Role of ecological indicators and Role of ecological indicators and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SLIDE 1

Role of ecological indicators and Role of ecological indicators and GIS GIS-

• technologies in the complex

technologies in the complex assessment of ecological assessment of ecological conditions of the industrial conditions of the industrial agglomerations agglomerations

G.

• G. А

А. . Tolkacheva Tolkacheva , , Yu.I .Kovalevskaya Yu.I .Kovalevskaya, , L.A.Aksenova L.A.Aksenova, , l.Yu.Shardakova l.Yu.Shardakova, , Е Е. . М М. . Vidineeva Vidineeva , , N.G.Vereschagina N.G.Vereschagina Scientific research Scientific research Hydrom eteorological Hydrom eteorological I nstitute I nstitute ( NI GMI ) ( NI GMI ) Uzbekistan, Tashkent Uzbekistan, Tashkent

SLIDE 2

Study of ecological conditions of urbanized territories as Study of ecological conditions of urbanized territories as anthropogenically anthropogenically changed environment is based, first of all on the changed environment is based, first of all on the following conceptual approaches following conceptual approaches: :

n n

perm anent com prehensive analysis of the environm ent conditions, perm anent com prehensive analysis of the environm ent conditions,

• f the social
• f the social-
• and

and-

• econom ical indices of recipients including the

econom ical indices of recipients including the gross output, dem ographic factors, public health; gross output, dem ographic factors, public health;

n n

elaboration of the com plex criteria and indices of ecological elaboration of the com plex criteria and indices of ecological conditions of nature environm ents; conditions of nature environm ents;

n n

creation of bases and banks of data of m onitoring studies of the creation of bases and banks of data of m onitoring studies of the conditions of nature environm ent, resources, social conditions of nature environm ent, resources, social-

• and

and-

• econom ical indices;

econom ical indices;

n n

developm ent of the com plex eco developm ent of the com plex eco-

• indicators of the conditions of

indicators of the conditions of nature environm ent; nature environm ent;

n n

zoning of territories by ecological stress w ith the account of zoning of territories by ecological stress w ith the account of coefficients of ecological conditions and GI S coefficients of ecological conditions and GI S-

• technologies

technologies.

.

SLIDE 3

Geography and Climate.

• The Republic of Uzbekistan

is located in the middle of Central Asia and shares its borders with Kazakhstan, the Kyrgyz Republic, Tadjikistan, Afghanistan, and Turkmenistan.

• The area of Uzbekistan is

part of the Aral Sea Basin. This basin is replenished by two main rivers: the Amu Darya and the Syr Darya.

• More than 80% of the 445 sq. km. territory of Uzbekistan is covered by plains, In the

south, the plains border the mountains of Tyan-Shan and Gissaro-Alay.

• The mountains reach 4600 m in height. This region is known for its strong

earthquakes (which sometimes register 8-10 on the Richter scale).

SLIDE 4

Demography and Administrative Structures.

• More than 23 million people live in

Uzbekistan.

• Over 60 % of the population is rural.
• The annual population growth rate exceeds

2%. This rate, however, is declining: in 1990, it was 2.9%; but in 1996, it fell to 2.3%. According to growth estimates, the population in the year 2000 will approach 25 million, and by the year of 2010 will break 30 million mark.

SLIDE 5

50 100 150 200 250 300 350

1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 years

%

population irrigated areas

SLIDE 6

The capital of Uzbekistan is Tashkent, and it has a population of 2.3 million. The Republic of Uzbekistan consists of

• 11 oblasts
• the Republic of Karakalpakstan

SLIDE 7

§Observations of the state of the atm ospheric air of every

territory show ed that the sources of its pollution m ight have a global, regional and local character.

§ Global characteristics of pollution are connected w ith natural

and m an-caused disasters, for instance, eruptions of volcanoes, fires and nuclear tests.

§ Regional character of air pollution in Central Asia is stipulated

by deforestation, drying of w ater-sw am p lands and especially by a sharp reduction of the level of the Aral Sea. A huge territory ( 4 2 thousand km ") of desert w ith high content of salt has been form ed as a result of drying of the Aral Sea.

SLIDE 8

§The pollution of atm ospheric air is defined not only by influx of

polluting substances from natural and anthropogenic sources, but also by physical, geographic and clim atic conditions of the territory. Natural sources of dustiness of air are the Kara-Kum and Kizil-Kum deserts.

