Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory Information Visualization Paolo Buono paolo.buono@uniba.it Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 1
Dati Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory ⦿ FedEx: 6 milioni di transazioni al giorno ⦿ VISA: 98 milioni di transazioni al giorno (2005) ⦿ AT&T: 5,4 PB di traffico al giorno ⦿ email: 610-1110 miliardi di email scambiate (2000) ⦿ 800 milioni di foto caricate su internet al giorno (350 solo su facebook) ⦿ 50 miliardi di messaggi scambiati su Whatsapp al giorno (2013) ⦿ Data overload Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 2
Alcuni modi di dire Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory ⦿ “I see what you’re saying” ⦿ “Seeing is believing” ⦿ “A picture is worth a thousand words” Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 3
Definition Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory Visualization is: Use of computer-supported interactive visual representation of data to amplify cognition Shneiderman, 2004 Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 4
Definition Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory Information Visualization is: Use of computer-supported interactive visual representation of abstract data to amplify cognition Shneiderman, 2004 Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 5
Information Visualization Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory ⦿ Use of computer-supported interactive visual representation of abstract data to amplify cognition ⦿ How? Compact graphical presentation to manipulate large numbers of items, possibly extracted from far large datasets (big data) ⦿ Why? make discoveries take decisions explain ⦿ What? patterns groups of items individual items Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 6
More definitions Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory ⦿ “a process of transforming data and information that are not inherently spatial into a visual form, allowing the user to observe and understand the information…” Gershon & Eick, 1995 ⦿ “the communication of abstract data through the use of interactive visual interfaces” Keim et al., 2006 ⦿ “a process of forming a mental model of data, thereby gaining insight into and understanding of that data” Spence, 2007 ⦿ “produces (interactive) visual representations of abstract data to reinforce human cognition; thus enabling the viewer to gain knowledge about the internal structure of the data and causal relationships in it” InfoVis Wiki (http://www.infovis-wiki.net) Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 7
What is Information Visualization Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory ⦿ Visualization is more than method of computing. It is a process of transforming information into a visual form enabling the user to observe the information ⦿ We need to take into account human perceptual and cognitive capabilities, human variations, and task characteristics ⦿ Visualization is more than pretty pictures. Successful visualizations can reduce the time it takes to get information, make sense out of it, and enhance creative thinking ⦿ Information is usually non-spatial data or abstract ⦿ Finding a good spatial representation of the information at hand is one of the most difficult tasks Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 8
Description of InfoVis Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory Information Visualization (InfoVis) is a research area that focuses on the use of visualization techniques to help people understand and analyze data. While related fields such as Scientific Visualization involve the presentation of data that has some physical or geometric correspondence, Information Visualization centers on abstract information without such correspondences, i.e., it is not possibile to map this information into the physical world in most cases. Examples of such abstract data are symbolic, tabular, networked, hierarchical, or textual information sources. The ever increasing amount of data generated or made available every day confirms the urgent need for suitable InfoVis tools. As prerequisite for building a successful visualization, InfoVis combines several aspects of different research areas, such as Computer Graphics, Graph Drawing, Data Mining, Information Design, Cognitive Psychology, and Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), among many others. http://www.dagstuhl.de/de/programm/kalender/semhp/?semnr=10241 Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 9
Information Visualization vs Scientific Visualization Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory ⦿ Scientific visualization is: “The graphical representation of complex physical phenomena in order to assist scientific investigation and to make inferences that aren’t apparent in numerical form. Typical examples include processing of satellite photographs and 3D representations of molecules and fluids to examine their dynamics” Usability first, 2003 ⦿ Scientific Visualization (SV) is focused on visually representing phisical objects and phenomena ⦿ Information Visualization (IV) focuses on more abstract data ⦿ IV tackles applications that deal with data (e.g., Web site accesses) which are outside the scope of SV Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 10
Visualizations in everyday life Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory ⦿ Table in a newspaper ⦿ Train/subway map with arrival/departure times ⦿ Map of a region ⦿ Weather chart ⦿ Stock market graph ⦿ Your product vs leading brand comparison plot ⦿ 3D reconstruction of a body part generated from a CT scan ⦿ Instruction manual ⦿ Highway signs Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 11
special mention: maps Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 12
special mention: maps Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 13
Domains Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory ⦿ Finance ⦿ Engineering ⦿ Medicine ⦿ Physics ⦿ Statistics ⦿ Data analysis ⦿ Simulation ⦿ Marketing / advertisement ⦿ … Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 14
Importance of Visualization Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory ⦿ Billions of potential users ⦿ Huge amounts of existing information Information overload Difficult to make sense ⦿ New visual computing, display technologies, and visualization methods make it possible to represent information effectively Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 15
Importance of good Visualization Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory Same data (a) Equally (uniformly) large (b) Large scale in y scale in both x and y Different scale (d) Scale determined by range (c) Large scale in y of x - and y -values. Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 16
IV influence: continue or abort trial? Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory Linda S. Elting, Charles G. Martin, Scott B. Cantor, and Edward B. Rubenstein, Influence of data display formats on physician investigators’ decisions to stop clinical trials: prospective trial with repeated measures, Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 17 British Medical Journal, vol. 318, pp. 1527-1531, 1999.
IV influence: continue or abort trial? Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory Linda S. Elting, Charles G. Martin, Scott B. Cantor, and Edward B. Rubenstein, Influence of data display formats on physician investigators’ decisions to stop clinical trials: prospective trial with repeated measures, Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 18 British Medical Journal, vol. 318, pp. 1527-1531, 1999.
Jamie’s alternative proposal Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory http://eagereyes.org/blog/2011/visualization-choice-influences-decisions Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 19
Peltier’s alternative proposal Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 20
Tufte about graphical excellence Interaction Visualization Usability & UX Laboratory ⦿ Excellence consists of complex ideas communicated with clairity, precision, efficiency. Graphical display should: Show the data Induce the viewer to think about the substance rather than about methodology, graphic design, the technology of graphic production, … Avoid distorting what the data have to say Present many numbers in a small space Make large data sets coherent Encourage the eye to compare different pieces of data Reveal the data at several levels of detail Serve a reasonably clear purpose: description, exploration, tabulation, decoration Be closely integrated with the statistical and verbal descriptions of a data set E. R. Tufte, the Visual Display of Quantitative Information, Graphics Press, Cheshire, Connecticut, 1983 Paolo Buono – Information Visualization – 24 febbraio 2016 21
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