neural circuits Lennart Oettl 2.11.2018 Oxytocin Discovered by - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

▶
neural circuits
SMART_READER_LITE
LIVE PREVIEW

neural circuits Lennart Oettl 2.11.2018 Oxytocin Discovered by - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 22, 2022 288 likes •667 views

Oxytocin modulation of neural circuits Lennart Oettl 2.11.2018 Oxytocin Discovered by Sir Henry H. Dale in 1906 Sir Henry Dale, 1904 Wellcome Physiological Laboratories Oxytocin Sir Henry Dale, 1904 Wellcome Physiological Laboratories

slide-1
SLIDE 1

Oxytocin modulation of neural circuits

Lennart Oettl 2.11.2018

slide-2
SLIDE 2

Oxytocin

  • Discovered by Sir Henry H. Dale in 1906

Sir Henry Dale, 1904 Wellcome Physiological Laboratories

slide-3
SLIDE 3

Oxytocin

Sir Henry Dale, 1904 Wellcome Physiological Laboratories

slide-4
SLIDE 4

Oxytocin

  • Discovered by Sir Henry H. Dale in 1906
  • nine-amino-acid neuropeptide, (sequence elucidated

in 1953)

  • Greek meaning: ‘‘quick birth’’
  • Mainly known for its physiological roles :

uterine contractions during parturition and milk ejection.

Sir Henry Dale, 1904 Wellcome Physiological Laboratories

slide-5
SLIDE 5

Oxytocin

  • Discovered by Sir Henry H. Dale in 1906
  • nine-amino-acid neuropeptide, (sequence elucidated

in 1953)

  • Greek meaning: ‘‘quick birth’’
  • Mainly known for its physiological roles :

uterine contractions during parturition and milk ejection.

Sir Henry Dale and Otto Loewi

slide-6
SLIDE 6
  • synthesized in the paraventricular (PVN) and supraoptic (SON) nuclei of the

hypothalamus

  • two types of OT neurons (magnocellular and parvocellular neurons) have

been identified (Swanson and Kuypers, 1980)

Ludwig & Leng, 2006

slide-7
SLIDE 7
  • classical view:
  • magnocellular OT neurons -> posterior pituitary (release OT into the blood

circulation)

  • parvocellular OT neurons -> exclusively to hindbrain areas, where local release of OT

modulates vital body functions.

slide-8
SLIDE 8

magnocellular parvocellular

slide-9
SLIDE 9

Althammer & Grinevich 2017 magnocellular parvocellular

slide-10
SLIDE 10

Romanov et al 2016

More than 2 types of Oxytocin neurons?

slide-11
SLIDE 11

Romanov et al 2016

More than 2 types of Oxytocin neurons?

slide-12
SLIDE 12

Distribution of oxytocin fibers in the brain

Knobloch et al 2012

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Distribution of oxytocin receptors in the brain

Mitre et al 2016

slide-14
SLIDE 14

How does OT reach its targets in the brain?

  • volume transmission (release from hypothalamic dendrites followed by

diffusion in the extracellular space to other brain areas)

  • local axonal release
slide-15
SLIDE 15

Oxytocin Modulation of Behaviour

Pedersen et al 1982

slide-16
SLIDE 16

Kendrick et al., Science, 1992

Oxytocin Modulation of Behaviour

slide-17
SLIDE 17

Kendrick et al., Science, 1992

Oxytocin Modulation of Behaviour

slide-18
SLIDE 18

Insel & Young 2001

Oxytocin Modulation of Behaviour

Prairie vole: monogamous Montane vole: polygamous (Prairie vole)

slide-19
SLIDE 19

Oxytocin Modulation of Human Behaviour

slide-20
SLIDE 20

Young & Barrett 2014

Oxytocin Modulation of Human Behaviour

slide-21
SLIDE 21

Young & Barrett 2014

Oxytocin Modulation of Human Behaviour

Kirsch et al 2005

slide-22
SLIDE 22

Young & Barrett 2014

Oxytocin Modulation of Human Behaviour

slide-23
SLIDE 23

Oxytocin Modulation of Human Behaviour

Nagasawa et al 2015

slide-24
SLIDE 24

Oxytocin Modulation of Human Behaviour

Nagasawa et al 2015

slide-25
SLIDE 25

Oxytocin Modulation of Human Behaviour

slide-26
SLIDE 26

Oxytocin Modulation of Neural Circuits

Muhlethaler et al 1984 CA1 pyramidal neuron Non-pyramidal neuron

slide-27
SLIDE 27

Oxytocin Modulation of Neural Circuits

Owen et al 2013

slide-28
SLIDE 28

Oxytocin Modulation of Neural Circuits

Tirko et al 2018 CA2 pyramidal cells (K+ channel)

slide-29
SLIDE 29

Nakajima et al 2014

Oxytocin Modulation of Neural Circuits

slide-30
SLIDE 30

Oxytocin Modulation of Sensory Circuits

Marlin et al 2015

slide-31
SLIDE 31

Oxytocin Modulation of Sensory Circuits

Marlin et al 2015

slide-32
SLIDE 32

Oxytocin Modulation of Sensory Circuits

Walum & Young 2018 Oettl et al 2016 Grinevich & Stoop 2018

slide-33
SLIDE 33

Oxytocin Modulation of Sensory Circuits

Oettl et al 2016

slide-34
SLIDE 34

Oxytocin Modulation of Sensory Circuits

slide-35
SLIDE 35

Oxytocin Modulation of Sensory Circuits

Zheng et al 2014

slide-36
SLIDE 36

Outstanding questions

  • Not much is known about the natural release of oxytocin in response

to natural stimuli

Hung et al 2017

slide-37
SLIDE 37

Conclusion

Walum & Young 2018

  • Oxytocin might play a general role in

facilitating the flow of social information across multiple brain regions

  • (E-I balance, SNR)