NATO Science for Peace SfP-982620 Sahara Trade Winds to Hydrogen: - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Kick-Off Meeting

Khalid Benham ou Managing Director - Sahara W ind I nc. Partner country Project Director ( PPD)

29th – 30th November 2007, Rabat Morocco

NATO ‘Science for Peace’ SfP-982620 Sahara Trade Winds to Hydrogen: Applied Research for Sustainable Energy Systems

• Energy Security and the environment: Resource

limitations – the push for renewables

• Energy access: A social priority
• Enabling technologies for integrating renewables – a

new approach

• Capacity building: Potential for synergies and

coordinated approach involving Industry, Education and Science

• The Sahara Wind Project

North Africa’s energy challenges: energy access, resource limitations and economic sustainability Morocco: 96% energy dependency from fossil fuels (imported) The case is very similar in most sub-Saharan Countries 1.6 Billion people do not have access to Electricity Worldwide situation is simply not acceptable… nor accepted! Saharan Countries Total installed electric generation capacities: Mauritania 120 MW, Senegal 239 MW, Mali 280 MW, Niger 105 MW, Chad 30 MW Sahara Wind Energy Development Project Sahara Wind Energy Development Project

NATO Wor Workshops shops on

• n Secu

Security rity Related Related Issues: Issues: Energ Energy Access Access

Land degradation, desertification and dem Land degradation, desertification and demogr graphic pressure on larg aphic pressure on largely agricultural based ely agricultural based societies (most vulnerable to climate chan societies (most vulnerable to climate changes) tends to genera ges) tends to generate te econom economic d ic distress… stress…

‘Cayucos’ ‘Cayucos’ Boats carry

• ats carrying il

ng illega gal im l immigrants off the Canaries Islands migrants off the Canaries Islands

NATO Security Related Issues: Illegal Immigration NATO Security Related Issues: Illegal Immigration

NATO Security NATO Security Related Is Related Issues: Illegal Imm sues: Illegal Immigration gration

Fishing is a Traditional Economic Activity

‘Cayucos’ ‘Cayucos’ fishi ishing vesse ng vessels i ls in Sub- Sub-Sa Saha haran Af ran Africa rica

(Si (Similar technology as Wind ar technology as Wind Turbine wood Turbine wood epoxy blades) epoxy blades)

Power generation capacity by type of plant in EU-25, 1995-2030.

1995 2000 2010 2020 2030 2000 2030 Nuclear 134.7 140.3 129.8 108.0 107.8 21.4 9.5 Large Hydro (pumping excl.) 91.0 93.9 95.8 96.3 97.0 14.3 8.6 Small Hydro 2.0 2.1 8.1 12.2 14.5 0.3 1.3 Wind 2.5 12.8 73.5 104.7 135.0 2.0 11.9 Other renewables 0.0 0.2 0.5 0.7 14.3 0.0 1.3 Thermal plants 381.4 406.1 484.8 639.0 762.9 62.0 67.4

• f which cogeneration plants

80.7 93.2 117.6 150.9 179.5 14.2 15.9 Open cycle - Fossil fuel 339.4 335.2 278.9 210.0 196.8 51.1 17.4 Clean Coal and Lignite 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.8 5.5 0.0 0.5 Supercritical Polyvalent 0.0 0.0 0.8 55.3 126.3 0.0 11.2 Gas Turbines Combined Cycle 20.0 47.3 173.3 313.8 367.4 7.2 32.5 Small Gas Turbines 21.2 22.7 30.6 57.8 65.5 3.5 5.8 Fuel Cells 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Geothermal 0.7 1.0 1.2 1.3 1.4 0.2 0.1 Total 612 655 793 961 1132 100 100 current EU 539 579 689 813 951 88 84 acceding countries 73 77 104 148 181 12 16 Source: PRIMES, ACE. GWe %Share EU DG Transport and Energy: P EU DG Transport and Energy: Prev evisions of installed electric ge isions of installed electric generating c nerating capacities in Europe pacities in Europe

Eur European Ener pean Energy Securi Security: Pr : Profile of Elect

• file of Electric

icity Sup y Supply Sour Sources (2003) ces (2003)

‘HySociety’ (EU funded 2003-2005) project conclusions:

Prerequisite Strategic question on Hydrogen energy: Energy Supply

HySo HySocie ciety scena cenario (2030) 20% Energ rio (2030) 20% Energy end u end use of E e of EU-25

• 25

= > 85 million Hydrogen Fuel Ce = > 85 million Hydrogen Fuel Cell vehicles in EU (25 MT H ll vehicles in EU (25 MT H2)

• Savings in EU prim

vings in EU primary energy demand in tran ary energy demand in transpor sport sector by 203 t sector by 2030: 0: 5% only! 5% only!

