GNSS-based Lane-level Navigation and Positioning for Driverless Cars - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Mar 08, 2023 357 likes •543 views

GNSS-based Lane-level Navigation and Positioning for Driverless Cars AESIN Conference October 2019 The Navigation Challenge One of the many challenges faced by designers of driverless vehicles has been how to position and navigate a

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GNSS-based Lane-level Navigation and Positioning for Driverless Cars

AESIN Conference October 2019

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The Navigation Challenge

One of the many challenges faced by designers of driverless vehicles has been how to position and navigate a driverless vehicle with “lane-level” accuracy – which is typically defied as 20 – 30 cm accuracy

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Legacy GNSS/GPS Solutions

Legacy GNSS/GPS satellite navigation systems have been challenged to provide a compact and cost-effective solution for the navigation and lane-level positioning of driverless cars

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Are optical sensors and high resolution mapping the answer?

There has been significant investment in the development of lidar and

ptical sensor-based

systems used with high resolution mapping to accurately position an autonomous vehicle in a road or highway

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Probably yes for much of the time….

However, in conditions of poor visibility (e.g. heavy rain, snow or fog) or the optical sensors becoming obscured by mud or dust, the

peration of the sensors can become significantly degraded

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…….can also degrade the performance of the sensors Fog and heavy rain ……..

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So can we use satellite navigation technologies as a complement to

ptical/imaging sensors?

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Resilience to atmospheric conditions

Satellite navigation systems operate in radio bands that are extremely resilient to atmospheric conditions and will continue to provide high quality and high integrity positioning information in conditions that will challenge the performance of optical-base systems

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GPS GNSS Signal Evolution

1995 2005

1575.42 GHz

Today

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Modern GNSS technologies, including Galileo, BeiDou and GPS III, promise high- precision positioning by using multi-frequency signals that employ advanced waveform modulation schemes, such as Alt-BOC and M-BOC.

Next Generation GNSS systems

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Co-ordinated Next Generation GNSS Signals

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But how can we benefit from these new constellations and wide-band signals?

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Diversity in “urban canyons”

Multi-constellation diversity

improves probability of visibility of satellites in urban canyons

Helix antenna has a wider

beam width than conventional antenna technologies

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Wider antenna beam width = More satellites visible

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Reception of multipath signals

degrades the accuracy of the GNSS receiver.

Next generation multi-band BOC

GNSS signals mitigate against multipath signal reflections

Helix

antenna has very high (30dB) multipath rejection

Multipath signals in urban environments

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NEXTGEN Multi-frequency GNSS Antenna

Compact antenna based on dielectric-loaded, multi-filar helix

technology

Physically 13 mm diameter × 33 mm long
Optimised for Galileo E1/E5, GPS L1/L5 and BeiDou B1//B2

GNSS BOC waveforms

Cross-polarisation isolation of the order of 30dB
Stable phase centre
Operation without a ground plane
Beam-width of the order of 130°

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So should GNSS be part of the solution?

Multi-constellation diversity 
Robust operation in challenging weather conditions 
Outstanding positioning performance 
Enhanced performance in multipath environments 

The Helix antenna used with Next Generation GNSS can significantly enhance the performance and integrity of an autonomous vehicle navigation and positioning system

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Helix Technologies believes that the dielectric-loaded, multi-filar helix antenna provides significant performance advantages over incumbent antenna technologies for next-generation GNSS applications