§ Anthropogenic air pollution in Central Asia is caused principally by

industrial activities associated w ith chem ical and m etallurgical industries/ autom obile traffic in the larger cities, and the burning of fossil fuels for the generation of electrical energy and the provision

• f centrally supplied heat and hot w ater.

§ Motor transport, pow er plants, industries of oil and gas

production, chem istry. black and non-ferrous industries, w ere identified as the m ost im portant am bient air em itting sources in Central Asia. These sources are ( m ainly) located in urban areas w here betw een 40 and 60% of the population lives.

SLIDE 9

§As a result of econom ic activity of industrial and transport sources

about 4 m illion tons of chem ical substances ( products of com bustion of fuel, reprocessing of raw , processing of m aterials) are spew ed yearly out into the air. During the recent years, as a result of curtailm ent of production and reduction of volum es of transportations, the em issions from both industrial and transport sources w ere reduced

§ The overw helm ing m ajority ( 96 % ) of all w aste is on such large-

tonnage pollutants as carbon oxide ( 50 % ) , sulfur, nitrogen, and also hydrocarbon and firm substances, and only 4 % is em issions of specific high-toxic substances num bering over 150 nam es

§ Another im portant feature is the location of large industrial units

in narrow m ountain valleys ( cities: Chirchik, Tashkent, Yangyjul, Nam angan, Andizhan, Fergana, Becabad, Angren, Akhangaran, Nurabad, Alm alik) , w here the local highland-valley circulation has resulted in air interchange of em ission products betw een cities and settlem ents

SLIDE 10

50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Transport Industry

Khorezm Karakalpakstan Djizak Syrdarya Navoi Bukhara Samarkand Kashdarya Surkhandarya Namangan Fergana Andijan Tashkent city Tashkent

Distribution of industrial and m obile sources em issions for regions

SLIDE 11

The greatest contribution to pollution of atm ospheric air is m ade by the enterprises of pow er com plex:

n

6 7 .1 % falls on such enterprises as "Uzbekneftegas" ( i.e. Uzbek Oil and Gas Com pany) and the Ministry of Energy

n

2 .9 % of pollutants fall on the enterprises of m etallurgical industry, building industry, m unicipal services, chem ical industry, food industry and light industry

n

The oil-gas extractive and m anufacturing industry occupies the first place am ong stationary sources of pollution; in 19 97 its em issions have am ounted to 2 98 .0 thousand tons, 3 3% of them hydrocarbons

n

More than 1 00 m illion tons of oil and gas are burned dow n in the flam e of industrial torches. Hydrocarbon and sulfuric anhydride are discharged into the atm osphere practically w ithout ( leaning every year)

SLIDE 12

Main criteria Main criteria

Analysis of peculiar features of anthropogenic stress in the Analysis of peculiar features of anthropogenic stress in the conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan has allow ed selecting conditions of the Republic of Uzbekistan has allow ed selecting of

• f

the m ain criteria w hich can be used for calculation of the value the m ain criteria w hich can be used for calculation of the value of

• f

ecological dam age w ith the up ecological dam age w ith the up-

• to

to-

• date levels of m onitoring of the

date levels of m onitoring of the m ain and specific ingredients of environm ent pollution and real m ain and specific ingredients of environm ent pollution and real possibilities of their assessm ent Biotic and possibilities of their assessm ent Biotic and abiotic abiotic indices can be indices can be distinguished w ith the account of the relevant im pact effects. distinguished w ith the account of the relevant im pact effects.

n n

Biotic indices Biotic indices include the ecological them atic, spatial and dynam ic include the ecological them atic, spatial and dynam ic criteria w hile the criteria w hile the abiotic abiotic ones

• nes –

– the spatial and dynam ic ones. the spatial and dynam ic ones.

n n

Com plex indices Com plex indices of ecological conditions

• f ecological conditions of the nature environm ent
• f the nature environm ent

are needed for calculation of ecological dam age. Algorithm of are needed for calculation of ecological dam age. Algorithm of calculation includes the coefficient of ecological conditions of calculation includes the coefficient of ecological conditions of the the given territory w hich is changing dynam ically from year to year given territory w hich is changing dynam ically from year to year and depends on the actual econom ical situation. and depends on the actual econom ical situation.

