Energy Storage Alaska Power Association Alaska Power Association - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Energy Storage

Alaska Power Association Annual Meeting August 10, 2012 Brad Reeve Kotzebue Electric Association

Energy Storage

Alaska Power Association Annual Meeting August 10, 2012 Brad Reeve Kotzebue Electric Association

KEA

• Off grid
• Diesel and wind powered
• Started wind program to reduce

diesel consumption

• First wind turbines installed in

1997

KEA

• Average load 2.5 MW
• Installed wind 2.94 MW
• Storage designated = 2.8 MW
• 500 kW output – 7 hours
• Premium Power Transflow 2000

Wind Farm Expansion

Prior Status 17 wind turbines 1.14 MW installed Capacity ~ 90,000 gallons of Diesel/yr saved Current Status 2 Additional Turbines 900 kW in size 2.94 MW installed Capacity Wind Expansion with Battery Storage has the potential to save an over 300,000 gallons of diesel per year!

Advanced Battery Breakthroughs

• Long Life (defined by number of charge and

discharge cycles)

• Cycle lifetime of 5,000 to 10,000 cycle is now

possible

• Charging and discharging daily implies 300 or

more cycles a year, 9,000 cycles in 30 years

• Costs have decreased by 30% to 50%
• $2,000/kW now for 7 hours of storage instead of

$3,500/kW

• Large battery complexes are being built in >1 Mw

sizes

• Acceptable efficiency of 70% or more

Battery NRECA/Kotzebue

• KEA was in the process of acquiring a VRB

Vanadium Redox Battery

• We were in final design when the company

went into bankruptcy

• In 2008 NRECA’s Cooperative Research

Network applied for a American Reinvestment and Recovery Act (ARRA) stimulus grant (50/50 match) to purchase and test flow batteries with 3 other cooperatives

Vanadium Redox Battery (VRB)

Prudent Energy Vanadium Red‐ox Flow Battery

Battery NRECA/Kotzebue

• ARRA grant was not approved
• KEA continued to proceed with a project
• Kauai Electric intended to firm solar power
• Seminole Electric intended to avoid the need for

a new substation

• Several utilities were looking at arbitrage

solutions

• KEA’s intent is to increase diesel/wind plant

efficiency and needs longer term storage

Energy Storage

• Stabilize power from wind turbines
• Ability to store energy from high wind events

(Time shift wind energy to daily peak for fuel savings)

• Allow operation of diesel generators in zones
• f maximum efficiency
• Potentially allow us to operate system in diesel
• ff mode during warmer months
• Frequency regulation and spinning reserve
• Potental of emergency power and blackstart

Basic Zinc-Flow Technology (Plating and de-plating of Zinc)

TransFlow - 2000 Utility-Scale Mobile Energy Storage

Battery Output 2.8 to 3.4 Megawatt Hours

Premium Power TransFlow 2000 Zinc Bromide battery on a trailer 500 kW, 7.4 hours and 3.8 MW -Hr & ~$1 million

Stacks and Pumps

In the assembly area. These are the electrolyte tanks.

Power attachments to battery

Why KEA is interested in the Premium Power Zinc Bromide Battery?

• Lifetime of more than 10,000 cycles of deep

charge and discharge

• Lowest cost battery of all the advanced options

based on CRN due diligence report

• Potentially very low environmental impacts
• PPC ZnBr is UL, FCC, and NFPA certified
• The PPC ZnBr batteries are made in the U.S.
• PPC is well capitalized.
• PPC ZnBr has the potential for fast frequency

regulation and nearly unlimited cycle life.

Energy Storage (kWh) Comparison

Method $ / kW h Pow er ( MW ) Efficiency Lifetim e ( hours) Discharge Tim e ( hrs) Pumped Hydro 250-260 20-2,400 76-83% 11,000+ 10 Compressed Air 550-650 110-290 50-75% 11,000+ 10 NaS (NGK) 2,500- 4,500 .05-50 70-80% 3,000+ 7 Ni-Cad 610-1,700 .01-27 60-65% 1,000+ 4 Premium Power 350-400 .5 70% 30 years 5 ZBB 1,070 .5 77-78% + 2,000 cycles varies Prudent Energy 1637 Varies 85% 10,000+ cycles varies

Power Stability (kW) Comparison

Method $ / kW Pow er ( MW ) Efficiency Lifetim e ( hours) Discharge Tim e ( m in) Lead Acid 1,050- 1,890 .01-10 70-75% 250+ 15 Flywheels 2,500- 4,000 .5-1 90-95% 500,000+ 15 Super Capacitors n/ a .003-.01 90-98% 500,000+ Seconds NaS Batteries 3,000- 4,000 .05-50 70-80% 3,000+ 300 Li-Ion Batteries 1,000- 4,500 .005-1 90-95% 20,000+ 15 Lead Acid 1,050- 1,890 .01-10 70-75% 250+ 15

TransFlow - 2000 Current Status

• Maturing Core Battery technology for manufacturing

scale-up

• Expanded test program has been implemented
• Consulting experts retained to assist in analysis and

technology refinement

• Special test equipment devised to characterize/optimize

component performance

• Extended system cycling operation required to identify

reliable operational parameters

• In-depth manufacturing process assessment for quality

improvements

TransFlow - 2000 Current Status

• TF 2000 Trailer configuration impractical
• High density/compact design difficult to service
• Transportation induced equipment damage
• Limited shipping options and high cost
• ISO Container design and implementation

underway

• Evaluating supply chain for power electronics and

microgrid controls

Next Steps

• KEA did not accept ownership of the unit
• TF 2000 Trailer system will be replaced with a

container system with each quadrant in a separate container

• Replacement unit is scheduled for summer 2013

delivery

Thank You