in Japanese - Class #5 Level 3 Student, teacher, senpai Phrases - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Getting Started in Japanese - 日本語

Class #5

Level 0 About Japanese Written Japanese Grammar Vocab

日本語

Level 1

Hiragana – Part I “Gojyuon” Dakuten ( ゛) Handakuten ( ゜) Noun da/desu Adjective na/i Verbs I, II, III Me, You, Us This, That, What, Where Food and Drink 4 Writing Systems Why Hiragana Mandatory School, Bank, Money Particles / Order Beware of Meaning Particles wa/wo/no Mini introduction This is mine, that is yours What is this, where is it Jyanken (game)

Level 3 Level 2

Hiragana – Part II Katakana – Part I Noun negatives Adjective negatives Masu verbs Numbers, Colors Car, Train, Road Time and Days Emphasis / Tone More places Homonyms Polite vs. Casual Want, Like, Need More about you What do you like This is, that is not Ordering things Katakana – Part II Intro to Kanji Past tense Adjective opposites “Ta” / “Te” verbs People and Family Countries Months and years Student, teacher, senpai Okurigana Phrases interests based on your TBD TBD Kanji Advantages / Disadvantages Japanese names

Level 0 About Japanese Written Japanese Grammar Vocab

日本語

Level 1

Hiragana – Part I “Gojyuon” Dakuten ( ゛) Handakuten ( ゜) Noun da/desu Adjective na/i Verbs I, II, III Me, You, Us This, That, What, Where Food and Drink 4 Writing Systems Why Hiragana is Mandatory School, Bank, Money Particles / Order Beware of Meaning Particles wa/wo/no Mini introduction This is mine, that is yours What is this, where is it Jyanken (game)

Today I will focus on:

Warm Up Exercise

• Repeat after me one time
• Introduce yourself to a classmate

Hajime mashite. はじめまして。 Nice to meet you. Watashi-wa (your name) desu. わたしは はくまい先生 です。 I am White Rice Sensei. (nationality) desu. あめりかじん です。 … am American. (occupation) desu. かいしゃいん です。 … am office worker. (something) ga suki desu. ねこ が すき です。 … cats are liked. Yoroshiku onegai shimasu. よろしく おねがい します。

”Looking forward to getting to know you.”

New Nouns

山 やま yama

Mountain

山

海 うみ umi

Sea / Ocean

海

川 かわ kawa

River

川

島 しま shima

Island

島

New Nouns

犬 いぬ inu

Dog

犬

猫 ねこ neko

Cat

猫

Noun1 wa Noun2 ga Suki (da・desu)

(optional)

Na-adjective Phrase – “I like this”

Definition: N1 likes N2 N2 is something N1 enjoys Examples: I like cats. Baseball is something I enjoy.

*Instead of saying “I like baseball” this phrase literally translates to “baseball is likeable (to me)”

4 Basic Parts of Speech

Nouns – Person, Place, Thing, Idea, Pronouns

• Subject, object, location of sentence

Verbs – Action, State, Occurrence

• The action or change from the sentence

い Adjectives

• Modify nouns
• Easily becomes an adverb

い く な Adjectives

• Modify nouns
• If last in a sentence, end with da or desu

N V na Aい

Present Tense Sentences – Informal “Dictionary”

Noun: N1 は N2 だ。 な-Adj: N1 は na だ。 い-Adj: N1 は Aい。 Verb: N1 は N2 を Vる。

やまださんはかいぐんだ。

yamada-san wa kaigun da.

せんせい はげんきだ。

sensei wa genki da.

にくは たかい。

niku wa takai.

かずはすしをたべる。

Kazu wa sushi wo taberu.

Present Tense Sentences

Noun: N1 は N2 だ。 な-Adj: N1 は na だ。 い-Adj: N1 は Aい。

Noun1 “is” ( something ) Gives an “attribute” for a noun

は is used for each of these

There is NO VERB

Take a deep breath

Verb Phrase – “There is a …”

There are two main “state of being” verbs: – いる – sentient living things (creatures, not plants) – ある – used for everything else (natural or manmade)

Noun1 ga いる Noun1 ga ある Verb Phrase – “There is a …” “There are …”

Definition: There is a N1 The easiest and hardest concept in Japanese. Works for plurals, too! Examples: There is cat. There are mountains.

Verb Phrase – “There is a …” – Practice

There is a … vs. Noun is ( something )

ねこがいる。 Neko ga iru. This phrase uses “is” as a state of being Uses a verb (“iru” or “aru”) Uses the particle ga (in this case) Classified as a Verb Sentence ねこはおおきい。 Neko wa ookii. Uses “is” to describe the noun Grammatically, does not need a “verb” Uses the particle wa (typically) Noun Sentence, na / い Adjective Sentence

There is a cat. The cat is big.

Verb Review!

What particle marks the object of a verb?

を

• / wo

What particle marks the target of a verb with movement?

に

• ni

Verb Review!

What does the “dictionary form” of a word mean?

It is the way the word appears in a dictionary It means verb is not conjugated (we look up go not went)

What hiragana column does every dictionary form of a verb end in?

The u column

Verb Groups in Japanese

• There are 3 groups of verbs Japanese
• Unfortunately each group has many names
• Differentiated by the stem or root

Group 1 “u” verbs go-dan verbs nomu Group 2 “ru” verbs ichi-dan verbs taberu Group 3 Irregular verbs する - suru - to do くる - kuru - to come No stem

Verb Groups in Japanese

Group 1 “u” verbs go-dan verbs Group 2 “ru” verbs ichi-dan verbs Group 3 Irregular verbs する - suru - to do くる - kuru - to come

My recommended approach to verbs:

– Think “conjugate, conjugate, conjugate!” – how does the verb change? – Memorize group 3, there are only 2 verbs in group 3! – If it ends in anything except ru, it’s a from group 1

Group 1 Verbs

Group 1 “u” verbs go-dan verbs

• always end in the "u" column of the hiragana chart in their dictionary "plain" form
• conjugate by changing the final hiragana character to another hiragana in the same row only
• Go-dan means that there are 5 possible endings (go means "five")
• are the only verbs in that end in anything besides る in their dictionary "plain" form

Group 1 verbs:

Go!

Go

行く いく

iku

Bank

銀行 ぎんこう ginkou

に ni

I

私 watashi

は wa

Phrase of the Day ikura desu ka? ・ ______ arimasu ka?

いくら です か？ ・ _______ あります か？

Common Translation: “How much is it?” “Do you have _____?” My thoughts: use this when at a store / convenience store Desu ka? Is a noun question / Arimasu ka? Is a verb question

Questions?

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