Education and Development in Pakistan Challenges and Way Forward - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Education and Development in Pakistan Challenges and Way Forward

By: Jorge Sequeira Director / Representative UNESCO Islamabad

Introduction

• Specialised Agency of UN in Education,

Basic Sciences and Culture

• UNESCO Constitution:

“Since wars begin in the minds of men, it is in the minds of men that the defenses

• f peace must be constructed”

Roles and Functions

Main Functions

Standard setter Clearing house Catalyst for international cooperation

Global priorities in Education

Education For All (EFA) – Six Goals of Dakar ESD, ICTs, TVET, HIV/AIDS Ed, Health Ed.

Progress in Education

Commitment to Education For All (EFA) Goals:

• Proposed increase of ed. budget
• Free primary education, abolition of fees, free

textbooks, stipend for girls, etc

• Public private partnerships
• Investment in adult literacy and NFBE
• Concern for quality – NEAS, Teacher training,

improvement of physical facilities

• Curriculum review (every 5 years)

Challenges

• Magnitude of target groups e.g. illiterates and out-of-school youth:
• ver 50m; 20m aged 10-24
• Education budget: around 2.3 % of GDP
• Capacity: inability to plan, utilise funds and meet targets
• Quality and relevance: teacher education, curriculum and examination

systems

• Systemic: accountability, political interference, lack of community

involvement

• Management and Planning: sectoral plans not followed; ad-hocism,

project-based approach

• Donor coordination is not effective

Education in South Asian Countries-A comparison

(Source: UNESCO, Global Education Digest 2007, UIS, Montreal, HDR 2006)

Country HDI Ranking Public expenditure

• n ED as % of

GDP Literacy Rate 15+ GER 2005 NER 2005 Survival Rate India

126 3.8 61 119 89 73

Iran

96 4.7 82 111 95 88

Pakistan

134 2.3 50 87 68 70

Sri Lanka

93

• 91

98 97

• Bangladesh

137 2.5 47 109 94 65

Literacy Situation in Pakistan (PSLM 2005-06)

MDGs and Literacy

• MDG No 1:

Eradication of Poverty

• Target

EFA goals in particular:

• Literacy and Life Skills
• TVET

MDGs and Literacy

• MDG No 2:

Achieve Universal Primary Education

• Target 3.

Ensure that, by 2015, children everywhere, boys and girls alike, will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling.

• Indicator No 8:

Literacy rate of 15-24 year olds

• MDG 3 :

Promote gender equality and empower women

• Target 4:

Eliminate gender disparity in primary and secondary education, preferable by 2005 and in all levels of education no later than 2015. Indicator 10: Ratio of literate women to men, 15-24 years old

MDG 2

Ensure that by 2015, all boys and girls alike will be able to complete a full course of primary schooling

46 42 52 58 77 100

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1990-91 2000-01 2004-05 PRSP Target 2005-06 MTDF Target 2009-10 MDG Target 2015 Percentage

Literacy Trends (1951-2004) and Gender Gap

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 1951 1961 1972 1981 1998 2004

Years Percentage Total Male Female

25% gender gap 7.6% gender gap

Rural-Urban and Gender Gap in Literacy (10+ years of age) (1972-2004)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Urban Male Urban Female Rural Male Rural Female Percentage

1972 1981 1988 2004 2006

Number of Illiterates are increasing in Pakistan

Year Pop 10 + (Millions) Literacy Rate (10+) Illiterate Pop (10+) 1951 22.71 17.9 18.64 1961 26.12 16.7 22.08 1972 42.91 21.7 33.59 1981 56.33 26.2 42.69 1998 89.84 43.92 50.38

(Source: Census Reports of Pakistan)

Budget allocations for Adult Literacy in Pakistan

Plan Ed Budget (Total) In Pak Rs. (Millions) Literacy budget Literacy budget as %

• f Ed Budget

I-5th Plans (1955-83)

15,577

• 6th Plan (1983-88)

18,830 750 4.0 %

7th Plan (1988-1993)

22,684 300 1.32 %

8th Plan (1993-98)

20,232 1,750 8.6 %

9th Plan (1998-2003)

133,500 1,000 0.74 %

(Sources: National Education Policy (1998-2010) and UNESCO, 2003, ‘Literacy Trends in Pakistan’, Islamabad)

Provincial Disparities in Literacy and Primary Education

(PSLM 2004-05)

Literacy

• 80% literacy rate among urban male in Sindh vs 13 % female literacy in

rural Balochistan

• 24 Districts with literacy rate below 35%
• In 30 districts female literacy rate is below 20%
• In Balochistan only 2 districts with female literacy rate above 35%

NER at Primary Level

• 54 districts with NER below 50%
• 24% for girls in rural Balochistan vs 69% for boys in urban Punjab
• Below 30% for rural girls in 36 districts
• Only in 3 districts of Balochistan, NER for rural girls is above 30%

G-8 Declaration on Education

…..Success in EFA can only be possible if there is a strong vision and firm commitment by developing countries themselves with national

• wnership and self-help based on

clearly formulated Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers or their equivalent and well-constructed long-term plans for the education sector as a whole.

UN AGENCY UN AGENCY UN AGENCY UN AGENCY UN AGENCY

TWGs

ENV Education H & P DRM P A RD

DMT UN Resident Coordinator OMT

Projects & Programmes Projects & Programmes Projects & Programmes Projects & Programmes Projects & Programmes Operations Operations Operations Operations Operations

Finance HR Procurement ICT

Security Travel Banking

Operations Management Team

ENV Education DRM P A RD

The Reform

• Opportunities. Understanding the

benefits of the reform

• Delivering as One is not merging into

One

• Roles and mandates of UN agencies

remain as well as relationship with Ministries and partners

What UNESCO brings to the reform

• Extensive normative work and validation
• Expertise accumulated over the years
• Latest trends and information in

Education Development

The 4 UN roles The 4 UN roles

• Advocate for International norms

Advocate for International norms and Standards and Standards

• Adviser to the Government

Adviser to the Government

• Convener of stakeholders

Convener of stakeholders

• Provider of technical expertise for

Provider of technical expertise for

• perational activities and capacity
• perational activities and capacity

building building

Opportunities Opportunities

ESD: Education for Sustainable ESD: Education for Sustainable Development Development FRESH: Focusing Resources on Effective FRESH: Focusing Resources on Effective School Health School Health EDUCAIDS EDUCAIDS ICTS in Education ICTS in Education

Strategic action Strategic action Increase of ed. budget from 2.3% to 4% of GDP Increase of ed. budget from 2.3% to 4% of GDP Underpinned by capacity: education Underpinned by capacity: education governance, planning and management; governance, planning and management; teachers, school teachers, school-

• based management

based management Accountability: merit Accountability: merit-

• based system, community

based system, community involvement, reduction of political interference involvement, reduction of political interference Education for social change Education for social change: priority to literacy : priority to literacy and basic education towards economic and basic education towards economic

• development. Contribution of Basic Education
• development. Contribution of Basic Education

and TVET to poverty reduction and TVET to poverty reduction