Near-IR Spectral Mapping on the Multiple Outflows around LkH ⍺ 234 Heeyoung Oh (SNU) Co-workers: Tae-Soo Pyo (Subaru Telescope) Bon-Chul Koo (SNU) In-Soo Yuk (KASI) Byeong-Gon Park (UST, KASI) and IGRINS TEAM 2017 IGRINS Workshop July 27-28, @KHU NGC 7129, Subaru/HSC
Why Study YSO Outflow? • Accretion/outflow is essential accretion/ in star/planet formation outflow • Outflow removes angular momentum of infalling Class 0 material for growth of stellar seed • Outflow is fossil records of star Class I formation history • YSO outflow is close to us: many samples, can be adopted Class II to other astrophysical jets Andre (2000) July 28, 2017 2
YSO outflow with IGRINS 4.3-m DCT Shock tracer: • Optical Herbig-Haro Objects (H α , [S II], [O I], etc.) • NIR H 2 and [Fe II] emission lines 2.7-m HJST/McDonald HH 212, L1551-IRS5 NIR H 2 NIR H-band, [FeII], H 2 . Hayashi & Pyo (2009) ESO/M. McCaughrean Advantages of NIR, High-resolution 2D spectra: • Complex multiple outflows spatially overlapped • Dense molecular cloud • Spectral mapping (3D datacube) July 28, 2017 3
Background Motivation • Massive star formation? — not understood well, form in multiple, filamentary structure • Alignment & orientation of disk/outflow in multiple protostars? • Multiple outflows having similar PA: ex) IC 1396-N, Oph A, IC 1396-W (Nisini et al. 2001; Kamazaki et al. 2003; Froebrich & Scholz 2003) LkH α 234 region is good sample • NGC 7129 star formation region at 1.25 kpc • Intermediate-mass star LkH α 234: Herbig Be, ~8.5 M ☉ , age ~10 5 yr • VLA continuum, millimeter, mid-IR sources (VLA 1,2,3 & MM1) : Sequential star formation in filament (Girart+ 2016) • Outflow: CO, [S II], H 2 , water masers in similar PA, Cavity & “PDR ridge” • Oh et al. (2016): Identification of new [Fe II] jet from VLA 3B, High- velocity H 2 gas (>100 km/s) July 28, 2017 4
CO / [S II] Outflow LkH α 234 Blueshifted [S II] jet CO red lobe NGC 7129, Subaru/HSC July 28, 2017 5
CO / [S II] Outflow LkH α 234 Blueshifted [S II] jet CO red lobe July 28, 2017 6
H 2 Outflow H 2 2.12 μ m July 28, 2017 7
CO / [S II] Outflow VLA1 MM1 VLA2 VLA3 LkH α [Fe II] jet 234 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0 μ m July 28, 2017 8
IGRINS spectral mapping & slit position NGC 7129 center, CFHT H 2 narrow-band SP1 SP3 15 ʺ x 4.3 ʺ mapping SP2 Redshifted knots Spectral mapping on blueshifted lobe LkH α 234 “PDR ridge” SP4 Mapping: IGRINS/McD (August 2015) Single slits: IGRINS/DCT (November 2016) Previous study: Oh+2016 Purpose • Kinematics and shock properties in 3D • Orientation & driving source of multiple outflows July 28, 2017 9
Data Reduction H K H 2 2.122 [FeII]1.644 [Fe II] and H 2 : NIR outflow tracers • IGRINS Pipeline Package: Sky subtraction, flat fielding, bad pixel correction, aperture extraction, wavelength calibration. • Plotspec by Kyle Kaplan (IGRINS 2D spectra tool): Continuous 2D spectra of all the IGRINS H- and K-band orders, removal of stellar photospheric absorption lines from the standard star, telluric correction, and relative flux calibration, continuum subtraction. (https:// github.com/kfkaplan/plotspec) July 28, 2017 10
Spectral Mapping: Monochromatic Image a b c VLA2 VLA1 MM1 (SiO & H 2 O jet) (radio jet) (H 2 jet) LkH ɑ 234 P P A A 2 4 2 0 2 5 VLA3 A,B (radio & NIR jet) CFHT H 2 IGRINS H 2 IGRINS [Fe II] Velocity integrated over -180 ~ +60 km/s • H 2 : multiple peaks in knot A (note effect from cont. subtraction). PA 225 from MM1. • [Fe II]: different axis from H 2 , PA 240 from VLA 3 (As suggested by Oh+2016) July 28, 2017 11
Spectral Mapping: Channel Map H 2 1-0 S(1) [Fe II] 1.644µm (V width = V center ±10 km/s, V sys = -11.5 km/s) • H 2 & [Fe II] are different in both position & velocity • H 2 : Dominant in low velocity & weak high-velocity. Complex multiple components. • [Fe II]: Strong high-velocity. Traced by one axis with PA 240. • Four different outflow features: PA 240, PA 225, A1 ʹ , A2 ʹ . July 28, 2017 12
Red lobe & PDR ridge: H 2 1-0 S(1) PVDs SP1 NGC 7129 center, CFHT H 2 narrow-band ~65 ʺ from YSOs Few km/s redshifted from SP1 V sys SP2 Spectral SP3 mapping Redshifted Similar distance from @McD knots SP2 sources but different position & velocity: LkH α 234 SP3 Different origin? “PDR ridge” SP4 SP4 V FWHM <7 km/s @ Vsys. July 28, 2017 13
Multiple Outflows Origins & Axis • PA 240: Strong [Fe II] & weak H 2 . Aligned well with VLA 3B (Oh+2016). • PA 225: H 2 jet from MM1 (Cabrit +1997). • Peak A2 ʹ : on the axis of PA 225, but redshifted. — 1) wide angle outflow from MM1, 2) NIR counterpart of H 2 O jet of VLA 2, 3) interaction between two outflows? • Peak A1 ʹ : origin not clear. VLA3 or VLA 2? Multiple Counter Jet • SP2 knot: ~100 km/s, traced by PA 240 (VLA 3B jet), high-velocity [Fe II] & H 2 . • SP 3 knot: low velocity, on PA 225: H 2 jet from MM1, but also aligned with VLA 1 radio jet. • SP1: not clear. — far (65 ʺ ) from the sources. Similar velocity to SP3. July 28, 2017 14
Summary 1. High-R, NIR spectral mapping allowed us to distinguish multiple outflows using channel map. 2. H 2 emission: complex multiple outflow, with/without counterparts in [Fe II] and/or [S II]. 3. Around LkH α 234, there are at least three different NIR outflows from MM1, VLA 2, & VLA 3 showing similar PA. 4. We reconfirmed that the source of [Fe II] jet n Oh et al. (2016) is VLA 3B. 5. We revealed redshifted counterparts of multiple outflows. 6. H 2 line ratios from fast & slow gases are similar, indicating C- shock (or +J-shock).
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