North Pole Saturation Study Update PRELIMINARY FINDINGS 9/22/17 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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North Pole Saturation Study Update PRELIMINARY FINDINGS 9/22/17 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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North Pole Saturation Study Update PRELIMINARY FINDINGS 9/22/17 Barbara Trost, Air Monitoring and Quality Assurance, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation Backgr kgrou ound Non-attainment area designation in 2009 Based

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North Pole Saturation Study Update

PRELIMINARY FINDINGS – 9/22/17

Barbara Trost, Air Monitoring and Quality Assurance, Alaska Department of Environmental Conservation

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CLEAR THE AIR CONFERENCE, FAIRBANKS 9/22/2017

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Backgr kgrou

  • und
  • Non-attainment area designation in 2009
  • Based on 1 monitor
  • SOB downtown Fairbanks
  • Based on data from 2006-2008
  • North Pole Monitoring started in 2008
  • Temporary site at NP Elementary
  • Only intended for 1 winter season
  • While looking for a more permanent spot
  • NP Fire Station 3 established in 2011
  • Initially only winter time
  • Since 2015 considered a regulatory site
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Short Term Monitoring Sites 2014-2016

Sites in North Pole: Ticasuk-Brown Elementary Bright Electric North Star Fire Station #2 Badger Road Elementary Dixon Road North Pole Water 2 North Pole water 5 North Pole Pump Station North Pole Water Stillmeyer Newby Park

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CLEAR THE AIR CONFERENCE, FAIRBANKS 9/22/2017

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SPM monitoring data compared to NPFS (10/14-3/16)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Oct-14 Nov-14 Dec-14 Jan-15 Feb-15 Mar-15 Apr-15 May-15 Jun-15 Jul-15 Aug-15 Sep-15 Oct-15 Nov-15 Dec-15 Jan-16 Feb-16 Mar-16

PM2.5 Concentration, µg/m3 Date

0035 - North Pole Fire Station 0039 - North Pole Water 5001 - Newby Park 5004 - Ticasuk Brown Elementary 5005 - Bright Electric 5006 - North Star Fire Station #2 5007 - Eielson AFB Clinic 5008 - North Pole Pump Station 5009 - North Pole Water 5 5010 - Dixon Road 5011 - Badger Road Elementary 5012 - North Pole Water Stillmeyer NAAQS

CLEAR THE AIR CONFERENCE, FAIRBANKS 9/22/2017

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Saturation Study Objectives:

  • To evaluate the spatial characteristics of ambient PM2.5 concentrations across the North

Pole area during wintertime episodes:

  • To identify ambient PM2.5 concentrations residents are being exposed to beyond the NPFS

monitor; and

  • To evaluate where a new monitor could be placed, if necessary, to better represent

neighborhood scale impacts

  • Is the NPFS site representative for the area ?

CLEAR THE AIR CONFERENCE, FAIRBANKS 9/22/2017

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Organization

  • FNSB
  • Technical Assistance
  • Site selection
  • Community Outreach
  • EPA
  • Technical Assistance
  • Review and approve study design
  • Review and approve findings
  • Assist with site selection if warranted
  • DEC
  • Technical Assistance
  • Outreach
  • Obtained Funding
  • Oversight
  • Data Analysis
  • Sierra Research (DEC contractor)
  • Project Planning and Management
  • Data Analysis
  • T&B Systems (Sub-contractor)
  • Equipment Selection
  • Data Collection
  • Quality Assurance
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Study Design

Based on hourly BAM data collected at the NPFS monitoring station from 2013-2015, and the special purpose monitoring and mobile “sniffer” PM survey data previously collected by the FNSB Fixed-Site Monitoring

  • 11 additional fixed-site monitors were placed and
  • perated continuously during the study period.
  • Siting was set back from the main roads and away

from local sources to try to capture the most representative data of a neighborhood scale within a broad area of North Pole

  • Extend roughly 2 miles outward from the NPFS site

(neighborhood scale)

  • Timing: to catch exceedance days, i.e. days with

temperatures at -15°F

CLEAR THE AIR CONFERENCE, FAIRBANKS 9/22/2017

NP composite sniffer map of 2014/15 winter drives

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Mobile Monitoring - ‘Virtual Sites’

Goal

  • Evaluate small scale variations associated with localized sources and microscale phenomena

Create a dense network of ‘virtual sites’, using fixed monitors would be too costly Technique

  • Sniffer vehicle travelled a defined route once each hour for periods of four hours
  • Morning, Midday, Evening, Night
  • Measuring PM2.5 Concentration and GPS Coordinates at 1-second intervals

Data Processing

  • ‘Bin’ the 1- second measurements into 25-meter bins surrounding 1153 ‘virtual sites’
  • Average those 1-second measurements to produce a 1-hour average concentration for each bin
  • Average the individual bins’ hourly concentrations into a 4-hour average
  • Testing Validity by comparing mobile bins to nearby fixed sites

CLEAR THE AIR CONFERENCE, FAIRBANKS 9/22/2017

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Equipment

CLEAR THE AIR CONFERENCE, FAIRBANKS 9/22/2017

Thermo Personal Data Ram (pDR) Model 1500 samplers was used for all PM2.5 measurements

  • Used for stationary and mobile

monitoring

  • Same as FNSB ‘sniffer’ vehicle set-

up

  • pDR is a low cost monitor
  • Not qualified for use in regulatory

purposes

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Stationary Sites and Mobile Routes

CLEAR THE AIR CONFERENCE, FAIRBANKS 9/22/2017

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Timeline

Fixed Sites:

February 3rd through 19th , 2017

  • 14 Days

Mobile Monitoring:

