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Earth Science: Earth's Place in the Universe Unit 4:Seasons

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· Click on the topic to go to that section

· What is a season?

· Kinds of Seasons

· Reasons for the Seasons · Earth and the Seasons www.njctl.org

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What is a Season?

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Slide 5 / 109 Seasons

What do you know about seasons? Here are some words to think about. Winter Spring Summer Fall

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Seasons occur in a cycle. Seasons are patterns

• f weather that happen

every year. Weather is how hot or cold it is and how much rain or snow falls from the sky in an area.

Seasons

Based on these changing pictures, what are some differences in the seasons? Can you figure out which one is which?

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Seasons

Make a list of the differences that you see.

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As the months of the year change, we usually see differences in the daily weather. We call them seasons.

Months of the Year Slide 9 / 109 Seasons

Here are some ideas about the seasons: · Winter is cold and it snows. · Summer is hot and dry. · Fall is cooler and the leaves change colors. · Spring can be rainy and that is when the flowers come out. Why do the seasons change? That is what we need to figure out! Draw a picture for each season in your Season's Journal.

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1 What is the pattern of weather that changes over a year? A season B weather

Answer

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2 What season is cold and snowy? A Winter B Summer

Answer

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3 What season has changing leaves? A Fall B Summer

Answer

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Answer

4 Seasons are patterns of weather that happen every year. True False

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5 What season can be rainy and includes the flowers blooming? A Spring B Summer

Answer

Slide 15 / 109 Kinds of Seasons

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Think about the weather where you live. Do you have four seasons? Look outside. Based on your observations, what season are you in now?

Seasons Slide 17 / 109

In many places in the world there are four seasons.

Winter Spring Summer Fall

Fall is also called Autumn.

Seasons Slide 18 / 109

Winter has shorter days and colder temperatures. Sometimes in winter there will be snow, sleet, hail and rain . These are types of precipitation.

Here is a video on types

• f precipitation

Seasons: Winter

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The weather gets colder. The days get shorter. Because the leaves have fallen off of the trees, the branches are bare.

Seasons: Winter

Snow may cover the ground. People live in warm houses and wear heavy coats outside.

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Some animals grow thick fur to stay warm in the winter.

Seasons: Winter

Snow also affects the way animals behave; many animals burrow in the

• snow. Mice and voles will live under a

layer of snow!

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They do this to confuse or prevent other animals from seeing them. Some animals coats change color in the winter.

Seasons: Winter

Some examples are the arctic fox, weasel, white-tailed jackrabbit, and mountain hare.

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Instead of hibernating in the winter, some animals migrate. What does migrate mean?

Seasons: Winter

Animals go to a warmer climate where they can find food and where the weather is warmer.

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Hibernation is a state

• f "sleep" that some

animals do during the winter months. Animals that hibernate include bears, bats, crocodiles, and turtles.

Seasons: Winter

Video on Hibernation

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Answer

6 Winter is a season that has shorter, colder days.

True False

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Answer

7 Do animals migrate to warmer places for the weather and for food?

Yes No

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Answer

8 Some animals grow think fur in the winter to stay warm and shed their heavy coat in spring.

True False

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Answer

9 Hibernation is like a very deep sleep. True False

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In the Spring, the weather can be warm one day and cold the next. There is an old saying:

Seasons: Spring

"March comes in like a lion and out like a lamb." What do you think people mean by that?

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In the beginning of the spring season the weather can be wild like a wild animal.

Seasons: Spring

By the end of the season of spring the weather is calm like a little lamb.

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As Spring arrives....places where there is a lot

• f snow begins to thaw and melt .

Seasons: Spring

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Flooding is common during this time of year because the snow is melting.

Seasons: Spring Slide 32 / 109

Animals come out

• f hibernation in the

spring.

Seasons: Spring

Young animals are born in the spring.

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During the season of spring, the days become warmer and longer until June 21st.

Seasons: Spring

It rains a lot in the spring and this helps the plants and flowers grow.

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New life begins in the spring. This describes both plants and animals!

Seasons: Spring Slide 35 / 109

Answer

10 Spring brings new life for plants and animals.

True False

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Answer

11 The old saying is "March comes in like a lamb and

• ut like a lion."