• Emissions reductions in EU tran

Emissions reductions in EU transport sector by 203 sport sector by 2030: 5% only! 0: 5% only! Wh Why? 85% of that hydr y? 85% of that hydrogen is derive

• gen is derived from fossil fuels (HySociety

d from fossil fuels (HySociety scenario) scenario) In or In order to be der to be VIABLE a HY LE a HYDROGEN econom DROGEN economy needs to be: y needs to be: Energy efficient Energy efficient, meet emission targets , meet emission targets, an , and sustainable in ter d sustainable in terms of resour s of resources ces = > Hydrogen econom = > Hydrogen economy needs to be closel y needs to be closely associated with renewable energies y associated with renewable energies

It is mandatory that Hydrogen economy opens supply perspectives!

Hydrogen is a clean, universal energy carrier Hydrogen processes “as enabling technologies” in developing sustainable energy systems have greatest potential = > “Harnessing Renewables”

• Hydrogen technologies need to be initially deployed where more

relevant: that is distributed applications with high integration potential. Critical to initiate bottom up process whose gradual integration will enable the building of large sustainable energy systems. = > These will ultimately lead to the building of a hydrogen economy.

Beyond the energy resource debate

Hydrogen, an enabling energy technology Hydrogen, an enabling energy technology

Sahara Wind Energy Development Project Sahara Wind Energy Development Project

Energy Access Energy Access

The Trade Winds along the A The Trade Winds along the Atlantic lantic coast from Morocco to Senegal: coast from Morocco to Senegal: largest, m largest, most productive wind en st productive wind energy potential available on earth. ergy potential available on earth. Wind Energy: fastest growing, mo Wind Energy: fastest growing, most st competitive renewable energy. competitive renewable energy. The erratic nature of winds however, limit The erratic nature of winds however, limit the extent to which wind energy can be the extent to which wind energy can be used. used. In Inter termittency an ittency and grid stability prob d grid stability problems represent MAJOR limiting factors lems represent MAJOR limiting factors (power margins, dispatching, reactive compensation, voltage, frequency regulation, flickers, harmonics…) Mau Mauritania 120 MW ania 120 MW, Seneg , Senegal 239 MW l 239 MW, Mali 280 MW li 280 MW, Ni , Niger 105 M ger 105 MW, Cha Chad 30 M 30 MW

Problems are more acute in weak grid conditions

(handling wind energy fluxes with no interconnection possibilities)

Denmark: Denmark: ‘only’ 22% of electric consumption from wind Ger Germany: Europe's most powerful grid (125.000 MW) 8% from wind energy

Unless Unless far ranging, m far ranging, more advanced energy technologies are considered re advanced energy technologies are considered Wind Energy cannot be Wind Energy cannot be integrated locally on integrated locally on an any significan y significant t scale. scale.

Nort North Atla h Atlantic ntic Nort North Atla h Atlantic ntic Tr Trade W Wind nds Tr Trade W Wind nds

NATO ‘Science for Peace’ SfP-982620

CNRS CNRST Morocco rocco Univ ivers ersity ty o

• f No

Nouakc uakcho hott tt Ma Maur urita itania ia

A strategy A strategy has to be has to be developed for in developed for integrating tegrating Wind/ R Wind/ RE techn E technologies logies. Potential risks of not integrating Potential risks of not integrating a str a strategy: Grid quickly satur tegy: Grid quickly saturates tes to Wind E to Wind Energy ergy (20% Wind easily reached in small grids!) (20% Wind easily reached in small grids!) Hydrogen E Hydrogen Energy Alternative : gy Alternative :

