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NGEPAN BATANG AI (IBAN WOMEN TRADITIONAL ATTIRE) PRESENTATION THROUGH LIGHT PAINTING PHOTOGRAPHY
Jusy Sambai Anak Javeril
Ijazah Sarjana Muda Seni Gunaan dengan Kepujian (Seni Halus) 2018
SLIDE 2 NGEPAN BATANG Al (IBAN WOMEN TRADITIONAL ATTIRE) PRESENTATION THROUGH LIGHT PAINTING PHOTOGRAPHY
JUSY SAMBAI ANAK JAVERIL This project is submitted in partial fulfillment
the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Applied Arts with Honours (Fine Art) Faculty of Applied and Creative Arts UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
SLIDE 3 UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
Grade: Please tick (v)
Final Year Project Report Masters
PhD DECLARATION OF ORIGINAL WORK This declaration is made on the Monday of Mei 2018. Student's Declaration:
I JUSY SAMBAI ANAKJAVERIL (54330) from FACULTY OF APPLIED AND CREATIVE ARTS hereby declare that the work entitled NGEPAN BATANG Al (IBAN WOMEN TRADITIONAL ATTIRE) PRESENTATION THROUGH LIGHT PAINTING PHOTOGRAPHY is my original
not copied from any other students' work or from any other sources except where due reference
acknowled a is made explicitly in the text, nor has any part been written for me by another person.
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WVP
8 jun i. 2018
Date Submitted upervisor's Declaration: I ASSOCIATE PROF.
ZAINAL ABIDIN hereby certifies that the work entitled NGEPAN BA TANG AI (IBAN WOMEN TRADITIONAL ATTIRE) PRESENTATION THROUGH LIGHT PAINTING PHOTOGRAPHY prepared by the above named student, and was submitted to the "FACULTY" as a * partial/full fulfillment for the conferment of BACHELOR OF APPLIED ARTS WITH HONOURS (FINE ARTS), and the aforementioned work, to the best of my knowledge, is the said student's work.
- ASSOC. PROFESSOR LYZ 7LfALNAIN ZAINAL
Date: N
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i
SLIDE 4 I declare that Project/Thesis is classified as (Please tick (ý) : E-1 CONFIDENTIAL (Contains confidential information under the Official Secret Act 1972)* RESTRICTED (Contains restricted information as specified by the organization where research was done)*
OPEN ACCESS
Validation
I therefore duly affirm with free consent and willingly declare that this said Project/Thesis shall be placed officially in the Centre for Academic Information Services with the abiding interest and rights as follows: " This Project/Thesis is the sole legal property
Malaysia Sarawak (UNIMAS). " The Centre for Academic Information Services has the lawful right to make copies for the purpose of academic and research
- nly and not for other purpose.
" The Centre for Academic Information Services has the lawful right to digitalise the content for the Local Content Database. " The Centre for Academic Information Services has the lawful right to make copies of the Project/Thesis for academic exchange between Higher Learning Institute. " No dispute or any claim shall arise from the student itself neither third party on this Project/Thesis
- nce it becomes the sole property of UNIMAS.
" This Project/Thesis
data and information related to it shall not be distributed, published
to any party by the stud e xc ith UNIMAS permission. Student signature Current Address:
/ý)
Madva Hi Zulkalnain Zainal Abidin Locturer
Fakulti Seni Gunaan r1. v Kreatif UNIVERSITI MALAYSIA SARAWAK
LOT 1292 LORONG 4A/2, TAMAN HARMONI, 95000. SRI AMAN, SARAWAK
Notes: * If the Project/Thesis is CONFIDENTIAL
please attach together as annexure a letter from the organisation with the period and reasons
and restriction.
[The instrument is duly prepared by The Centre for Academic Information Services]
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SLIDE 5 DECLARATION
The project entitled NGEPAN BATANG Al (IBAN WOMEN TRADITIONAL ATTIRE) PRESENTATION THROUGH LIGHT PAINTING PHOTOGRAPHY was prepared by JUSY SAMBAI ANAK JAVERIL and submitted to the Faculty
and Creative Arts in partialfulfillment
for a Bachelor
Arts with Honours (Fine Art).
