Greenway Criteria & Design Guide Webinar September 19, 2019 East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Agenda • Welcome & Introductions • Where & how is the Greenway built? • Helpful terminology • Surface, width, grades • Crossings and on-road facilities • Signage & bridges • On-Road designation exceptions • Questions • Guide update process East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Where & how is the Greenway built? Where is the Greenway built? • Sewer easement • Rail to trail conversion • Riverfront easement • Widened sidepath parallel to roadway Tinicum Sidepath Walnut Creek Trail Hudson River Greenway American Tobacco Trail East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Where & how is the Greenway built? How is the Greenway funded? • Federal (e.g. TAP, TIGER/BUILD program) • State bond funding and state specific programs (e.g. SUN Trail in Florida) • Private foundation and local funding ECCR Trail Schuylkill Boardwalk Spanish Moss Trail Farmington Canal Heritage Trail East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Helpful Terminology East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Helpful Terminology (cont.) Glossary as its own webpage: greenway.org/design-guide/glossary East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Surface , width, grades Surface • Criteria • Easily navigable by all users • ADA accessible (firm & stable) • Considerations • Anticipated user volumes • Types of users • Geographic context • Types • Asphalt • Concrete • Crushed stone East Bay Bike Path- Providence, RI • Boardwalk East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Surface , width, grades (cont.) Material Investment per Mile Less Moderately More Expensive Expensive Expensive •$150k- 350k •$350k- 750k •$750k- 1.5m *Design & construction prices vary by region East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Surface , width, grades (cont.) Asphalt • Accessibility: preferred • Best for: cyclists (esp. commuting), walkers, skateboard/rollerbladers, strollers • Cost: moderately $ • Lifespan: 7-15 yr/avg • Maintenance: more frequent, $1,900/yr per mile • Geographic context: urban, suburban, rural • Construction Considerations: aggregate & binder, drainage, thickness, sub-grade, compaction Head of the Meadow Bike Path- Truro, MA East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Surface , width, grades (cont.) Concrete • Accessibility: preferred • Best for: similar to asphalt • Cost: more $ • Lifespan: 25+ yr/avg • Maintenance: less frequent, good for flood prone areas • Geographic context: urban, suburban Harborwalk- New Bedford, MA East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Surface , width, grades (cont.) Crushed Stone • Accessibility: not preferred, but if firm & stable then ADA • Best for: cyclists (rec & touring), walkers/runners, equestrians • Cost: less $ • Lifespan: 2-5 yr/avg • Maintenance: more frequent, $1,000/yr per mile • Geographic context: suburban, rural • Construction Considerations: material type, aggregate size, compaction, cross-slope, drainage Eastern Trail- Scarborough, Maine East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Surface , width, grades (cont.) Boardwalk • Accessibility: not preferred (unless concrete decking) • Best for: walkers • Cost: more $ • Lifespan: 15 yr/avg for timber, 50- 75 years with concrete • Maintenance: less frequent, good for flood prone areas • Geographic context: suburban, rural • Construction Considerations: material type, railings, water clearance Quequechan River Rail Trail- Fall River, MA East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Surface , width, grades (cont.) Width • Criteria • Goal 12’ • “AASHTO 5.2.1 Width” • Minimum 10’ • 11-14’ for higher user volumes • 8’ in rare circumstances • Considerations • Primary hard tread surface & parallel soft shoulders American Tobacco Trail- Durham, NC East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Surface , width, grades (cont.) Grade • Criteria • “AASHTO 5.2.7 Grade” • Maximum 5% • Considerations • Sidepaths should be ≤ 5%, but can follow the grade of the adjacent roadway East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org Sea Street sidepath- Hyannis, MA
Crossings and Separated on-road facilities Midblock Crossings: signage, refuge islands, raised crosswalks Guidance on Crossings: Small Town and Rural Multimodal Networks, FHWA (2016) Johnson Trolley Line Trail, Lawrence Mass Central Rail Trail, Wayland, MA Township, NJ Don’t Give Up at the Intersection, Designing All Ages and Abilities Bicycle Crossings, NACTO (2019) WB&A Trail with raised crosswalk and signage, Odenton, MD East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Crossings and Separated on-road facilities Midblock Crossings: rapid flashing beacons, refuge islands Jack A. Markell Trail, New Castle, DE East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Crossings and Separated on-road facilities Intersection Crossings: signage, pedestrian and bike signals Newark Riverfront Trail, Newark, NJ Hudson River Greenway, New York, NY East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Crossings and Separated on-road facilities Intersection Crossings: protection and wide turning radii for motorists Lakeside Dr, Oakland, CA Northern Delaware Greenway, Wilmington, DE East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Crossings and Separated on-road facilities (cont.) Separated On-Road Facilities: At-grade with road, including a parallel footpath Top left: 1 st St NE, DC Top right:Top right: Cathedral St, Baltimore Bottom left: Long Wharf Dr, New Haven (parallel footpath to left of cycletrack) Bottom right: Jay St NE, DC East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Crossings and Separated on-road facilities (cont.) Separated On-Road Facilities: Raised sidepaths with and without bike/ped separation Top left: Frankford Greenway, Philadelphia Top right: 58 th St Greenway, Philadelphia Bottom left: Maine Ave SW, DC; Bottom right: Delaware River Trail, Philadelphia East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Crossings and Separated on-road facilities (cont.) FHWA: Separated Bike Lane Planning and Design Guide (2015) ; Bikeway Selection Guide (2019) Massachusetts Department of Transportation: Separated Bike Lane Planning & Design Guide (2019) East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Crossings and Separated on-road facilities (cont.) Figure 3: Seven Principles of Bicycle Network Design FHWA Bikeway Selection Guide (2019) East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Bridges Bridge design specifications: Follow AASHTO and/or NACTO guidance (minimum 8' width) • Plan for both pedestrians and bicyclists • Safety - Bypass dangerous and/or impractical at-grade crossings • Directness - Leverage demand for the shortest path, usefulness • Network necessity - Reinforce need with connectivity on each side • Impact - Flip cost into benefit: safety, economic, equity, environment • Prominence - Create iconic structures as a legacy for future generations • East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Bridges, (cont.) 117 ft long 12 ft wide $1.54 mil Existing RR ROW Farmington Canal Heritage Bridge over Route 6 in Farmington, CT. East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
Bridges (cont.) Bridges vs. Crossings At-grade design solutions: • Should be prioritized instead of a bridge (where possible) • Benefits users by reducing speeds and encouraging multi-modal, sustainable transportation • Help trail users avoid climbing and descending a bridge • Particularly helpful for those with physical disabilities and issues with mobility • Formalize bike/ped crossings that would still likely occur (despite being illegal and less safe) • Cost is much less than engineered bridges • East Coast Greenway Alliance • Connecting people to places, Maine to Florida • greenway.org
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