The paper reveals The importance of Egypt's Nile
CURRENT AND FUTURE GNSS AND THEIR AUGMENTATION SYSTEMS GNSS in short GPS GLONASS near future - 2015 GALILEO Compass navigation system In the future Quasi-Zenith Satellite System(QZZS) - Japan Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System (IRNSS) - India
Satellite Based Augmentation Systems (SBAS) system that supports wide-area or regional augmentation through the use of additional satellite-broadcast messages. Such systems are commonly composed of multiple ground stations, located at accurately-surveyed points. The ground stations take measurements of one or more of the GNSS satellites, the satellite signals, or other environmental factors which may impact the signal received by the users. WAAS : Wide Area Augmentation System - USA EGNOS : European Geostationary Navigation Overlay Service – esa MSAS : Multi-functional Satellite Augmentation System – Japan QZSS : Quasi-Zenith Satellite System – Japan GAGAN: GPS Aided Geo Augmented Navigation – India SDCM : System for Differential Correction and Monitoring – Russia
Integrity Improve Accuracy & Insure For existing Continuity GNSS Nixt
The GLONASS System Currently, the only other fully functional GNSS, GLONASS, is developed and maintained by the Russian government. It was created in 1976 and has undergone various transformations and restorations. In late 2011, the system was restored to its complete capacity of 24 satellites, which are located on 3 orbital planes with an inclination of 48° from the equator. The Russian government has been promoting the civilian use of GLONASS, requiring the production of GLONASS compatible vehicles by car manufacturers starting from early 2011. Like GPS, GLONASS transmits on L1 and L2 bands.
The GALILEO System Galileo is a global navigation satellite system (GNSS) currently being built by the European Union (EU) and European Space Agency (ESA), intended for civilian use only. A defining characteristic of Galileo is that, unlike GPS and GLONASS, it was conceived and developed and will always remain under civilian control. While European independence has been a key goal behind the creation of the new system, Galileo is nevertheless 100% interoperable with GPS and GLONASS, making it a fully integrated new element in the worldwide global navigation satellite system, a powerful cornerstone that will allow more accurate and more reliable positioning, even in high-rise cities where buildings can obscure signals.
Galileo will form an important element of MEOSAR, “the Medium Earth Orbit Search and Rescue system” and thus a key contributor to COSPAS-SARSAT, the international satellite-based search and rescue distress alert detection and information distribution system .
Galileo Current and planned signals Structure E1 (1559~1594 MHz), E6 (1260~1300 MHz), E5a (1164~1188 MHz) E5b (1195~1219 MHz). The search-and-rescue downlink signal is transmitted by the Galileo satellites in the frequency range of between 1544 and 1545 MHz
The European Satellite Navigation System & EGNOS EGNOS is the first European SBAS, which enhances the performances of the existing satellite navigation systems (GPS and GLONASS). EGNOS is currently operational: the EGNOS Service Provider has been certified during July 2010 EGNOS entered into operation for Safety of Life in March 2011. EGNOS signal is transmitted on the same signal frequency band and modulation as the GPS L1 (1575.42 MHz) C/A civilian signal function. While the GPS consists of positioning and timing signals generated from spacecraft orbiting the Earth, thus providing a global service EGNOS provides correction and integrity information intended to improve positioning navigation services over Europe.
EGNOS could easily spread the facility of its service to the African region with some adaptations and the sole installation of ground facilities (stations) on the African territory. The Benefits of EGNOS in Africa in Maritime, and other user Domains EGNOS services have positive impacts in maritime applications and transport domains, such as land management surveying, maritime safety along the shores and in approaching ports, rail transportation, and in the oil and mining industry. Enabling RIS (River Information Systems) and increasing efficiency and safety with respect to the current situation, SBAS could contribute to the development of African inland waterways
GNSS Applications in Inland Waterways River Information Services' (RIS) main tasks consists in the electronic position recording of all vessels in the system and their display on an electronic navigational chart, known as the Inland ECDIS. This task is achieved via the efficient use of “satellite positioning” , radio data transmission and adjusted visualization. • Fairway Information Services (FIS) “one -way information from shore to ship” River Information by standardized Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) System (RIS) • Traffic Information Service “ TTI & STI”
• Inland ECDIS • Inland AIS • Inland AIS on Aids to Navigation (AtoN) “this virtual A toN’s Nav-aids may be displayed on an ECDIS chart and might be used to mark a wreck, or to mark a fairway in poor visibility conditions where buoys won’t last, and to mark a dangerous area or no go areas” .
Nile river Facts about the Nile river: The Nile is a major north-flowing river in northeastern Africa. The Nile Basin covers about 10 per cent of the African land mass and hosts nearly 20 per cent of the African population River Nile is one of the oldest rivers in the history Nile receives its name from the Greek “ Neilos ”, which means a valley or river valley It is approximately 6,853 km long, 3126 km in Egypt Nile is actually longer than South America's Amazon.
Importance of NAVIGATION IN EGYPT'S NILE Existing the barges fleet uses in cargo transportation and the tourists through the river Nile In less than a decade, 600 million tons of goods will need to be transported inside Egypt annually country must cope with such a large rise in traffic of cargo Nile has great importance because it will reduce the load on “road transportation system” with the drastically increased of population
The importance of improving EGYPT'S NILE way of cargo transportation and tourism Goods needs to be transported inside Egypt Reduce the load on “road transportation system” Reduce the ever increasing overcrowding on Egyptian motorways Decrease in the air pollution and overall transport cost. Increasing the investment Creation of job opportunities financed by new businesses based on rural cities.
Number of working units Type of Units 2 Floating winches 2899 passengers 48 Research units 1247 Single cargo units About 45 Nile ports 111 Double cargo units 40 Service units 3 Sounding boats 296 Tourist Service boats 357 Towing units 5003 Total units Working river Nile units fleet of different type and different operators
River Navigation Navigation Problems in the river Nile Lack of experience among boat navigators The absence of the suitable navigational aids and landmarks change in the level of the river bed, the navigational information of the channels is not well defined, and continues change of the water level “the variation of water levels, along the River Nile from Old Aswan Dam to Delta Barrages are the significance problems that faces the navigation in river Nile.
Improvement sequences of river Nile navigation Defining the shore line of the river. Production of River Navigational Charts. GNSS Applications for Inland Installation of aids to navigation, which Waterways includes; Watermarks and land mark Institution of control centers. Establish continuous follow system upon the navigational channels Creation of navigation traffic system. Creation planes for the operation of the navigational channels.
Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) technology has evolved over the past years and allowed for expansion into a wide range of sectors, including inland water navigation. It analyses the factors that are driving of GNSS applications in inland water navigation and tracking. The demand on the GNSS applications “RIS” is highly recommended in navigation and tracking in Egypt's Nile, due to its importance, representing a huge economic gain in terms of Nile transportation services provision; contribute to solving the problem of traffic overcrowding and reduce roads accidents, saving lives, and leaving the network of main roads for private cars .
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