Ecological Forecasting Mapping Four Decades of Fire History for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ecological Forecasting Mapping Four Decades of Fire History for - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 05, 2024 296 likes •585 views

National Aeronautics and Space Administration Ethiopia Ecological Forecasting Mapping Four Decades of Fire History for Targeted Conservation in the South-Central Highlands of Ethiopia Stephen Chignell (Project Lead) Chandra Fowler Kelly

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Mapping Four Decades of Fire History for Targeted Conservation in the South-Central Highlands of Ethiopia

Ethiopia Ecological Forecasting

Stephen Chignell (Project Lead) Kelly Hopping Chandra Fowler Darin Schulte

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Bale-Arsi Massif, Ethiopia

WRS2 Path 167 Row 55

¯

Bale Mountains National Park WRS2 Path 167 Row 55 Study area

500

Elevation (m)

1000 2000 3000 4517 15 30 60 90 120km

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  • Efficacy of past and future

conservation efforts

  • Limited capacity and data

availability

Community Concerns

Image Credits: (top) Rod Waddington, (bottom) Stephen Chignell

  • Positive effects of intentional burning on

social-ecological system functioning

  • Negative effects of increased fires on

wildlife habitat and soil erosion

  • Negative consequences of forced

burning cessation

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Objectives

Image Credits: Stephen Chignell

  • Quantify fire extent and

distribution on the Bale-Arsi massif over a 42-year time period

  • Provide land managers

with the most current and complete record of fires in the region

  • Compare patterns of

burning to observed land changes

  • Demonstrate a

reproducible methodology

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SLIDE 5

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Methodology

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Data Acquisition

Landsat imagery

Data Acquisition

MSS, SRTM TM, ETM+ MODIS burned area OLI

Analysis

Tasseled Cap Compositing

Data Processing

LandsatLinkr Aggregation Gap-filling & Normalized Burn Ratio

Work flow

Results

Burn Frequency Landsat Validation Fire extent Land Cover Assessment Thresholding Time Series Visualization

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SLIDE 7

Earth Observations

Terra/Aqua MODIS Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager (OLI) Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM) Landsat 7 Enhanced Thematic Mapper (ETM+) Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) Landsat 1, 3 Multispectral Scanner (MSS)

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Data Acquisition & Pre-processing

Landsat imagery Atmospheric correction Cloud mask Georegistration Spectral calibration

LandsatLinkr

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Tasseled cap visualization (1973-2015)

Brightness + Greenness + Wetness Composite

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Burned area mapping (1995-2015)

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Gap-filling burned areas

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January 30, 2015 January 30, 2015 February 7, 2015 February 7, 2015 March 11, 2015 March 11, 2015 March 19, 2015 March 19, 2015

Detecting burned areas with clouds

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Post-processing

  • Aggregate burned areas within each year
  • Clip to areas higher than 3000 m
  • Sieve out burned areas < 1 hectare (11 pixels) to eliminate noise
  • Remove erroneous burned areas detected on Tulu Deemtu
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National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Results

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SLIDE 15

Time series visualization

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Landsat & MODIS spatial extents

Landsat NBR MODIS MCD45A MODIS MCD64A Cumulative MODIS Potential Landsat burned area covered by clouds (86 km2)

Landsat: 274 km2 MCD45A1: 260 km2 MCD64A1: 222 km2

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Landsat and MODIS time series

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Spatial patterns of burning

(Photo credits: Johansson et al. 2012 Ecology and Society)

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Vegetation types burned

Sparse veg. 3.0% Erica shrub 71.6% Deciduous 0.5% Herbaceous 6.3% Grasslands 3.7% Alpine shrub 14.7%

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Vegetation types burned

Sparse veg. 3.0% Erica shrub 71.6% Deciduous 0.5% Herbaceous 6.3% Grasslands 3.7% Alpine shrub 14.7%

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Years with fires

Ericaceous shrub burned

Erica shrubland Burned inside park Burned outside park Bale Mountains National Park

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Wildlife habitat burned

17% 5%

200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600

Habitat area (km²) Burned Unburned Mountain nyala Ethiopian wolf

Image Credits: Paul Evangelista

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National Aeronautics and Space Administration

Discussion

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Errors and uncertainties

 Gaps in the Landsat record for the region.  Scan line interpolation.  Potentially omitted fires due to cloud cover.

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Conclusions

 35% of ericaceous vegetation burned in the Bale Mountains between 1995-2015, but few areas experienced repeated fires.  LandsatLinkr expedites pre-processing, but data gaps and cloud cover remain challenging for time series analysis in remote, tropical alpine regions.  Final products for partners:  Maps and spatial data of fire extent and frequency (1995-2015)  Spectrally comparable and composited tasseled cap time series (1973-2015)

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Future work

Density analyses Sentinel 2 data Galama Mountains Incorporate field data

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Acknowledgements

This material is based upon work supported by NASA through contract NNL11AA00B and cooperative agreement NNX14AB60A.

  • Dr. Paul Evangelista, Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory,

Colorado State University The Murulle Foundation Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University Nicholas Young, The Murulle Foundation and Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University Justin Braaten, Oregon State University Brian Woodward, NASA DEVELOP

  • Dr. Amanda West, Colorado State University

Advisors Partners Others