(PROF. MADYA H UýLNAIN ZAINAL ABIDIN) Penyelia
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SLIDE 6 APPRECIATION AND GRATITUDE I, Jusy Sambai Anak Javeril, hereby, want to take this opportunity to thank everyone upon the completion of this Final Year Project and Final Year Project Reports. To Associate Professor Zulkalnain Zainal Abidin, thank you so much on your support and guidance throughout this semester for me to complete this Final Year Project, on giving me a lot
- f brilliant ideas in order for me to create an artwork.
To beloved family, thank you so much for always believing in me and your endless support in terms of money and love. I am also would like to express my gratitude to Fine Art lecturers and technicians especially Mr Yassir bin Bujang, Puan Liza and Mr Mohammad Saufian bin Suhaili on their contributions on this project. To my beloved friends, especially Ms Anastasia Shirley Busan, Mr Cobasky Fenninmore, Ms Dina David, Ms Lucyana Shuma, Mr Ivor Kana and Ms Mercellinnie Paderek thank you so much on helping me doing my Final Year Projects artworks.
Not forget, I also would like to thank everyone, no matter directly and indirectly who had helped
me out in this journey. May the Lord God bless you all.
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SLIDE 7 Contents Declaration Appreciation Contents Abstract Abstrak Chapter 1 : Introduction 1.1 Problem Statement 1.2 Research Questions 1.3 Objectives 1.4 Scope of Research 1.5 Significant
Chapter II : Literature Review 2.1 Culture
2.2 Than Ethnic
2.3 Than traditional costumes 2.4 Ngepan Batang Ai 2.5 Uniqueness 2.6 Light painting photography 2.7 How photography act as visual message 2.8. Visual arts
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SLIDE 8 Contents Page Chapter III : Research Methodology Introduction 13 Source(s) 14 - 15 Chapter IV : Research Findings 4.1 Introduction 16 4.2 Impact of the photography
16 4.3 The Art fundamental
- n Ngepan Batang Ai analysis
17 - 18 4.4 The process of photographing light painting 19-21 4.5 Materials used 22 4.6 Technical process on photographing light painting 22 4.7 The Ngepan Batang Ai presentation through light painting photography 23 - 30 Chapter V : Conclusion 31 References 32 - 33 Attachments 34 - 36
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SLIDE 9 ABSTRACT
This research is about the connection between photography and the Than culture in
- Sarawak. Light painting photography technique was applied in presenting the Than
traditional attire in Sarawak. This research was also to analyze the art fundamentals on the Ngepan Iban. Other than that, this research was aimed to come out with an artwork by using photography approach presenting Iban's culture. The data would be collected from books, internets, online newspapers, and interviews. For instance, the data collection for theories and concepts of light painting photography was done through reading of books and online websites. The researcher indeed understood more about the light painting photography. Meanwhile, an interview session was conducted between the researcher and the Ngepan owner in Sarawak to get the information on the
- costume. The interview process helped the researcher to get an accurate and reliable source of
information from the respondent. Using all the accumulated data, the researcher utilized and created a new interpretation and intellectual perspective throughout the whole research. KEYWORDS Light painting photography, cultural object, visual art, art fundamentals, presentation
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SLIDE 10 ABSTRAK
Kajian ini adalah tentang hubungkait fotografi dan budaya Than di Sarawak. Lukisan fotografi cahaya akan digunakan bagi mempersembahkan pakaian tradisional masyarakat Than di
- Sarawak. Seterusnya, untuk menganalisis elemen seni yang terdapat pada ngepan tersebut. Akhir
sekali, adalah untuk menghasilkan dan mempersembahkan karya seni yang menggunakan pendekatan fotografi lukisan cahaya. Segala maklumat dan data berkaitan diperolehi daripada buku, internet, suratkhabar dalam talian, dan juga temuramah. Sebagai contoh, teori dan konsep fotografi lukisan cahaya boleh didapati dalam bentuk buku dan juga di laman web. Dengan demikian, pengkaji akan lebih faham akan fotografi lukisan cahaya. Dalam pada itu, kaedah ternuramah pengkaji bersama pemilik ngepan tersebut dalam mendapatkan maklumat yang betul dan juga sah ih. Dengan menggunakan data-data yang terkumpul, pengkaji akan menggunakan dan mengolah pemahaman baru dalam bentuk iritelektual di dalam seluruh kajian ini. KATA KUNCI : Fotografi lukisan cahaya, objek budaya, seni visual, asas seni, persembahan