SLIDE 13

Main criteria Main criteria

Calculation of criteria is based on the com parison of Calculation of criteria is based on the com parison of the actual ( m easured) characteristics of the the actual ( m easured) characteristics of the environm ent conditions w ith environm ent conditions w ith

n n

the m axim um adm issible concentrations ( MAC) of the m axim um adm issible concentrations ( MAC) of pollutants in different environm ents and pollutants in different environm ents and

n n

m axim um adm issible ecological stress ( MAES) . m axim um adm issible ecological stress ( MAES) .

n n

For the soils and plants these can be the For the soils and plants these can be the approxim ately adm issible levels ( AAL) of the content approxim ately adm issible levels ( AAL) of the content

• f this or another substance in them .
• f this or another substance in them .

SLIDE 14

Classes of ecological pressure Classes of ecological pressure

Degree of the environm ent pollution is determ ined by Degree of the environm ent pollution is determ ined by 5 classes of ecological pressure: 5 classes of ecological pressure:

n n

1 class 1 class – – absent or very low ; absent or very low ;

n n

2 class 2 class – – low ; low ;

n n

3 class 3 class – – m oderate; m oderate;

n n

4 class 4 class – – high or stressed; high or stressed;

n n

5 class 5 class – – very high or critical very high or critical.

.

SLIDE 15

Sum m ary table of the com plex criteria Sum m ary table of the com plex criteria

• f the environm ent pollution
• f the environm ent pollution

for the assessm ent of ecological dam age for the assessm ent of ecological dam age

100 100 60 60 40 40 point point 5 5-

• 7

7 3 3-

• 5

5 2 2-

• 3

3 1 1-

• 2

2 0-

• 1

1 IGWP IGWP Index of ground Index of ground water pollution water pollution 5 5 60 60 40 40 30 30 point point > 10 > 10 7

7

10 10 6

6-

• 10

10 7

7

10 10 5

5-

• 10

10 6

6

10 10 4

4-

• 10

10 5

5

500 500-

• 10

10 3

3

Coli Coli-

• ind

ind Coli Coli-

• index

index 4 4 40 40 20 20 10 10 point point 3,5 3,5-

• 4,0

4,0 2,6 2,6-

• 3,5

3,5 1,6 1,6-

• 2,5

2,5 1,1 1,1-

• 1,5

1,5 < 1 < 1 IS IS Index

• f

Index

• f

saprophyteness saprophyteness 3 3 40 40 20 20 10 10 point point 3,0 3,0-

• 4,0

4,0 2,0 2,0-

• 3,0

3,0 1,0 1,0-

• 2,0

2,0 0,5 0,5-

• 1,0

1,0 0-

• 0,5

0,5 IWP spec IWP spec Index of water Index of water pollution with pollution with specific specific substances substances 2 2 60 60 40 40 30 30 point point 6 6-

• 12

12 4 4-

• 6

6 3 3-

• 4

4 1 1-

• 3

3 0,3 0,3-

• 1

1 IWP IWP Index

• f

water Index

• f

water pollution pollution 1 1

Surface and ground w ater Surface and ground w ater

V class V class very very high high I V class I V class high high III class III class moderate moderate I I class I I class negligible negligible I class I class very very negligible negligible

• r absent
• r absent

Criteria by the classes of ecological stress Criteria by the classes of ecological stress Units Units

• f
• f

measuremen measuremen t t Indices Indices No.No No.No . .

SLIDE 16

Sum m ary table of the com plex criteria of the Sum m ary table of the com plex criteria of the environm ent pollution for the assessm ent of environm ent pollution for the assessm ent of ecological dam age ecological dam age

50 50 30 30 20 20 point point 6 6-

• 15

15 3 3-

• 6

6 2 2-

• 3

3 1 1-

• 2

2 < 1 < 1 times times Chemical Chemical composition of composition of atmospheric atmospheric precipitation precipitation and DAP and DAP (repetition (repetition factor of MAC factor of MAC excess excess 3 3 100 100 60 60 40 40 point point > 20 > 20 16 16-

• 20

20 10 10-

• 15

15 6 6-

• 10

10 0-

• 5

5 IAP IAP Index

• f

Index

• f

atmospheric atmospheric pollution pollution 2 2 50 50 30 30 20 20 point point > 3,6 > 3,6 3,1 3,1-

• 3,5

3,5 2,5 2,5-

• 3,0

3,0 2,3 2,3-

• 2,4

2,4 2,3 2,3-

• 2,4

2,4 CPP CPP Climatic Climatic potential

• f

potential

• f

pollution pollution 1 1

Atm ospheric Atm ospheric air air

SLIDE 17

Sum m ary table of the com plex criteria of the Sum m ary table of the com plex criteria of the environm ent pollution for the assessm ent of environm ent pollution for the assessm ent of ecological dam age ecological dam age