• Holistic approach

Holistic approach

• Broad r

Broad rangin nging, in g, integrated process tegrated process

• Bottom-up capacity buildin

Bottom-up capacity building

• Capitalizing on available hum

Capitalizing on available human re n resources & research institutions sources & research institutions

• Creates research networks sensitized on issue

Creates research networks sensitized on issue

• Prevents energy technology gaps from widening

Prevents energy technology gaps from widening

• Creates synergies with local industries

Creates synergies with local industries

• Potential for technology co-devel

Potential for technology co-development & industr

• pment & industrial in

al integration tegration

• Countries with large Renewable Energy po

Countries with large Renewable Energy potentials & limited energy intensity are tentials & limited energy intensity are more accessible to Hydrogen technologies re accessible to Hydrogen technologies

• Stimulates wider region

imulates wider regional cooperation to al cooperation to support carbon free, support carbon free, sustainable energy sustainable energy technologies on an unprecedented scale! technologies on an unprecedented scale! Wind Energy, Capacity Building and Energy A Wind Energy, Capacity Building and Energy Access ccess Needs to be Needs to be Com Comprehensive rehensive & Integrated & Integrated

Overcoming Limits of Wind Energy Utilization in Weak Grids (Stabilization through Wind Electrolysis, Hydrogen & byproducts integration) Map out wind resource potential as a basis for evaluation of new market

• pportunities in the fields of Renewable Hydrogen, Oxygen, and other

electrolysis by-products. Expand knowledge-sharing opportunities where partnerships in Research- Development and Learning Demonstration can be established Co-development of Electrolyzer prototypes dedicated to specific local conditions/applications (Manufacturer agreements with patent protection Under NATO IPR committee)

NATO SfP-982620 Proj NATO SfP-982620 Projec ect Obj t Objecti ctives es

Norsk Norsk Hydro electrolyzer, KOH t ydro electrolyzer, KOH type 560 pe 560 kW kW 130 Nm3 / hour at 450 psi 130 Nm3 / hour at 450 psi (30 ba 30 bar) r)

Pho Photo: N

• : Norsk

rsk Hydro E ydro Elec ectr trolyser ysers

Sahara Wind Energy Development Project Sahara Wind Energy Development Project

Wind-Hydrogen Electrolyser Wind-Hydrogen Electrolyser types types (Pressurized) (Pressurized)

Norsk Norsk Hydro Electrolyzers 2 ydro Electrolyzers 2 MW each MW each

Grid Stabilization through Wind-electrolysis

Eliminates wind fluctuations effects Enhances power quality, flickers… Frequency control Generates H2 & O2 for back up (spinning reserve), as fuels or for chemical uses.

Wind power is erratic, power output fluctuates Electrolyzers used as grid stabilizing ‘dump loads’

Hydrogen for peak power, spinning reserve, grid stabilization and back-up Special Steam turbine: Converts H2 (Fuel) & O2 (Oxidizer) mixture to Electricity Used for Peak hours:

• Low investment costs
• Large units 50 MW
• High efficiency 70%
• Extremely fast response (ms)

Evaluation of existing technologies maximizing renewable energy uptake in weak grids through Wind-electrolysis

Sahara Wind Energy Development Sahara Wind Energy Development

Integrated Integrated La Large Scale rge Scale Wind- Wind-Hyd ydrogen rogen Production Production

Com Compressor less Wind-Electrolysis-Ga ressor less Wind-Electrolysis-Gaseous Hydrogen GH2 Pipeline system seous Hydrogen GH2 Pipeline system

Hydrogen Storage & GH2 Hydrogen Storage & GH2 Networks Networks for Fuel Market at City gate for Fuel Market at City gate

Sahara Wind Energy Development Project Electrolysis by-products and Hydrogen End User Markets

In Integr tegratin ating Hydr g Hydrogen in

• gen into

to local/ regional econom local/ regional economy: y: Hydrogen could be in Hydrogen could be integrated to tegrated to the region’s main industries the region’s main industries Phosphate Processing Industry: Phosphate Processing Industry:

• Integrate fertilizer industry m

Integrate fertilizer industry most co st comprehensively, beyond export of rehensively, beyond export of phosphate based fertilizers. phosphate based fertilizers.