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SLIDE 11 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION This research was about the light painting photography and the reflection
fundamentals
Batang Ai (Iban lady traditional costume). Light painting photography technique would be applied on a portrait of a lady wearing Ngepan Batang Ai. This traditional costume is mainly from Lubok Antu. Lubok Antu is a part of Sri Aman district in
- Sarawak. The people are famous for the productions of Kain Kebat and Kain Sungkit (Pua Kumbu
woven skirt). Kain Kebat are normally worn during special occasions like Gawai Antu (the Than festival for departed souls). Meanwhile, Kain Kebat woven skirt is one of the Ngepan attires for special occasions also, for example, wedding, Pekit Kumang (beauty pageant), and Gawai Dayak celebration. The elements of art are the basic components of art-making. It is impossible to create the artwork of art without using at least one of the element. Those elements are line, shape, form, value, space, color and texture. Ngepan Batang Ai traditional costume is a unique attire enriched with textures, lines, color, shape, and form which will be analyzed at the Chapter IV.
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1.1 Problem statement a) This research is conducted because there is lack of portrait photography (light painting . photography) production that emphasize on culture in the contemporary art world. 1.2 Research Questions " What is the impact of photography towards the Ibans culture? " What is the art fundamentals have on the Ngepan Batang Al ? " How to come out with an artwork using light painting photography technique? 1.3 Objectives " To identify the impact of photography towards the Ibans culture " To analyze the art fundamentals on the Ngepan Batang Ai " To come out with an artwork using light painting photography technique.
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1.4 Scope of research This research is about the Than culture. Light painting photography technique will be use to photograph the Than traditional costume that is Ngepan Batang Ai . The subject matter will be a lady wearing traditional costume for the outcome of this research. 1.5 Significance of the Research " Recognizing photography approaches that can be used to represent Iban's traditional costume. " Studying and examining the process of light painting photography technique to represent the Than culture.
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SLIDE 14 CHAPTER II
LITERATURE REVIEW Introduction This research is gathered and validate by the researcher to prove the research evidence that had been conducted. A literature review is to explain, to anticipate and review the information from journals and reference books in the new research. Following this, literature review is the structure that can support the research. According to Richard A (2013), literature review is to elucidate, anticipate and review the information available from journals and reference books. Moreover, it also the structure that can support the research and broaden the knowledge and thus to trigger the new ideas. Next, to find
- ut the information from reliable sources that related to light painting photography.
2.1 Culture According to Oxford Dictionaries, culture is the ideas, customs, and social behavior of a particular people of society. As mentioned by Williams (1958), "culture is the complex and broad set of relationships, values, attitudes and behaviors that bind a specific community consciously and unconsciously.
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SLIDE 15 Bates and Plog (1990, pg. 7) also mention that "the culture is the system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that the member of society cope with their world and with one another, and that are transmitted from generation to generation through learning. 2.2 Than ethnic " Croset had mention that "the Iban, or Sea Dayaks, were a complex society. Fearless headhunters in war, they lived in peace humanely and, in some ways, democratically in longhouses along the rivers of Sarawak"' " According to Peter Kedit a member of Ethnology Sarawak Museum, the Than people emigrated from the East Borneo to Sarawak in the middle of 16`h
historical legends said that the Iban's originated from Kapuas, Kalimantan,
- Indonesia. They migrate by using the main river routes from Lubok Antu
(Kalimantan boarder), to the northern of Sarawak. " In 2011, as stated by the Department of Statistics Malaysia, Than ethnic population recorded 30.3% , making it the largest population in Sarawak. " As mentioned by Hays (2008), the Sea Dayaks normally known as the Ibans, are the Dayak Communities of Borneo populating traditionally the mid level hills and delta plains of Borneo.
