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Internet Lab (iLab1) Basics Lars Wstrich ilab1@net.in.tum.de - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 11, 2023 •20 likes •240 views

Chair of Network Architectures and Services Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Internet Lab (iLab1) Basics Lars Wstrich ilab1@net.in.tum.de Chair of Network Architectures and Services Department of Informatics

  1. Chair of Network Architectures and Services Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Internet Lab (iLab1) Basics Lars Wüstrich ilab1@net.in.tum.de Chair of Network Architectures and Services Department of Informatics Technical University of Munich Lab 1 – WiSe 2019/20

  2. Outline Internet protocol architecture MAC addresses Internet protocol L3 address resolution 1/20

  3. Outline Internet protocol architecture MAC addresses Internet protocol L3 address resolution 2/20

  4. Layer model Internet example protocols ISO/OSI concept DNS, DHCPv6, HTTP , Tor, 7. application application . . . 6. presentation 5. session 4. transport transport TCP , UDP 3. network network IPv6, ICMP , IPSec 2. data link link Ethernet, WLAN 1. physical 3/20

  5. Example: HTTP communication in a local area network HTTP protocol browser HTTP server TCP protocol TCP TCP IP protocol IP IP Ethernet protocol Ethernet driver Ethernet driver Ethernet 4/20

  6. Example: two networks connected with a router HTTP protocol browser HTTP server TCP protocol TCP TCP router IP protocol IP protocol IP IP IP Ethernet WLAN Ethernet Ethernet WLAN WLAN protocol protocol driver driver driver driver wireless LAN Ethernet 5/20

  7. Encapsulation of data in the protocol stack user data application header user data application data TCP header segment/datagram IP header TCP header application data packet/datagram Ethernet IP header TCP header application data Ethernet header trailer frame 6/20

  8. Terminology network layer SDU IP header network layer PDU Ethernet data link layer SDU Ethernet header trailer data link layer PDU • Protocol Data Unit • Service Data Unit • Interface: service access point (SAP) 7/20

  9. Design decisions • no state between sender and destination • end-to-end principle • separation of packet forwarding and routing 8/20

  10. Destinations • unicast • broadcast • multicast 9/20

  11. Outline Internet protocol architecture MAC addresses Internet protocol L3 address resolution 10/20

  12. Layer 2 addresses/frame • MAC addresses, “physical address” • specific for medium • Ethernet/WLAN: 48 bit 1 bit invividual/group (multicast or broadcast) • 1 bit globally (factory default)/locally administered • vendor and product information • • not hierarchical Why are MAC addresses not used for addressing devices on the Internet? 11/20

  13. Ethernet layer 2 0 15 16 31 destination address source address  type      service data unit     ❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤❤    ❤ 46-1500 ❤ ❤ ❤ ❤ ❤ ❤ octets ❤ ❤ ❤ ❤ ❤  ❤  ❤ ❤  ❤ ❤  ❤ ❤  ❤ ❤  ❤ ❤ ❤  ❤  ❤ ❤   . . .   frame check sequence 12/20

  14. Layer 2 traffic switch PC 0 PC 1 A B C PC 2 PC 0 transmits: 1. destination MAC PC 1 2. destination MAC FF:FF:FF:FF:FF:FF 13/20

  15. Layer 2 traffic switch PC 0 PC 1 A B C PC 2 switch table: port address A MAC PC 0 13/20

  16. Outline Internet protocol architecture MAC addresses Internet protocol L3 address resolution 14/20

  17. Internet Protocol • packet switched • best effort • connectionless • unreliable • no flow control 15/20

  18. IPv6 header 0 3 4 11 12 15 16 23 24 31 version traffic class flow label payload length hop limit next header source destination extension headers or payload 16/20

  19. IPv4 header 0 3 4 11 12 15 16 23 24 31 total length version hdr len DSCP/ECN flags fragment offset identification protocol time to live header checksum source address destination address options or payload Flags will be used for fragmenting packets. 17/20

  20. Internet control message protocol 0 7 8 15 16 31 type code checksum depends • IPv6 next header: 58 • IPv4 protocol: 1 • similarities between ICMPv6 and ICMPv4 • kind of on L3 purpose, e.g., • destination unreachable • time to live exceeded • neighbor discovery 18/20

  21. Outline Internet protocol architecture MAC addresses Internet protocol L3 address resolution 19/20

  22. Neighbor Discovery Protocol A B PC 0 PC 1 2001:DB8::1 2001:DB8::2 C PC 2 2001:DB8::3 Request/response protocol flow • Neighbor Solicitation (NS): What is the MAC of 2001:DB8::2? • Neighbor Advertisement (NA): MAC of 2001:DB8::2 is MAC PC 1 . 20/20

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