100 100 60 60 40 40 point point > 2 > 2 1,5 1,5-

• 2,0

2,0 1,0 1,0-

• 1,5

1,5 0,5 0,5-

• 1,0

1,0 0,1 0,1-

• 0,5

0,5 IPSM IPSM Pollution of soil Pollution of soil with the heavy with the heavy metals metals 5 5 100 100 60 60 40 40 ball ball > 5 > 5 3,0 3,0-

• 5,0

5,0 2,0 2,0-

• 3,0

3,0 1,0 1,0-

• 2,0

2,0 0,3 0,3-

• 1,0

1,0 times times Content

• f

Content

• f

pesticides in pesticides in MAC fraction MAC fraction 4 4 50 50 30 30 20 20 point point > 3 > 3 2 2-

• 3

3 1 1-

• 2

2 1 1 1 1 times times Dynamics

• f

Dynamics

• f

irrigated land irrigated land salinization salinization during the last during the last 25 25-

• 30

years 30 years (increase) (increase) 3 3 50 50 30 30 20 20 point point < 30 < 30 30 30-

• 40

40 41 41-

• 59

59 > 59 > 59 > 59 > 59 Point

• f

Point

• f

growth growth class class Soil quality Soil quality 2 2 100 100 60 60 40 40 point point > 20 > 20 10 10-

• 20

20 5 5-

• 10

10 3 3-

• 5

5 0-

• 3

3 kg/ ha area kg/ ha area under crop under crop Pollution of soil Pollution of soil with pesticides with pesticides (use

• f

(use

• f

pesticides) pesticides) 1 1

Soils Soils

SLIDE 18

Sum m ary table of the com plex criteria of the Sum m ary table of the com plex criteria of the environm ent pollution for the assessm ent of environm ent pollution for the assessm ent of ecological dam age ecological dam age

50 50 30 30 20 20 points points > 20 > 20 11 11-

• 20

20 6 6-

• 10

10 3 3-

• 5

5 0-

• 3

3 items items Presence of the Presence of the ecologically ecologically dangerous dangerous

• bjects

and

• bjects

and situations situations 1 1

Impact of wastes on the environment Impact of wastes on the environment

SLIDE 19

Main criteria Main criteria

n n

Using the selected criteria and indices the ecological Using the selected criteria and indices the ecological situation in the given region, area, etc. is estim ated. situation in the given region, area, etc. is estim ated.

n n

The rate of each criterion is expressed in points w hich The rate of each criterion is expressed in points w hich ultim ately give the integral estim ation of the studied ultim ately give the integral estim ation of the studied territory. territory.

n n

Using the selected criteria and indices the coefficient of Using the selected criteria and indices the coefficient of ecological conditions is calculated. ecological conditions is calculated.

n n

Criteria can be subdivided to the very dangerous and Criteria can be subdivided to the very dangerous and dangerous. dangerous.

n n

I t is necessary to em phasize once m ore the dynam ics of I t is necessary to em phasize once m ore the dynam ics of ecological conditions of each province and region and, ecological conditions of each province and region and, consequently consequently – – the need in carrying out system atic the need in carrying out system atic m onitoring observations including social m onitoring observations including social-

• and

and-

• econom ic

econom ic issues. issues.

SLIDE 20

Creation of data bases on system atic Creation of data bases on system atic and non and non-

• standard inform ation about

standard inform ation about pollution of nature environm ents, pollution of nature environm ents, em issions of pollutants, w astes em issions of pollutants, w astes

Creation of any database on m onitoring observations Creation of any database on m onitoring observations includes the follow ing w orking phases: includes the follow ing w orking phases:

n n

inventory of observation results inventory of observation results; ;

n n

structuring of the available inform ation, i.e. structuring of the available inform ation, i.e. – –

• rdering of available data by the types and objects,
• rdering of available data by the types and objects,

their correlating w ith the tables and data base their correlating w ith the tables and data base queries; queries;

n n

developm ent of softw are com plex for the database developm ent of softw are com plex for the database m anaging and uploading on personal com puter. m anaging and uploading on personal com puter.