• Production of A

Production of Ammonia (S nia (Stable H table H2 storage medi storage medium as well) um as well)

• Sea water Alkali-Electrolysis: Chlori

Sea water Alkali-Electrolysis: Chlorine for Phosphoric Acid Production ne for Phosphoric Acid Production

• Phosphor-gypsum recycling (12 Mill

Phosphor-gypsum recycling (12 Million tons/ year currently dumped) ion tons/ year currently dumped) potentially transf potentially transformable into Po

• rmable into Portla

rtland nd C Cement, ( ment, (without a ithout any C y CO2 emissions). emissions). Mining & Iron-Ore Industry: Mining & Iron-Ore Industry:

• Hydrogen: Direct Iron Reduction

Hydrogen: Direct Iron Reduction process (DRI) 4% of prim process (DRI) 4% of primary iron ary iron production production

• Electricity + Oxygen: S

Electricity + Oxygen: Steel Producti eel Production through Electric Arc Furnace

• n through Electric Arc Furnace

(EA (EAF) 45% of world ) 45% of world pr production

• duction

Morocco Morocco

Office Chérifien des Phosphates - OCP Group OCP Group: 19.500 employees (830 engineers), Annual Exports 1 Billion+ Euro, 3 % of National GDP Share

• 75% of the World’s Phosphates reserves
• World’s Market shares: Phosphates 45% , Phosphoric Acid 47% , Fertilizers 12%

NATO SfP-982620 interests in: Wind Electricity, Desalination, Electrolysis for Hydrogen (Ammonia), Oxygen (Oxy-combustion) and Chlorine (Hydrochloric acid for Phosphoric acid production). Water Utilities of Morocco – ONE ONEP: 6.856 employees (14% Engineers or equivalent) 751 Million m3 of potable water per year, 96% of urban population of Morocco 256 Million Euro investments per year NATO SfP-982620 interests in: Wind Electricity, Desalination, Electrolysis for Chlorine, Oxygen

NATO SfP-982620 Sah NATO SfP-982620 Sahara Tr Trade Wind e Winds to Hyd s to Hydrogen en Potential End Users Potential End Users

Maurita Mauritania nia

Société Nationale Industrielle et Minière – SNI SNIM: 4.000 employees, Annual Revenues 600 Million Dollars, 12% of National GDP share 11~ 12 Million tones of Iron-Ore Exports/ year 3 x 80 MW installed co-generation capacity, reverse osmosis demineralization units NATO SfP-982620 interests in: Wind Electricity (Electric Arc Furnaces), Desalination (processes), Electrolysis for Oxygen (Metallurgy) & Hydrogen (Direct reduction of Iron-Ore) & integrated Backup systems. Water Utilities of Mauritania – SNDE SNDE: NATO SfP-982620 interests in: Wind Electricity, Desalination, Electrolysis for Chlorine or Oxygen

Sahara Wind Project hara Wind Project Wind Energy, Capacity Building and Energy A Wind Energy, Capacity Building and Energy Access ccess The critical size of the Sahara Wind Project enables: The critical size of the Sahara Wind Project enables:

• Building a broad pr

Building a broad projec

• ject development platform

t development platform

• Involve Several multilateral institutions

Involve Several multilateral institutions

• Develop

Develop Long Long term strategy (p term strategy (prote rotects project’s concepts & integrity) cts project’s concepts & integrity)

• Su

Sustainable developmen stainable development an t and capacity building objectives can d capacity building objectives can be be leveraged leveraged NATO S NATO Science fo ience for Peace SfP 982620 projec r Peace SfP 982620 project a t a fir first t step int into gradu adual al introduction of state-of-the introduction of state-of-the-art energy technologies.

• art energy technologies.

Fu Further steps: Expan her steps: Expand this platf d this platform in rm into the Sahar to the Sahara/ S / Sahel region ahel region Sahara Wind-Hydrogen demo/ pilot proj hara Wind-Hydrogen demo/ pilot projects (UN ects (UNIDO funding) likely to DO funding) likely to be be included into the International Partnership f included into the International Partnership for the r the Hydrogen Hydrogen Economy Economy (IPHE) G8 + China, India, Bra (IPHE) G8 + China, India, Brazil… zil… list of collaborative projects list of collaborative projects Bridge hydrogen production techno Bridge hydrogen production technologies with needs of developing logies with needs of developing countries. countries.

