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/environmental-policy-manual/docs/environmental-plan.pdf

NZTA STATE HIGHWAY NETWORK AND AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

PERFORMANCE INDICATOR Annual assessment of vehicle emissions from Environmental Plan Objective A1 ‘Understand the contribution of vehicle traffic to air quality’ Annual assessment of vehicle emissions from the state highway network gathered from selected sites using diffusion tubes to measure nitrogen dioxide (NO2) as a surrogate measure. The objective is to measure a decreasing trend in emissions of NO2.

NZTA AIR QUALITY MONITORING NETWORK

• Screening monitoring network
• Commissioned in 2007
• Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) measured

as a proxy for the impact of vehicle emissions vehicle emissions

• Nitrogen Oxides (NOx = NO + NO2)

derived from combustion of fossil fuels

• Affects lung function and airway

responsiveness

NITROGEN DIOXIDE (NO2)

‘Nitrogen dioxide concentrations closely follow vehicle emissions in many situations, so nitrogen dioxide levels are generally a reasonable marker of exposure to traffic-related emissions’

Source: WHO

NETWORK DESIGN

• Covers whole of NZ (only

national air quality network)

• Passive diffusion tubes used -

simple and low cost

• Based on UK approach
• Based on UK approach
• Results based on monthly

averages

NETWORK LOGISTICS

• Management and reporting

support by Emission Impossible

• Watercare Laboratory Services

main contractor main contractor

• Tubes supplied and analysed

by Staffordshire County

• Tubes exchanged by NZTA

state highway network management area consultants

SITE SELECTION 1

• 28 ‘Monitoring Zones’
• Based on Stats NZ main urban

areas

• Sites types:
• Roadside - State Highway and

Local Road Local Road

• Urban Background
• 128 monitoring sites
• 11 QA/QC sites (tubes co-

located with regional council NESAQ compliant ‘continuous’ monitors)

NZ POPULATION - 2010

600,000 800,000 1,000,000 1,200,000 1,400,000 1,600,000

Source: Statistics New Zealand

200,000 400,000

SITE SELECTION 2

• Sites near to (<50m) sensitive

receivers

• Residences, schools, hospitals,

etc

• Within designated airsheds
• Roadside sites
• Roadside sites
• Highest traffic flows in zone
• Elevated congestion
• Sites < 50m from road
• Urban Background sites
• Sites > 50m from road
• Comparison sites

VEHICLE TRAVEL - 2009

Percentage Vehicle Kilometres Travelled by Region in 2009

20.00% 25.00% 30.00% 35.00%

• Total VKT in NZ = 39.9 b kms
• VKT in Main Urban Areas = 25.1 b kms (63% of VKT)
• VKT on State Highway Network = 19.6 b kms (49% of VKT)
• State Highway Network = 11,000 km (12% of roads)
• Local Road Network = 83,000 km (88% of roads)

0.00% 5.00% 10.00% 15.00% N

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Source: Ministry of Transport

EXPOSURE v EMISSIONS

Intersection of Cumberland Street and Hanover Street, near Dunedin City Hospital

NO2 ANNUAL AVERAGE BY SITE – 2011

ELEVATED CONCENTRATION SITES 2011 AUCKLAND

SH20A George Bolt Dr / Kirkbride Rd, Airport Oaks SH1 Central Motorway Junction, Auckland CBD

ELEVATED CONCENTRATION SITES 2011 AUCKLAND

New North Road / Mt Albert Road, Mt Albert Great North Road / Rata Street, New Lynn

ELEVATED CONCENTRATION SITES 2011 HAMILTON

SH1 Greenwood Street / Kilarney Road, Frankton SH1 / SH3 Lorne Street / Ohaupo Road, Melville

AUCKLAND TRENDS 2007 - 2011

HAMILTON TRENDS 2007 - 2011

TAURANGA TRENDS 2007 - 2011

WELLINGTON TRENDS 2007 - 2011

CHRISTCHURCH TRENDS 2007 - 2011

DUNEDIN TRENDS 2007 - 2011

QA/QC – PASSIVE v CONTINUOUS MONITORS

NO2 ANNUAL AVERAGE v 1 HOUR AVERAGE

Source: NIWA

KEY FINDINGS

• Air quality near roads varies within and between

regions throughout NZ

• Exceedences of WHO guideline in 2011 in parts of

Auckland and Hamilton

• National Environmental Standard for Air Quality
• National Environmental Standard for Air Quality

(NESAQ) (1 hour NO2 standard) unlikely to be exceeded if annual average < WHO guideline

KEY FINDINGS

• Elevated levels near to state highways AND local

roads

• Elevated levels near heavily trafficked roads AND

intersections

• Higher concentrations in winter
• Results show similar spatial and temporal patterns to

continuous data

• More data required to understand year-on-year trends

INTEGRATED TRANSPORT-RELATED AIR QUALITY MANAGEMENT

Policy Makers Transport Service Providers Transport and Land Use Planners Infrastructure Providers Researchers Managers and Regulators Road Controlling Authorities Developers Transport Users Planners Sector Representatives

FURTHER INFORMATION

http://www.nzta.govt.nz/resources/air-quality-monitoring/