Geomaterial Characterization Sub-topics Need for Geomaterial - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Geomaterial Characterization Sub-topics Need for Geomaterial - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 24, 2023 335 likes •552 views

Geomaterial Characterization Sub-topics Need for Geomaterial characterization Geotechnical Mineralogy Morphology Physical Chemical Pore-solution sampling Corrosion potential Sorption-Desorption Thermal Electrical

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SLIDE 1

Geomaterial Characterization Sub-topics

  • Need for Geomaterial characterization
  • Geotechnical
  • Mineralogy
  • Morphology
  • Physical
  • Chemical

Pore-solution sampling Corrosion potential Sorption-Desorption

  • Thermal
  • Electrical
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SLIDE 2

MINERALOGICAL CHARACTERIZATION

  • X-Ray Diffraction (XRD)
  • Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM)
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SLIDE 3

Mineralogical Characterization

XRD Diffractograms

200 400 600 M M M M M M M Q Q M M M M M Q

C-I

100 200 300 400 500 G= Glassy phase M=Mullite Q= Quartz M M M M M M M M M M M M M M

Cu-K (2 Deg.) Relative Intensity

C-II

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

50 100 150 G

GGBFS

Minerals Present in Materials Material Mineral* CS Anorthite, Quartz, Montmorillonite WC Kaolinite, Illite IC Calcite, Clinoptilolite, Opal CT, Illite, Smectite, Palygorskite RSS Quartz, Feldspar, Hematite BSS Quartz, Feldspar FA-I Quartz, Mullite, Hematite FA-II Quartz, Mullite, Hematite C-I Quartz, Mullite C-II Mullite GGBFS Glassy phase * JCPDS 1994 Powder diffraction file, 44, 7354-CD ROM (PDF 1- 44), Int. Centre for Diffraction Data, Pennsylvania, USA.

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SLIDE 4

Minerals the Original and Activated ash samples (treated with NaOH)

Minerals Original Activated Quartz

 

Mullite

 

NaP1 zeolite X

Hydroxy-sodalite X  zeolite

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SLIDE 5

SEM Micrographs (Original ash samples)

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SLIDE 6

SEM Photographs of Activated ash samples

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SLIDE 7

(a) Sample S1F1 (b) Sample S2F2 (c) Sample SA35F2 (d) Sample SA50F3 (e) Sample SA35F4 (f) Sample SA50F5

SEM Micrographs (Original ash samples)

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SLIDE 8

(a) Sample CA8S12F1 (b) Sample CA8S12F2 (c) Sample CA8S12F3 (d) Sample CA8S12F4 (e) Sample CA8S12F5 (f) Sample CA8S12F6

Agglomeration of Ash Particles due to Flue Gas Conditioning

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SLIDE 9

SF BFS

SEM micrographs of Silica Fumes & Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBFS/BFS)

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SLIDE 10

Morphological characterization

Confocal micrographs (2-Dimensional) SS1 SS3 CS3 Optical micrographs (3 D) SS1 Glass beads SS2 & SS3

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SLIDE 11

cir min in max  

 r r S

in max 1 i i  

 r N r R

N

Sphericity, S, =(R+S)/2 Roundness, R, Regularity, ,

rmin-cir rmax-in ri ri

Sample S R 

SS1 0.82 0.61 0.715 SS2 0.76 0.60 0.675 SS3 0.75 0.49 0.625 CS1 0.89 1.0 0.94 CS2 0.92 1.0 0.96 CS3 0.90 1.0 0.95

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SLIDE 12

PHYSICAL CHARACTERIZATION Image Analysis System

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SLIDE 13

1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 20 40 60 80 100

OLA

1E-3 0.01 0.1 1 10 20 40 60 80 100

ALA6

% finer Particle size (mm)

Gradational analysis Ultra-sieves

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SLIDE 14

3 6 9 12 15 18 21 24 27 30 33 36 39 42 45 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400

FA 1 FA 2

Particle size ( m)

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

FA 3 BFS

Number of particles

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000

SF

Soft Imaging (Laser Particle Scanning)

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SLIDE 15

Property FA 1 FA 2 FA 3 GGBFS SF G 2.03 2.3 2.38 2.84 2.1 Specific surface area (cm2/g) 2988 3602 5048 4073 200000 Sand size (>4.75 mm) % ** Silt size (0.002-0.075 mm) % 100 95 90 97 ** Clay size (<0.002 mm) % 5 10 3 ** ** Not applicable

Particle size Range (m) Number of particles Percentage of particles FA-1 FA-2 FA-3 GGBFS SF FA-1 FA-2 FA-3 GGBFS SF 0.0-3.0 944 1295 1410 789 4451 47.6 53.0 53.1 40.3 90.6 3.0-6.0 709 989 1061 816 343 35.8 40.5 39.9 41.7 7.0 6.0-9.0 228 116 148 247 48 11.5 4.8 5.6 12.6 1.0 9.0-12.0 57 17 21 59 33 2.9 0.7 0.8 3.0 0.7 12.0-15.0 24 11 4 16 17 1.2 0.5 0.2 0.8 0.3 15.0-18.0 6 2 2 9 6 0.3 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.1 18.0-21.0 4 1 1 5 2 0.2 0.3 0.0 21.0-24.0 2 5 3 0.1 0.3 0.1 24.0-27.0 1 1 2 3 0.1 0.1 0.1 27.0-30.0 2 1 1 5 2 0.1 0.3 0.0 30.0-33.0 2 6 3 3 4 0.1 0.2 0.1 0.2 0.1 33.0-36.0 2 1 2 3 2 0.1 0.1 0.2 36.0-39.0 1 0.1

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SLIDE 16

Specific Surface Area Determination

BET nitrogen adsorption Absorption of Ethylene Glycol Monoethyle Ether (EGME) method Methylene blue (MB) dye method Mercury Intrusion Porosimetry (MIP) He gas pycnometer Blaine’s apparatus

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SLIDE 17

MIP He gas pycnometer

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SLIDE 18

Blaine’s Air Permeability Apparatus (ASTM C 204) Portland cement as a standard reference material Specific-surface area (SB)

Ss is the SSA of cement (= 0.346 m2/g) e is the void ratio of the sample es is the void ratio of cement (= 0.5) Ts is the time of manometer drop for cement (= 77.18 s) T is the time of manometer drop for the sample

e) (1 T e T e ) e (1 S S

s 3 s 3 s S B

  

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SLIDE 19

Thermo Gravimetric Analysis

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SLIDE 20

TGA and DTA curve for OLA and ALA6 samples (Inert atmosphere) (Dry air atmosphere)

600 200 400 800

DTA TGA

  • Temp. difference ( T)

Endo. Exo. OLA ALA6

Weight loss (%)

20 40 60 80 20 40 60 80 100 100

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SLIDE 21

100 200 300 400 500 600

  • 5.0
  • 4.8
  • 4.6
  • 4.4
  • 4.2
  • 4.0
  • 3.8
  • 3.6
  • 3.4
  • 3.2
  • 3.0

Heat flow (mW)

FA-3

Temperature (

0C)

DSC

200 400 600 800 100 80 60 40 20 Temperature difference(,

0C)

Temperature (

0C)

Weight loss (%) FA-3 DTA TGA

Endo. Exo.