NTE for Nonroad Nonroad Diesel Diesel NTE for Engines Engines - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
OCE Informal Document No. 45 Thirteenth Plenary Meeting of the Working Group On Off-Cycle Emissions 5 & 6 April 2006 The Hague, Netherlands NTE for Nonroad Nonroad Diesel Diesel NTE for Engines Engines Matt Spears - - U.S. EPA U.S.
OCE Informal Document No. 45 Thirteenth Plenary Meeting of the Working Group On Off-Cycle Emissions 5 & 6 April 2006 The Hague, Netherlands
– – On On-
highway – – Alternative Alternative
– – Haul Truck Haul Truck
Intermittent hauling between idles during loading
– – Dozer Dozer
Moderately transient, high-
load operation
On-
highway
– – Zone Zone
Ambient T, P limits
Aftertreatment T T
Speed, torque, power
Pboost
boost,
, T Tboost
boost
Tcoolant
coolant
– – 30s min Avg. in zone 30s min Avg. in zone
Varies depending on time in zone zone
Typically 30s – – 5 min. 5 min.
Increments based on crossing zone zone
Alternative
– – No Zone No Zone
Ambient T, P limits
Event Avg. Aftertreatment Aftertreatment T T
– – Leads to 4 g/kW Leads to 4 g/kW NO NOx
x
Some aspects similar to recent Large SI Rule Large SI Rule
– – 10% rolling work Avg. 10% rolling work Avg.
Varies depending on rate of work performed work performed
Normalized to 6-
hr day
Typically 15 min. – – 1 hr. 1 hr.
Increments every 1% work
Maximizes usefulness of on-
vehicle data
– – Captures the wide variety of Captures the wide variety of nonroad nonroad duty cycles duty cycles
Places cap on events of significant and contiguous work
– – Seeks maximum emissions of 10% work windows vs. minimum 30 Seeks maximum emissions of 10% work windows vs. minimum 30-
second windows windows – – Weights events relatively within duty cycle Weights events relatively within duty cycle--
proportional to environmental impact
Allows intermittent excursions to be offset by lower emissions
– – Increases number of possible engineering solutions for engine ma Increases number of possible engineering solutions for engine manufacturers nufacturers
Simplifies on-
vehicle testing
– – Longer averaging time allows application of FTP average BSFC, el Longer averaging time allows application of FTP average BSFC, eliminating iminating torque measurement torque measurement – – Eliminates absolute exhaust flow measurement, only req. signal l Eliminates absolute exhaust flow measurement, only req. signal linear to flow inear to flow – – Eliminates engine speed, P, & T measurements, simplifying instal Eliminates engine speed, P, & T measurements, simplifying installation lation
Test #38 Volvo A35D Haul Truck
Vehicle type Haul Truck Vehicle manufacturer Volvo Vehicle model number and/or vehicle serial number A35D/V61126 Engine manufacturer Volvo Engine serial number 247968A Major exhaust leaks? If yes, do not test. No Alternator does not provide reliable speed signal? If no, do not test. O.K. Any obvious modifications or mal- maintenance? If yes, note details but proceed with test. None Exhaust pipe ID = OD – 2 x wall thickness 4.325” Vehicle model year 2001 Engine model number and model year D12C, 2001, TC I-6, EFI, 1 inj/cyl Engine hour meter reading if present 4092 Unit Power (i.e. 12V or 24V) 24V Engine rating (i.e. idle speed, rated power & speed, peak torque & speed) 375 hp @ 1900 rpm Installation date/time 4/22/02, 5:45 pm Removal date/time 5/2/02 NOTES: Data post-test processed. This hauler was also used at an industrial building construction site.