February 7th through 18th , 2017

  • 11 Morning Runs

6AM to 10AM

  • 6 Midday Runs

11AM to 3PM

  • 11 Evening Runs

6PM to 10PM

  • 5 Night Runs

10PM to 2AM

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Temperature

  • 40
  • 30
  • 20
  • 10

10 20 30 40 1/1/2017 1/3/2017 1/5/2017 1/7/2017 1/9/2017 1/11/2017 1/13/2017 1/15/2017 1/17/2017 1/19/2017 1/21/2017 1/23/2017 1/25/2017 1/27/2017 1/29/2017 1/31/2017 2/2/2017 2/4/2017 2/6/2017 2/8/2017 2/10/2017 2/12/2017 2/14/2017 2/16/2017 2/18/2017 2/20/2017 2/22/2017 2/24/2017 2/26/2017 2/28/2017 3/2/2017 3/4/2017 3/6/2017 3/8/2017 3/10/2017 3/12/2017 3/14/2017 3/16/2017 3/18/2017 3/20/2017 3/22/2017 3/24/2017 3/26/2017 3/28/2017 3/30/2017

January, February, March: 24-Hour Average Temperatures Measured at NPFS, °F

Max/Min Average

  • 15F

Study Period

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Results: Fixed Monitoring – 24 Hour Averages

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Feb - 4 Feb - 5 Feb - 6 Feb - 7 Feb - 8 Feb - 9 Feb - 10 Feb - 11 Feb - 12 Feb - 13 Feb - 14 Feb - 15 Feb - 16 Feb - 17 Feb - 18

PM2.5 Concentration, µg/m3

24-Hour Average PM2.5 Concentrations - Fixed Sites

NPFS Concentration (Site 1) Average Concentration (Sites 2-12)

All data from low cost monitors

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Results: Fixed Monitoring – 1 Hour Averages

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 Feb - 4 Feb - 5 Feb - 6 Feb - 7 Feb - 8 Feb - 9 Feb - 10 Feb - 11 Feb - 12 Feb - 13 Feb - 14 Feb - 15 Feb - 16 Feb - 17 Feb - 18 Feb - 19

PM2.5 Concentration, µg/m3

1-Hour Average PM2.5 Concentrations - Fixed Sites

Maximum/Minimum Concentration Range (Sites 2-12) NPFS Concentration (Site 1) Average Concentration (Sites 2-12)

All data from low cost monitors

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Results: Fixed Monitoring – 1 Hour Averages

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 Feb - 4 Feb - 5 Feb - 6 Feb - 7 Feb - 8 Feb - 9 Feb - 10 Feb - 11 Feb - 12 Feb - 13 Feb - 14 Feb - 15 Feb - 16 Feb - 17 Feb - 18 Feb - 19

PM2.5 Concentration, µg/m3

1-Hour Average PM2.5 Concentrations - Fixed Sites

Maximum/Minimum Concentration Range (Sites 2-12) NPFS Concentration (Site 1) Average Concentration (Sites 2-12)

Period of high average concentrations Period of lower average concentrations All data from low cost monitors

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Fixed site Monitoring

Relationship Between:

  • 5-min Concentrations
  • 5-min Wind Directions
  • 5-min Wind Speeds

Observations:

  • Northerly Winds Rare
  • Winds <3 m/s
  • Higher concentrations occur

during periods with lower wind speeds

  • Variation Between Sites
  • All data from low cost monitors
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Mobile Monitoring

  • 4 plots showing concentrations during each 1-

hour traverse

  • 1 plot showing 4-hour average concentrations
  • f the traverses
  • Histogram showing distribution of 4-hour

average concentrations

Observations:

  • Concentrations not homogenous throughout

area

  • Indicates many individual sources
  • Localized high concentrations
  • Concentrations are transient
  • Possible Causes:
  • Inversion layer lifting or forming
  • Behavioral Patterns
  • Dispersion of PM2.5

Saturday February 11 – Morning Run (6AM to 10AM)

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‘Virtual sites’ vs Sniffer map analysis

  • Similarities
  • Road concentration maps look similar
  • Second or minute data
  • Differences
  • Filling in information in between fixed sites
  • 3 main time periods
  • More robust analysis, by averaging the 4 sequential hourly drive data
  • Able to catch variability of weather and emission patterns
  • Cannot equate mobile data to 24 hour averaged data

CLEAR THE AIR CONFERENCE, FAIRBANKS 9/22/2017

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Saturation Study Objective:

Is the NPFS monitoring site representative for the area?

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Conclusions - scale

Study Condition Days Number of Exceedance Days (NPFS 24-Hr Avg. > 35 µg/m³) 6 Number of Cold Days (Minimum Temp < -15°F) 7

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Conclusions - representative

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Feb - 4 Feb - 5 Feb - 6 Feb - 7 Feb - 8 Feb - 9 Feb - 10 Feb - 11 Feb - 12 Feb - 13 Feb - 14 Feb - 15 Feb - 16 Feb - 17 Feb - 18

PM2.5 Concentration, µg/m3

24-Hour Average PM2.5 Concentrations - Fixed Sites

NPFS Concentration (Site 1) Average Concentration (Sites 2-12)

Stagnation event Cold Weather event Snow Freezing Rain

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Conclusions

  • Problem more widespread than indicated by FNSB sniffer program maps
  • North Pole Fire Station Site does not record the highest values or the lowest
  • somewhere in the middle
  • Data indicate many individual localized sources of pollution, reaffirming conclusion that

it is primarily local sources including woodstoves that contribute to high concentrations and not large stationary sources outside of study area

  • Fairly representative of study area concentrations
  • The data from this study does not support the need to relocate the NPFS regulatory

monitoring site.

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Contact Information

Barbara Trost ADEC Program Manager – Air Monitoring and Quality Assurance 907-269-6249 barbara.trost@alaska.gov

http://dec.alaska.gov/air/north-pole-study.htm