Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women Generating evidence on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women Generating evidence on - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 25, 2023 261 likes •481 views

Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women Generating evidence on womens economic empowerment, gender equality and growth 1 CROISSANCE DE LCONOMIE ET DBOUCHS CONOMIQUES DES FEMMES Production de donnes probantes sur

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Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women Generating evidence on women’s economic empowerment, gender equality and growth

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CROISSANCE DE L’ÉCONOMIE ET DÉBOUCHÉS ÉCONOMIQUES DES FEMMES Production de données probantes sur l’autonomisation économique des femmes, l’égalité des sexes et la croissance dans les pays à faible revenu

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Introducing the program

  • Rationale
  • Research themes and

questions

  • Modalities: global research

partnerships

  • Innovating in research

uptake

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Embedded in IDRC’s Supporting Inclusive Growth

  • Inclusive growth not simply a question of

redistribution of growth

  • Operational emphasis: research to promote
  • pportunities for gainful employment and

livelihoods

  • Entrepreneurship
  • Jobs
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Rationale for the ‘GrOW’ program

  • Much progress gender indicators – though with

huge variations

  • More progress on (and knowledge of) progress

education, health – less on ‘economic empowerment’ (also political; WEF data)

  • Disparities continue, including:
  • type and conditions of work
  • access to business, assets, finance
  • wages and other returns
  • care work: unpaid and paid; recognition; confidence

While gender inequality persists, issues, and thus policies, are context specific

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Plus: Global interest how women can play a greater role Gender equality and competitiveness (WEF data)

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Definitions of economic empowerment

OECD: “Capacity of women to participate in, contribute to and benefit from growth processes in ways that recognise the value of their contribution, respect their dignity and make it possible to negotiate a fairer distribution of the benefits of growth” DFID: “a process that increases people’s access to and control over economic resources and opportunities including jobs, financial services, property and other productive assets (from which one can generate an income), skills development and market information” = analytical focus, ‘economic’ part of broader empowerment agenda

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THREE THEMES

  • 1. Barriers to women’s economic empowerment and

to closing gender gaps in earnings and productivity? How can these be overcome?

  • 2. How do specific patterns of economic growth and

types of structural change affect women’s economic empowerment and gender equality?

  • 3. How do women’s economic empowerment and

gender equality affect economic growth?

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  • 1. Barriers to women’s economic empowerment
  • Forms of employment and entrepreneurship that are

empowering

  • Constraints and choices on continuum of self-employment,

wage employment, entrepreneurship

  • Gendered silo of paid and unpaid care work, where

innovation regarding care has been limited

  • Constraints to women’s position in the household, wider

society & economy -> individual choices and agency

  • How can these barriers be addressed

(women’s time; fairness at work; access to finance, assets, business)

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R² = 0.0367 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000 Total Labour Force Participation Rate (% total poupulation aged 15-64) GNI per capita PPP (current international $)

How little we know – global data labor force participation

R² = 0.0207 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 Female Labour Force Participation Rate (% fem. population aged 15-64) GNI per capita PPP (current international $)

GNI and Female LFP

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0.00 10.00 20.00 30.00 40.00 50.00 60.00 70.00 80.00

South Asia West Africa Southern Africa Central Africa East Africa

Labor force participation rate (% of population ages 15-64) in 2011, WDI Female Male

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0.00 5.00 10.00 15.00 20.00 25.00 30.00 35.00 40.00

Central Africa West Africa East Africa South Asia Southern Africa

Account at a formal financial institution (% pop age 15+) in 2011, WDI Female Male

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0.00 1000.00 2000.00 3000.00 4000.00 5000.00 6000.00

Brazil, 2002 Botswana, 2006 Swaziland, 1997 Myanmar ('00), 2005 Sri Lanka ('00), 2007 Kenya, 1997

Wages and salaries (in national currency), ILO

Female Male

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  • 2. Impact of patterns of growth on

women’s economic empowerment

  • Evidence that economic growth

promotes gender equality mixed

  • Some of fastest growing countries

show least signs of progress gender equality

  • Impact patterns of growth on women’s

economic empowerment and care, including competition, liberalisation, technological change

  • When are outcomes of growth more

positive: accompanying policies, education, child care, etc.

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AFG AGO BGD BEN BWA BRA BFA BDI KHM CMR CAF TCD CHN COM ZAR COG GAB GHA GIN HTI IND KEN KGZ LSO LBR MDG MWI MLI MRT MUS MOZ NPL NER NGA PAK RWA SEN SLE ZAF LKA SDN SWZ TJK TZA TGO UGA ZMB

15.0 30.0 45.0 60.0 75.0 90.0 105.0 120.0 2.500 2.750 3.000 3.250 3.500 3.750 4.000 4.250 4.500

Ratio of female to male - Account at a formal financial institution (% age 15+)

Log Per Capita GDP

Economic development and gender equality in LICs: access to finance , 2011 (WDI)

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AFG AGO BGD BEN BTN BWA BRA BFA BDI KHM CMR CPV CAF TCD CHN COM ZAR COG CIV GNQ ERI ETH GAB GMB GHA GIN GNB HTI IND KEN KGZ LSO LBR MDG MWI MDV MLI MRT MUS MOZ NAM NPL NER NGA PAK RWA STP SEN SLE ZAF LKA SDN SWZ TJK TZA TGO UGA ZMB

15.00 30.00 45.00 60.00 75.00 90.00 105.00 2.500 2.750 3.000 3.250 3.500 3.750 4.000 4.250 4.500

Ratio of female to male labor force participation rate Log Per Capita GDP

Economic development and gender equality: Labour Force Participation in LICs 2011 (WDI)

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  • 3. Does women’s economic

empowerment promote growth?

  • Links between gender equality and

economic growth complex and not uniform - need to further investigate relationships in various contexts

  • Pathways through which women’s

economic empowerment contributes to economic growth

  • Hypotheses: more equal economic

participation of women also improve efficiency, productivity and competitiveness, raise incomes, and improve conditions for growth

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Program strategy

  • Combine quality research, strengthen capacity, and policy
  • utreach (research uptake)
  • Competitive global call 15 mid-size research projects, focus
  • n low-income countries (running, deadline October 25)
  • Synthesis of evidence question 3: call expected in 2 weeks
  • Research approaches: focus multi-disciplinary, cross-

country

  • After 5 years, body of evidence and cohort of researchers

better able to address issues of women’s economic empowerment

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Research uptake: how do we enhance policy impact ?

  • At program and project level, national-international:

can these reinforce each other?

  • Benefit from different donors & emphasis
  • Projects :

i. Ensure policy relevance research: what findings would have what implications for what policy and action? ii. Identify targeted audience & policy windows iii. Strategy and means communication stakeholders

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Growth and Economic Opportunities for Women Calls for research proposals: www.idrc.ca\grow www.idrc.ca\cedef

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