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SLIDE 16 2.3 Than traditional costume " Basically, ngepan indu Than differs from one tribe to another and mainly geographically influenced and also based on the trading trends in the olden days. For instance, tribes located near Baram would be using more beads compared to those in Saribas area and the usage of metal is due to Chinese merchants coming in bringing accessories of such metals to the Borneo Island. " These statement was supported by (Wan, 2013) that big gongs (tawak-tawak) and earthenware jars (tajau lama) has the image of dragon originated in China and those copper artillery, ancient chinaware, gongs used mainly for dancing and ceremonial
- ccasions , are a status symbol for the Dayaks community.
" Than traditional costume for the Than women is "Ngepan Indu Iban, whereas for men called "Ngepan Laki Iban" been worn during special occasions, ceremonies, dance and rituals. As mentioned by Zeppel (2006), the people, especially in the longhouse are encourage to wear traditional costume to welcoming visitors and during cultural activities.
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SLIDE 17 2.4 Ngepan Batang Ai Ngepan Batang Ai originated from Lubok Antu (Sri Aman district). Full set of original Ngepan Batang Ai consist of :
- 1. Sugu Tinggi (Tiara headdress)
- 2. Lampit
- 3. Tumpa tusun or tumpa bentuk
- 4. Tumpa rangkuppandak
- 5. Rawai pandak pirak ( Silver coilt rawai)
- 6. Kain kebat ( Pua Kumbu woven skirt)
- 7. Kain sungkit (Pua Kumbu woven skirt)
- 8. Gelang kaki geruncong (anklet)
- 9. Tali pirak leka peria
- 10. Sementing ringgit
- 11. Duit tungkat / duit ringgit
- 12. Buah pauh (orb shaped silver purse)
- 13. Cucuk sanggul
- 14. Sugu cam/sugu puntul
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SLIDE 18
Picture 1 : Ngepan Batang Ai during the old days. Image source : Pinterest, Retrieved from httl)s: //www. ninterest. co. uk/pin/43178'-)683007100742/? Ip=true
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SLIDE 19 Picture 2: Ngepan Batang Ai ( Source : Mr Freddie Ambrose)
2.5 UNIQUENESS
" Based on Picture I above, a lady did not wearing "marik empang" or beaded collar if compared to Picture 2. It is because the attire have been through modernization . Nowadays, it is compulsory for a lady, especially for those who join "Pekin Kumang" or beauty pageant to wear a "marik empang" to cover the chest area ( C. Fenninmore, personal communication, May 26,2018)
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SLIDE 20 " (B. Shirley , personal communication, March 12, 2018) had mention that this Ngepan Than could weight up to seven (7) kilogram and sometimes the wearer could not bear the weight. As stated by (Tettoni & Ong, 2001, p. 61) " the tiara headdress (sugu tinggi), to her anklet, her total silver accessories could weight several
- kilograms. Related to this, past official reports recorded river accidents where
maidens have drowned, weighed down by their silver rawai corsets and belts of silver dollar coins.
2.6 Light painting photography
" As stated by Abidin (2014), The word photography derives from the Greek word "photos "(fight) and " graphe "(drawing) and thus, photography is to paint with
- light. It is crucial to understand the scientific concepts behind those image were
produced.
" Light painting photography is one of the technique used in capturing an image in a creative way. According to Miedza and Woellert (2011), " light painting method use an optical recording mechanism to "freeze" people, places and objects into image that remain for posterity. " " Light painting as mention by Keimig (2016) depic a situation when light is added to light up the subject of the photograph, originating from either outside or inside,
- ut of the frame but the source(light) is hidden from the camera.