True False

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Answer

12 Is spring the season after summer?

Yes No

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Answer

13 Spring time weather is aways the same.

True False

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Answer

14 Some places have four seasons they are Winter,_________, Summer, and Fall. A Wet B Spring C Dry

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Answer

15 In the season of spring there is a lot of:

A rain B hot weather C short days

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What do you know about summer? Writing Activity Write five things that you know about Summer.

Seasons: Summer Slide 42 / 109

Summer is the warmest of the four seasons.

Seasons: Summer

Summer is the season with the longest daylight hours and warmest days of the year.

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Daylight continues to lengthen from spring until the Summer Solstice. June 21st is the Summer Solstice, which is the longest day of the year! Summer has more hours of daylight than any other season! The daily temperature is hotter than any other season!

Seasons: Summer Slide 44 / 109

The summer solstice is the longest day with sunlight and the shortest night.

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Many people have vegetables and flower gardens in the summer.

Seasons: Summer Slide 46 / 109

Answer

16 During the summer the days are longer than the days of the other seasons?

Yes No

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Answer

17 Summer falls between what two seasons?

A Winter and Spring B Spring and Fall C Fall and Winter

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Answer

18 Summer comes after _______.

A Winter B Spring C Fall

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Fall is the season that comes after summer.

Seasons: Fall/Autumn

In the fall the days are shorter and the temperature becomes cooler as the seasons changes to winter. .

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The trees' leaves change into many beautiful colors as the amount of daylight decreases. The temperature becomes cooler as the amount of daylight decreases.

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In the fall it is cooler so we need to dress warmer.

Seasons: Fall/Autumn Slide 52 / 109

Many children go to farms in the fall to pick pumpkins and apples. Some may go for hayrides or run through corn mazes.

Seasons: Fall/Autumn Slide 53 / 109

Trees begin to lose their beautiful leaves.

Seasons: Fall/Autumn

Apples are ready to be picked in the fall.

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19 In the fall the days are_______.

A warmer B shorter C longer Answer

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Answer

20 Are Autumn and Fall the same season?

Yes No

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21 Fall is the season that comes after _____.

A winter B summer C spring Answer

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Answer

22 The four seasons are

A Winter, Spring, Summer, Wet B Winter, Spring, Summer, Fall C Winter, Summer, Autumn, Fall

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What patterns do you see in this diagram? Each sun equals 2 hour of sunlight. Which season has the most hours of sunlight? Remember, the greater the amount of sunlight, the warmer the temperatures!

Winter Spring Summer Fall/ Autumn

Seasons

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Quiz #1

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Slide 60 / 109 Earth and the Seasons

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Our planet, Earth, is part of the solar system.

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Earth and the Seasons

Sun

Earth

Our Earth revolves around the sun. Depending on where the Earth is, depends on how much direct sunlight the Earth receives from the sun!

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It takes Earth 365 days (one year) to go around the Sun.

Earth and the Seasons

There are 12 months in a year.

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Answer

23 It takes one year for Earth to go around the Sun once. True False

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24 How many months are there in a year?

A 7 B 10 C 12 Answer

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Earth and the Seasons

The Earth's position is what is meant by where it is as it revolves around the Sun. Here are some important facts.

• 1. The Earth is divided into two hemispheres or halves.

Equator - Divides the hemispheres

Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere

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Answer

25 The two hemispheres are the Northern and the ____________ hemisphere. A Pacific B Lower C Southern

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26 The Earth has _______ hemispheres.

A 1 B 2 C 3 Answer

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Earth and the Seasons

• 2. The side of the Earth that is facing the sun is experiencing

day, while the side that is not, is experiencing night time.

Sun Day Night

Think about it! When the sun goes down, is it warmer or colder

• utside?

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Earth and the Seasons

Equator - Divides the hemispheres

Northern Hemisphere Southern Hemisphere

Earth's Axis There is one more factor that about Earth's position that helps to cause the seasons.

• 3. The Earth is tilted on an axis of 23.5 degrees.

What does that mean? The sun does not point directly at the equator throughout a year. Sometimes it points at the Northern Hemisphere and other times it points at the Southern Hemisphere.

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Scientists have been studying how the Earth and sun interact for many years. Over time, it has helped scientists to predict what season should occur in places all over the world!

