SLIDE 1 Host Institution
Functional fruit foods for managing airway inflammation and protection from pollution
Dr Odette Shaw, Food & Wellness, Plant & Food Research
SLIDE 2 Problem with Pollution
» Air quality/pollution a growing world concern
– Difficult to contain – Seasonal effects
» Air pollution results in the release of
– Heavy metals – Fine and ultra fine particles – Aromatic hydrocarbons – Other organic and inorganic irritants – Ozone, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide, carbon monoxide gases
We expect to see brands addressing anti-pollution and product claims
(Mintel 2015)
SLIDE 3 ‘Pollution Protection’
» Air pollution linked to 3.7M deaths
― 88% deaths in low/middle income countries ― 60% of China had ‘very poor’ air quality ― 38% Chinese worried about respiratory illness ― SE Asia & Western Pacific countries very affected
» Air pollution increases burden
- f chronic & acute diseases:
Asthma, COPD, lung infections, pneumonia, stroke, heart attacks
Export to the Asian market a key target - consumer awareness of the importance
- f immunity high - revenue projected
to increase to US$522.8M in 2018
SLIDE 4
Airway inflammation
» Inhalation of airborne hazards results in:
– immune cell activation & infiltration – increased mucous and cytokine production – oedema, swelling, fibrosis/scarring – Chronic inflammation – tissue damage/loss of function
» Penetrance of particles deep into the lung and potential entry into blood stream
– Act as a site for fibrosis formation – Systemic effects
SLIDE 5
Role of food
» Epidemiological evidence that, in general, diets high in fruits/vegetables prevent or reduce disease impact
– Cancer, heart disease, immune system function
» Clinical studies have reported improved asthma outcomes and reduction of age related lung function decline with diets high in fruits/vegetables
SLIDE 6
Preclinical model of chronic allergic inflammation
Establish Chronic inflammation Intervention Outcome » Cells » Blood » Tissue » Proteins Ongoing inflammation Intervention 2 1 3 4
SLIDE 7
Berry consumption reduced airways inflammation…
OVA + Berry Berry Alone
SLIDE 8
…Through decreased cell infiltration & increased anti-inflammatory protein production
Berry Berry OVA – + + – Berry – – + + iNOS Arginase iNOS β-actin OVA – + + – Berry – – + + Arginase OVA – + + – Berry – – + + Eosinophils
SLIDE 9 And reduced lung fibrosis…
OVA + Berry Berry Alone OVA Naive
OVA – + + – Berry – – + + Treatment
SLIDE 10
OVA – + + Berry – – + OVA CD206 MMP-9 Merge OVA – + + – Berry – – + +
… By increasing MMP-9 production
OVA + Berry BoysB – – + + β-actin TIMP-1 MMP-9
SLIDE 11
Future work -Where we’re going
» Can we identify food products that offer protection against air pollution-induced lung inflammation?
– How will we determine protection? – What is the mechanism behind the protection? – What are the active compounds?
» And can we create food product/s that has benefit to people living in a polluted environment?
– That consumers and industry will want and use
SLIDE 12
Inhaled pollutants » DEP –heavy metals, PAH » Urban particulate matter » Ultra fine particles (pm>4um) Co-morbidities » HDM –asthma » Dysbiosis – antibiotic use » Bacterial or viral infection Outcome measures » Measures that translate into the human setting » Airway resistance/compliance » Cellular infiltration » local effects » Cytokine production » systemic effects Acute and Chronic (repeated exposures)
How we will achieve our goals – preclinical models in development
Using the information from these models identify lead food products for clinical studies
SLIDE 13
Acknowledgements
» Roger Hurst » Elizabeth Forbes-Blom » Jacquie Harper » Greg Sawyer » MBIE programme ‘Fruits for Inappropriate Inflammation’ C11X1002 » NZ Berry Industries
