Kyle Shotts John Zink Company LLC Combustion Technology in Tank - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Kyle Shotts John Zink Company LLC Combustion Technology in Tank - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Kyle Shotts John Zink Company LLC Combustion Technology in Tank Degassing Applications 1 2 Fuel Ignition Oxygen Source Combustion Triangle 2006 by John Zink Company, LLC C 3 Basic Combustion Stochiometry C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O

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Kyle Shotts John Zink Company LLC Combustion Technology in Tank Degassing Applications

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2006 by John Zink Company, LLC

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Fuel Ignition Source Oxygen Combustion Triangle

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2006 by John Zink Company, LLC

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Basic Combustion Stochiometry C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + Heat

Ignition Source

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2006 by John Zink Company, LLC

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Basic Combustion Stochiometry C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + Heat

Ignition Source

Air = 21% O2 and 79% N2

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Basic Combustion Stochiometry C2H6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + Heat

Ignition Source

Air = 21% O2 and 79% N2 C2H6 + O2N2 CO2 + H2O + N2 + Heat

Ignition Source

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Hydrocarbon Destruction Efficiency = Hydrocarbon In - Hydrocarbon Out Hydrocarbon In

Typical Hydrocarbon (VOC) Destruction Efficiency = 98%- 99.99% Expected VOC Destruction Efficiency Through Combustion

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Main Air

Burner

Pilot

Typical Commercial Combustion System

N

N

O O N

N

O O N

N

O O N

N

O O N

N

O O N

N

O O

(Ignition Source)

Atmosphere

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2006 by John Zink Company, LLC

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Main Pilot Air

Burner

C H C H H H H H O O

N

N O O

N

N O O

N

N O O

N

N O O

N

N O O

N

N O O

N

N

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Main Air

Burner

Pilot

C O H N C H H H H H O O O N N O O N

N

O O N O O N O N N N

N

O O O N N N

Typically 600 - 900 C

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Main Air

Burner

Pilot

O H H N O N N

N

O N N C O O N N C O O H H O H H O

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Typical Chemical Composition of Gasoline Vapors

Auto Ignition Component Vol% Temperature C

Air 58.1

  • Propane

0.6 476 i-Butane 2.9 468 Butene 3.2 414 n-Butane 17.4 427 i-Pentane 7.7 420 Pentene 5.1 272 n-Pentane 2.0 284 Hexane 3.3 247

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What Affects Destruction Efficiency? •

Air / Gas Mixing

  • Operating Temperature
  • Residence Time

Main Air

Burner

Pilot

C H N C H H H H H O O O N N O O N

N

O O N O O N N

N

O O O N N N

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Other Considerations:

  • Smoke

Main Air

Burner

Pilot

C H C H H H H H O O O N N

N

O O O N N N Causes:

  • Too Little Air
  • Poor mixing with Air

C N

N

O O C C C C C C C C C C C C

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2006 by John Zink Company, LLC

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Other Considerations

  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Poor Destruction Efficiency of VOC

Main Air

Burner

Pilot

H H H H O Causes:

  • Too Low Operating Temperature
  • Too Little Residence Time

C C

C H C H H H H H C H C H H H H H C H C H H H H H

H H C O C O O H H H

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Other Considerations

  • Thermal NOx
  • Result of high temperature Nitrogen

cracking

Main Air

Burner

Pilot

O O Causes:

  • Too High Operating Temperature
  • Typically Not Significant Until

Temperatures Reach 1300 - 1500 C

N O O O O N N N N N O O N O O O N O N

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2006 by John Zink Company, LLC

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Pilot Air

TE TIC Typical Combustor in Tank Degassing

Fuel

Nat Gas or Propane

Tank Vapors

Typically 600 - 900 C

(Open)

(Closed)

(High LHV)

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2006 by John Zink Company, LLC

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Pilot Air

TE TIC Typical Combustor in Tank Degassing

Fuel

Nat Gas or Propane

Tank Vapors

Typically 600 - 900 C

(Open) (Closed)

(Low LHV)

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Flammability Limits Upper and Lower Flammability Limits LEL UEL Component Volume % _ Methane 5.0 15.0 Propane 2.1 9.5 Butane 1.8 8.4 Pentane 1.4 8.3 Gasoline 1.4 7.6

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Required Safety Features

  • Vessel Purge Prior to Pilot Ignition
  • Instantaneous Pilot Monitor
  • Anti Flashback Burners
  • Detonation Arresters
  • Automatic Shutdown Valves
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2006 by John Zink Company, LLC

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John Zink Series 2000 Vapor Combustion System John Zink Series 2000 Vapor Combustion John Zink Series 2000 Vapor Combustion System System

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2006 by John Zink Company, LLC

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Disadvantages of Combustion

  • No Halogen Containing Hydrocarbons (No CL or F)
  • Exhaust Contains CO2 and Small Amounts of NOx and

CO

  • Equipment Must be Set in Non-Classified Area
  • Requires Fuel
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2006 by John Zink Company, LLC

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Advantages of Combustion

  • High Rate of Degassing
  • No Waste Left Behind
  • Simple Operation
  • Highly Portable
  • Reliable
  • High Rate of VOC Removal
  • Easily Monitored for Efficiency Without Expensive and Hard to

Maintain Monitors