SLIDE 21

Structure Structure of

• f Table

Tables s

Textual Name of the town Digital Code of the town Counter Number of record Type of data Field name Digital Concentration Digital Year Digital Town code Counter Number of recording Type of data Field name

“Reference gauging stations”

“Yearly data”

SLIDE 22

Structure Structure of

• f Table

Tables s

Digital Concentration Digital Gauging station Digital Time of measuring Digital Date Digital Month Digital Year Digital Town code Counter Num ber of recording Type of data Field nam e

“Monthly data”

Digital Concentration Digital Gauging station Digital Time of measuring Digital Date Digital Month Digital Year Digital Town code Type of data Field nam e

“W orking”Table

SLIDE 23

I nform ation processing is m ade w ith queries I nform ation processing is m ade w ith queries – – the form s the form s allow s to create a convenient user interface for w orking allow s to create a convenient user interface for w orking w ith data. w ith data. The follow ing data serve as input data for the data base: The follow ing data serve as input data for the data base:

n n

date and tim e of observation; date and tim e of observation;

n n

geographic data of observation point; geographic data of observation point;

n n

concentration of polluting adm ixtures in atm osphere; concentration of polluting adm ixtures in atm osphere;

n n

form s for the data input and review ; form s for the data input and review ; The output inform ation is as follow s: The output inform ation is as follow s:

n n

results of queries on com ponents, by territorial and results of queries on com ponents, by territorial and tem poral attribution; tem poral attribution;

n n

reference system form ed as tables and form s; reference system form ed as tables and form s; Relationships betw een the tables allow for the m ulti Relationships betw een the tables allow for the m ulti-

• variant queries and conduction of statistical analysis and

variant queries and conduction of statistical analysis and sam plings by the different categories. sam plings by the different categories.

SLIDE 24

Exam ple of Table w ith inform ation on precipitation observations Exam ple of Table w ith inform ation on precipitation observations

SLIDE 25

Form of input of inform ation of precipitation observations Form of input of inform ation of precipitation observations

SLIDE 26

Currently in Currently in RUz RUz the data bases are m anaged on the follow ing the data bases are m anaged on the follow ing m ain types of m onitoring observations: m ain types of m onitoring observations:

n n

em issions of pollutants, including also pollutants from em issions of pollutants, including also pollutants from stationary and m obile sources; stationary and m obile sources;

n n

total em issions of acidifying pollutants and solid particles, total em issions of acidifying pollutants and solid particles, w hich are in the m eanw hile related to the pow er production, w hich are in the m eanw hile related to the pow er production, m obile sources; m obile sources;

n n

air quality in the urban agglom erations air quality in the urban agglom erations

n n

index of atm ospheric air pollution in urban agglom erations for a index of atm ospheric air pollution in urban agglom erations for a hum an being; hum an being;

n n

index of atm ospheric air pollution in agricultural index of atm ospheric air pollution in agricultural-

• and

and-

• industrial

industrial com plexes for surface vegetation; com plexes for surface vegetation;

n n

pollution of surface vegetation; pollution of surface vegetation;

n n

surface w ater quality surface w ater quality; ;

n n

index of the surface w ater pollution by the general pollutants index of the surface w ater pollution by the general pollutants and specific indices; and specific indices;

SLIDE 27

n n

soil pollution, index of soil pollution, including specific soil pollution, index of soil pollution, including specific pollutants; pollutants;

n n

drinking w ater quality and its correspondence w ith the drinking w ater quality and its correspondence w ith the adopted standards; adopted standards;

n n

non non-

• standard inform ation about pollution of natural

standard inform ation about pollution of natural environm ents including one environm ents including one -

• tim e field studies, rem ote sensing

tim e field studies, rem ote sensing m ethods; m ethods;

n n

data on pollution of the surface vegetation; data on pollution of the surface vegetation;

n n

data on pollution of atm ospheric fallouts ( precipitation, dry) ; data on pollution of atm ospheric fallouts ( precipitation, dry) ;

n n

total sickness rate, children sickness rate, infant m ortality total sickness rate, children sickness rate, infant m ortality

n n

dynam ics of the irrigated lands dynam ics of the irrigated lands salinization salinization; ;

n n

w astes, w astes treatm ent w astes, w astes treatm ent ; ;

n n

existence of the potentially hazardous ecological objects and existence of the potentially hazardous ecological objects and situations. situations.