Test #45 Caterpillar D6H Dozer
Vehicle type Dozer Vehicle manufacturer Caterpillar Vehicle model number and/or vehicle serial number D6H/3ZF06039 Engine manufacturer Cat Engine serial number 08Z79758 Major exhaust leaks? If yes, do not test. No. Alternator does not provide reliable speed signal? If no, do not test. O.K. Any obvious modifications or mal- maintenance? If yes, note details but proceed with test. None. Exhaust pipe ID = OD – 2 x wall thickness, 3.75”. Vehicle model year 1995 Engine model number and model year 3306/1995, turbocharged inline 6 cylinder, mechanical fuel system, 1 injector/cylinder. Engine hour meter reading if present 5867.7 Exhaust after-treatment (i.e. oxidation catalyst? Y/N) No. Unit Power (i.e. 12V or 24V) 24V Installation date/time 6/4/02, 7:20 pm Removal date/time 6/18/02, 6:30 pm
#38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle Frequency
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
#38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle Log10(Frequency)
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
#45 D6H Dozer Duty Cycle Frequency
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
#45 D6H Dozer Duty Cycle Log10(Frequency)
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
On-Highway NTE Event Durations #38 A35D Haul Truck 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 30 34 37 41 45 48 52 Seconds Frequency (%) % Time in NTE
2.21%
Total Number of NTE 30
10% Work Interval Duration Histogram #38 A35D Haul Truck 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 25 39 53 68 82 96 111 Time (minutes) Frequency (%) Interval Frequency Interval Frequency < 250 deg C % Work < 250 deg C = 65% Total Number of Events= 223
On-Highway NTE Event Durations #45 D6H Dozer 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 49 91 133 175 217 259 300 Seconds Frequency (%) % Time in NTE
45.08%
Total Number of NTE
374 10% Work Interval Duration Histogram #45 D6H Dozer 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 29 32 34 37 40 43 45 Time (minutes) Frequency (%) Interval Frequency Interval Frequency < 250 deg C % Work < 250 deg C = 0% Total Number of Events= 223
Alternate NTE Events vs. Time #38 A35D Haul Truck 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (hours) NOx (g/hp-hr) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Interval Duration (min) BSNOxengout < 250 deg C Interval Duration Percent Speed %Time < 250 deg C= 74%
Alternate NTE Events vs. Time #45 D6H Dozer
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Time (hours) NOx (g/hp-hr) 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 Interval Duration (min) BSNOxengout < 250 deg C Interval Duration Percent Speed %Time < 250 deg C= 0%
#38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle (Linear) Frequency of 10% Work Intervals
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
#38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle Log10(Frequency) of 10% Work Intervals
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
#38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle Frequency
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
#38 A35D Hauler Truck Duty Cycle Log10(Frequency)
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
#45 D6H Dozer Duty Cycle (Linear) Frequency of 10% Work Intervals
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
#45 D6H Dozer Duty Cycle Log10(Frequency) of 10% Work Intervals
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
#45 D6H Dozer Duty Cycle Frequency
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
#45 D6H Dozer Duty Cycle Log10(Frequency)
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105
5 15 25 35 45 55 65 75 85 95 105 Percent Speed (%) Percent Torque (%)
On-Highway NTE Results #38 A35D Haul Truck 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 3.20 3.46 3.72 3.98 4.24 4.50 4.76 NOx (g/Hp-hr) Frequency (%)
NOx Histogram of 10% Work Intervals <250C #38 A35D Haul Truck 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 3.86 4.20 4.53 4.87 5.20 5.54 5.87 NOx (g/Hp-hr) Frequency (%) g/Hp-hr Max 10% Interval < 250C= 5.75
On-Highway NTE Results #45 D6H Dozer 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 3.79 4.04 4.30 4.55 4.80 5.05 5.30 NOx (g/Hp-hr) Frequency (%)
NOx Histogram of 10% Work Intervals #45 D6H Dozer 0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% 40% 45% 50% 4.23 4.41 4.59 4.76 4.94 5.12 5.30 NOx (g/Hp-hr) Frequency (%) g/Hp-hr Max 10% Interval= 5.13