" Light can be use to create shapes or lines in the images. According to (Dantzig, 2010), main lights, also called key light are the primary source of illumination for the images. They provide the base exposure and determine the direction of the light.
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SLIDE 21
They also establish the pattern of shadows and highlights that determine the lighting style of the image. " In relation to this statement, Cooper (2014), light painting is using flashlight to illuminate and draw the subject. However, the use of natural light provided by the sun, the sky, moon light, and artificial sources like street lamp, incandescent, fluorescent, LED and studio strobe also can be utilize to paint the subject. Researcher plan to apply these kind of light to draw and shaping the human figures later.
" Light painting photography is the art form of using handheld lights to paint or draw in a scene while the shutter of a camera is left open during a long exposure photograph.
2.7 How photography act as a visual message ? Photography is one of the powerful tools not only to communicate but also act as a medium to convey a message. Visuals are said to be more effective compared to written word. For example, a photograph of an innocent child and got a lot of bruises all over his body. This, automatically for us, as a viewer may thought that the child had been abused. As Steve Mc Curry said,
"the photograph is undeniable powerful medium. Free from the constrain of language, and harnessing the unique qualities if a single moment frozen in time"
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SLIDE 22 2.8 Visual arts According to Cambridge University, visual arts defined as the arts of painting, drawing, sculpture, photography, rather than literature and music.
The visual arts is the arts that can be seen visually. Visual arts consist of drawing, design, photography, filmmaking, printmaking, sculpture, ceramics and architecture. The
- utcomes of the visual arts could be in 2 dimensional or 3 dimensional.
Artworks that involving visual arts require the art fundamentals that is : Line Line is define by a point moving in space. It may be two-dimensional,
implied, descriptive or abstract. Shape Two dimensional, flat or is limited to with and heights Value it refers to the darkness and lightness of tones or colours. Black is the darkest, meanwhile white is the lightest value. Space Positive and negative areas are define Form An elements of arts that is three dimensional and enclosures volume, height, width and depth Texture It refers to the way things look or feel.
Colour This elements is made up by three properties namely hue, value and intensity
" Hue: name of the colour " Value: hue's lightness and darkness
" Intensity: quality of brightness and purity (high intensity =colour is strong and bright; low intensity-colours is faint and dull)
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SLIDE 23 CHAPTER III Methodology Introduction
Methodology refers to the ongoing processes and perspectives for research. The purpose
- f the case study was to identify the whole process of light painting photography technique
applied on human. Furthermore, the researcher would like to identify the potential of photography approach to convey a message through visuals. Therefore, all views and feedback were gathered according to the procedures, as an evidence in research and references conducted for this study. According to Business Dictionary, "methodology is the process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions. The methodology may include publications research interviews, surveys and other research techniques, and could include both present and historical
In this research, mixed method approach is being used by a researcher. It involves the use
- f both quantitative and qualitative methods. Researcher then will compare the strengths
and weaknesses on this two methods, and thus it will be more complete and generalize the research results.
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SLIDE 24
Source (a) Books
References were made by referring to books from Centre for Academic Information Services (CAIS), University Malaysia Sarawak related to the research title. Examples of books included Painting With Light written by Joerg Miedza and JanLeonardoWoellert, The Visual Dictionary of photography by David Parkel and Photographer's Exposure Handbook by Jack Neubart. However, the researcher obtained a limited source of books from CAIS. Next, the information from each book was collected and summarized to create a broad view of the whole research. As a result, a good quality of information was gained through the reliable and trusted sources. (b) Webs References also made by browsing the related information on web. Most of the information gained was from web. Google and Google Scholar were used to discover the information related to light painting photography; camera setting and material needed. The researcher also browsed and viewed some of the blogs and articles related to the issues in the light painting photography. However, it is crucial to ensure the authenticity of the information source.
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