SLIDE 28

Com plex assessm ent of ecological situation in the Com plex assessm ent of ecological situation in the industrial agglom erations w ith the use of ecological industrial agglom erations w ith the use of ecological indicators w ill m ake it possible to reveal the indicators w ill m ake it possible to reveal the follow ing follow ing:

:

n n degree of the natural environm ent distortion on the degree of the natural environm ent distortion on the studied territory; studied territory; n n to reveal the tendencies on the accum ulation and to reveal the tendencies on the accum ulation and changes of the pollutants concentrations including changes of the pollutants concentrations including the specific ones in the atm ospheric air, soil, surface the specific ones in the atm ospheric air, soil, surface vegetation, surface and ground w ater w ith the aim of vegetation, surface and ground w ater w ith the aim of detection of the hazard degree, risk for biota, detection of the hazard degree, risk for biota, population, building constructions, culture population, building constructions, culture m onum ents; m onum ents; n n

• n the base of obtained inform ation the
• n the base of obtained inform ation the

adm inistrative bodies w ill m ake the due decisions on adm inistrative bodies w ill m ake the due decisions on the recreation of the environm ent. the recreation of the environm ent.

SLIDE 29

For the conditions of Tashkent province the studies For the conditions of Tashkent province the studies w ere carried out w ith the aim of the territory zoning w ere carried out w ith the aim of the territory zoning for detection of the m ost ecologically stressed zones. for detection of the m ost ecologically stressed zones.

n n

Table presents the obtained data. The basic Table presents the obtained data. The basic param eter for the zoning purpose w as the coefficient param eter for the zoning purpose w as the coefficient

• f ecological conditions and the indicators listed
• f ecological conditions and the indicators listed

above w ere used for calculation of this coefficient. above w ere used for calculation of this coefficient.

n n

Table presents the obtained data. The principal basis Table presents the obtained data. The principal basis for the zoning purpose w as the coefficient of for the zoning purpose w as the coefficient of ecological conditions, and for its calculation the ecological conditions, and for its calculation the above m entioned ecological indicators w ere used. above m entioned ecological indicators w ere used. Regarding the obtained values of coefficient the m ost Regarding the obtained values of coefficient the m ost unfavourable unfavourable regions are: regions are: Bekabad Bekabad, , Kungichirchik Kungichirchik , , Yukorichirchik Yukorichirchik , tow ns of , tow ns of Angren Angren, , Bekabad Bekabad, , Yangiyul Yangiyul, , Yangiabad Yangiabad. .

SLIDE 30

SLIDE 31

Set of ecological indicators Set of ecological indicators for the urbanized territories of the arid zones for the urbanized territories of the arid zones by the priority problems of the environment and economic sectors by the priority problems of the environment and economic sectors

5 1 All sectors of econom y 5 Public health 9 . 3 Mobile sources 3 Transport 8 . 5 Energy 5 Energy 7 . 5 1

• / / -

9 W astes 6 . 5 1

• / / -

5 Bio-diversity 5 . 5 1

• / / -

4 Urban soils ( land resources) 4 . 5 1

• / / -

1 9 Surface w ater and w ater courses ground w ater 3 . 5 1

• / / -

6 Clim ate change 2 . 5 1 I ndustry: m ining, m ining- concentrating, m achine-building and

• thers ( stationary

and m obile sources) 1 0 Atm ospheric air 1 . Num ber

• f indicators

Sector of the econom y Num ber

• f indicators

Problem №

SLIDE 32

GIS technologies GIS technologies

n n

As a result, one can quickly assess short As a result, one can quickly assess short -

• term and

term and long long-

• term future consequences of such extrem e

term future consequences of such extrem e situations the im pact of continuous point and situations the im pact of continuous point and polygon pollutants in the territory of industrial polygon pollutants in the territory of industrial agglom erations. Using of ecological indicators and agglom erations. Using of ecological indicators and GI S technologies allow s to realize detail zoning it GI S technologies allow s to realize detail zoning it according ecological stress. according ecological stress.

n n

As nature preservation actions are being w idened As nature preservation actions are being w idened and deepened, a m onitoring of consequences of and deepened, a m onitoring of consequences of preventive actions on a local and regional level is preventive actions on a local and regional level is becom ing one of the fields of GI S application. The becom ing one of the fields of GI S application. The sources of renew able inform ation can be the results sources of renew able inform ation can be the results

• f surface and rem otely sensed im agery
• f surface and rem otely sensed im agery.

.

SLIDE 33

T Thank hank you you