Nutrient supply per kg dry matter Nutrient supply. 5000 kg batch - - PDF document

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Milos Haas DVM, MSC, PAS Haas Nutrition

What is feeding management ? Why is it important ?

Nutrient supply per kg dry matter

• Crude protein 160 grams per kg DM TMR
• Lysine – 8 grams /kg DM TMR
• Methionine – 3 grams /kg DM TMR
• Rumensin – 2 grams per cow per day in 26 kg
• f dry matter -77 mg/kg DM TMR
• Vitamin E – 3 grams per cow – 115 mg /kg DM

TMR

Nutrient supply.

• 5000 kg batch for 100 cows
• Contains – 300 grams of vitamin E that needs

to be evenly distributed between 100 cows

• Contains 200 grams of Rumensin that needs to

be evenly distributed among 100 cows

• 300 grams of Vit E is in 50 kg of dairy premix –

500 grams per cow per day- or 20 grams per kg TMR

Feeding management – Dr Trevor DeVries, University Of Guelph

• Management of nutrition can be as

important as nutritional composition in ensuring cows health, efficiency and production Feeding management – Dr Trevor DeVries, University Of Guelph

Good health and efficiency are maintained by utilizing feeding strategies that promote dairy cows to consume :

• 1. frequent small meals through the 24 hour

period,

• 2. discourage extensive sorting of the feed,
• 3. encourage cows standing after milking

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Access to the feed.

Good access to the feed can be achieved through:

• 1. frequent delivery of feed close to time of

milking ,

• 2. frequent feed push up,
• 3. ensuring cows are provided sufficient feed

amounts and

• 4. ensuring cows have sufficient space at the

feed bunk Bach et al –Associations between nondietary factors and dairy herd performance

• 27 herds fed the same ration,
• 56 % of the variation in observed milk

production between the herds was explained by non- dietary factors:

• 1. presence or absence of feed refusals,
• 2. free stall stocking density, and
• 3. whether feed was pushed up in the feed

bunk

Daily feed removal

• Bunker silos – forage variability in different

layers

• Consistency in removing feed from the face –

area and depth

• Managing leftover feed from feed bunk
• Protecting stored feed from weather and birds

Variability in the bunker silo

2/10/2018 3 Uneven removal of feed with defacer

Protect stored forages from environmental impacts and air penetration

Daily feed removal

• Bunker silo – daily feed removal based on U of

Wisconsin recommendation – 30 cm or 13-14 inches a day

• Size of the bunker silo reflecting size of the

herd

• Defacers , face shavers maintain higher

density and lower surface area on bunker silo- improve dry matter stability

Let’s start loading and mixing- TMR mixers The most common problems with mixers (Oelberg,Stone)

• 1. Worn mixer augers, kicker plates and knives
• 2. Mix time after the last added ingredient
• 3. Unlevel mixers
• 4. Loading position on the mixer box
• 5. Load size
• 6. Hay quality and processing
• 7. Loading sequence
• 8. Liquid distribution
• 9. Vertical mixer auger speed

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Worn kicker plate Worn augers

Loading

• Loading sequence of feed needs to be set

based on specifics on each farm

• There are some general recommendations
• These recommendations could be adjusted as

long as the final result is consistent TMR with proper particle size

Loading sequence

• 1. Low density forages (hay , straw)
• 2. Dry grains
• 3. Low inclusion dry ingredients
• 4. Proteins
• 5. Wet by-products
• 6. Haylage
• 7. Corn silage
• 8. Liquid

In reel-auger mixer , grain should be added first , before hay or straw

Loading

• TMR mixer position
• Loading feed in the middle
• There is a minimum amount of feed

that can be mixed properly – 0.5 kg

• f additive in 5000 kg batch will not

work

• Rule of tumb 50:1

Feeds have to be loaded into the mid part of the mixer

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Load size -max

• Reel-auger – allow 4-6 inches between the

TMR and the rails on the reel

• 3 auger and 4 auger horizontal- top of the

metal side of the walls or where you can see good movement of the TMR

• Vertical mixers – 2 feet above the top of the

augers

Overfilling TMR mixer = compromising mixing consistency

Pushing limits Mixing ?

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Small groups-underfilling mixer Leftovers from previous batch Mixing time and speed

• From 3 to 25 minutes - mixing time observed
• n dairy farms in Ontario in 2017
• Speed of augers observed 10-40 rpm
• Use at least particle size separator to monitor

this process

Mixing time

• Time needs to be set based on:
• 1. Particle size of forages
• 2. Condition of TMR mixer
• 3. Batch size related to mixer size
• 4. Speed – rotations per minute of mixer augers

Mixing speed and variability of TMR

• Ability to create proper speed for required

amount of time

• How many RPM of augers we need for proper

mix and for how long?

MUN variability due to inconsistent mixing

2/10/2018 7 Impact of mixing speed on milk production

Slow speed

Mixing for close up dry cows and fresh cows

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Loading and mixing

• Goal – consistent TMR with proper particle

size

• Measure mixing time – do not estimate !!!
• Keep mixer in good shape
• Do you need knives if yes how many?
• Set up proper speed RPM of augers for loading

and mixing

Feed delivery , distribution and feeding table management.

• What is dry matter intake (DMI) ?
• Function of the cow’s eating behaviour
• It is the result of number of meals consumed

daily and the size of those meals kg/meal

• It can be also expressed as feeding time per

day min/d multiplied by feeding rate kg of DM /min

Feed delivery and feeding table management

• Meal frequency and length of feeding through

the day are the best predictors for DMI and milk production ( Johnston, DeVries, 2015)

• Meal size could affect rumen function-SARA

( Krause , Oetzel, 2006)

Proper feed distribution

• Evenly

distributed feed

• Utilized

whole length

• f feeding

table,

Feed distribution did not reflect on cows amount in each group

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How far can cow reach ? Pushing feed

• 1. Frequency of pushing
• 2. Quality of pushing
• 3. Amount of feed available after the push

Feed pushing- proper set up Before and after push Feed pushing every 2 hours

Synchronize feed availability with milkings

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Leftovers , orts …

• What kind of feed are leftovers
• Feed that cow did not consume in the last 24

hours ( or from feeding to feeding) , during which time feed was pushed at least every 2 hours

• These leftovers are used for dry matter intake

calculation and for decision about the size of the next batch

Leftovers? Feed at 11.00 pm, next feeding 7.00 am 5 hours before feeding

Leftovers or ????

Leftovers

• What is your target 0,1,2,3,4 ,5 %

???

• Should it be 3-5 % ?

What are the leftovers ?

• Is it feed that cows did not eat due to

its amount or is it the feed that cows could not reach between two feeding?

• We measure milk production in 24

hour periods we need to measure intakes also in 24 hours period

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Feeding management

• Feed removal from the storage
• Loading into TMR mixer
• Mixing and timing
• Distributing feed
• Managing feeding table 24 hours –making

feed available

• Leftovers

Feed management -monitoring

• Software programs for feeding management
• Record accuracy of loading
• Mixing time and rpm
• Accuracy of unloading for groups
• Feed inventory
• Accurate expenses on feed – real amount of

feed delivered to the barn

Thank you