Joint WB-AfDB UNDP/GEF (PDF-B PIMS #3292) Morocco: Sahara Wind Phase I / Tarfaya (400-500 MW) on-grid wind electricity in a liberalized market:

Nort North Atla h Atlantic ntic Nort North Atla h Atlantic ntic Tr Trade W Wind nds Tr Trade W Wind nds

HVDC

/ Extensions HVDC (5 GW)

Wind-H2 Pilot/demo project S a h a r a W i n d F a r m

NATO Science for Peace SfP-982620

CNRS CNRST Morocco rocco Univ ivers ersity ty o

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Hydro Reverse-Pumping

“Sebkha” Trough (55 meters below sea level) 10 Km

UNIDO(ICHET) Sahara Wind-H2 Demo Projects

Wind-H2 Pilot/demo project

ITAIPU POWER ITAIPU POWER PROJECT PROJECT

• Delivering Electricity:

Largest substation in the world (FURNAS) 2 x 7000 MW towards Brazil (800 km)

• 90 % of Paraguay’s electricity
• 22 % of Brazil’s electricity
• Installed capacity: 14,000 MW HYDRO POWER Electricity
• Project’s Total Costs actualized: 27 Billion US$
• Supplies Power below costs of 2.5centUS$/ kWh = > Economy of scale

7 GW at 50Hz: HVDC Technology (losses: 3% over 800 Km ±600kV) 7 GW at 60Hz: HVAC Technology (losses: 5% over 800 Km 750 kV) Similar costs (1.3 Billion US$) for both systems Beyond 800 Km threshold only HVDC is economically possible

• In operation since 1984

MOROCCO: EMI - ECOLE MOHAMMEDIA DES INGENIEURS ENSAM - ECOLE NATIONALE SUPÉRIEURE DES ARTS ET MÉTIERS ENSET-ECOLE NORMALE SUPERIEURE DE L'ENSEIGNEMENT TECHNIQUE MOHAMMEDIA FST – FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES DE TETOUAN FSR - FACULTE DES SCIENCES DE RABAT FSTM - FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES ET TECHNOLOGIES DE MOHAMMADIA FST – FACULTÉ DES SCIENCES DE KENITRA CERPHOS: CENTRE D'ÉTUDES ET DE RECHERCHES DES PHOSPHATES MINÉRAUX ONEP - OFFICE NATIONAL DE L’EAU POTABLE SAHARA WIND INC. MAURITANIA: FST – FACULTE DES SCIENCES ET TECHNIQUES SNIM – SOCIETE NATIONALE DES INDUSTRIELLE ET MINIERES SNDE – SOCIETE NATIONALE DE L’EAU MAURITEL MOBILE – MAURITEL S.A. ISET ROSSO – INSTITU T SUPERIEUR D’ENSEIGNEMENT TECHNOLOGIQUE ANEPA – AGENCE NATIONALE DE L’EAU POTABLE ET D’ASSAINISSEMENT CRAER – CENTRE DE RECHERCHE ENERGIE RENOUELABLE SAFA – SOCIETE ARABE DES FERS ET D’ACIERS. UNITED STATES: (NPD) U.S DEPARTMENT OF STATE -OFFICE OF GLOBAL CHANGE – BUREAU OF OCEANS AND INTERNATIONAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SCIENTIFIC AFFAIRS (OES) FRANCE: COMMISARIAT A L’ENERGIE ATOMIQUE CEA GERMANY: MINISTRY OF ECONOMIC AFFAIRS AND ENERGY OF THE STATE OF NORTH RHINE-WESPHALIA - M.NRW TURKEY: UNITED NATIONS INDUSTRIAL DEVELOPMENT ORGANIZATION – INTERNATIONAL CENTRE FOR HYDROGEN ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES UNIDO-ICHET

NATO SfP-982620 PROJECT PARTNERS

NATO MEDITERRANEAN DIALOGUE PARTNERS NATO COUNTRIES PARTNERS