Earth and the Seasons

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When the northern hemisphere is tilted toward the Sun, the southern hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun. During this time the northern hemisphere is having summer and the southern hemisphere is having winter. Video on How Seasons Work

Earth and the Seasons

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Answer

27 The purple dotted line represents Earth's axis. True False

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Answer

28 What does the blue line indicate? A Northern Hemisphere B Equator C Earth's axis

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Answer

29 What does the letter B represent? A Northern Hemisphere B Southern Hemisphere C Equator

A B Slide 76 / 109

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Quiz #2

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Slide 77 / 109 Reasons for the Seasons

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Reasons for the Seasons

Sun

Equator

First check out the areas by the equator. Throughout the year, they receive a lot of sunlight. They have about 12 hours of day time and 12 hours of night time all year round.

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Because of the consistent temperatures, these areas will only have two seasons, wet and dry. The pink region on the map indicates areas that have only two seaons.

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Reasons for the Seasons

Sun

Earth

So, areas on Earth receive different amounts of sunlight throughout a year and that has an effect on the seasons. Let's look at this closer.

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Reasons for the Seasons

Sun

A B

Does A or B receive more light? What season do you think A is in? What season do you think B is in?

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Reasons for the Seasons

Sun

A B

B does. More light means hotter temperatures for B and colder temperatures for A. So, A would be in winter while B is enjoying summer!

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Answer

30 The part of the Earth tilted away from the sun would be __________ than the other side. A hotter B colder

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Answer

31 The Northern and Southern Hemispheres have the same seasons at the same time. True False

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Answer

32 During the coldest season part the Earth is tilted away from the sun. True False

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The amount of daylight each day changes throughout the year.

Reasons for the Seasons

There is less daylight during the Winter than in the Summer.

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Reasons for the Seasons

Sun

A B

Remember that B stands for the Southern Hemisphere. In this position, the Southern Hemisphere is in summer and the Northern Hemisphere is in winter. The Southern Hemisphere has longer days and shorter nights. The Northern Hemisphere is having shorter days and longer nights.

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Reasons for the Seasons

Sun

A B

Do you see how the Southern Hemisphere is now tilted away from the sun? Do you think A or B has longer days?

A does! In this position, the Northern Hemisphere is in the summer and the Southern Hemisphere is experiencing winter!

Move the rectangles to find out!

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When it is summer in the Northern Hemisphere it is winter in the Southern Hemisphere.

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Reasons for the Seasons

When the Northern Hemisphere is in winter, the Southern Hemisphere is experiencing summer. The more sun an area receives, the warmer it becomes!

A B

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Northern Southern Hemisphere Hemisphere Summer June - September December to March Winter December - March June - September What hemisphere do you live in?

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Reasons for the Seasons

Sun

A B A B

Winter Solstice - Shortest day of the year- December 21

Summer Solstice - Longest day of the year June 20

When Earth is in these positions, day and night vary the greatest.

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Answer

33 Seasons change when Earth revolves around the ________. A Moon B Sun C Mars

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Answer

34 Summer months in the northern hemisphere are:

A January, February, March B June, July, August C May, June, July

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Answer

35 Winter months in the northern hemisphere are:

A February, March, April B August, September, October C December, January, February

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Answer

36 The Earth revolves around the Sun.

True False

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Answer

37 The_____________________ is one of the longest days of the year.

A Equinox B July 4th C Summer Solstice

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38 If the Northern Hemisphere is tilted away from the Sun will it be winter or summer? A Winter B Summer

Answer

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Reasons for the Seasons

Sun

Let's focus on Fall and Spring!

Spring Fall

We have a Spring Equinox and a Fall Equinox. Equinox means equal day and night. When the Earth is in these positions, the Northern and Southern Hemispheres receive equal amounts of

• light. 12 hours of sunshine and 12 hours of nighttime.

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Reasons for the Seasons

Sun

Let's focus on Fall and Spring!

Spring Fall

As the Earth moves around the sun, the amount changes. Fall becomes winter and the days become ____________________. Spring becomes summer and the days become _______________________.

Slide 101 / 109 Daylight at 9pm Fall Spring Summer Winter

What differences do you see?

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Answer

39 Are the daylight hours shorter in the winter? Yes No

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Answer

40 Seasons are caused by ___________.

A Earth's tilt as it moves around the moon B Earth's tilt as it moves around the sun. C the calendar

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Answer

41 Summer begins in June in the Northern Hemisphere.

True False

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Quiz #3

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Slide 106 / 109 Seasons Standard Project

Teacher Page

Students who demonstrate understanding can create a model of the Earth, Sun system to show how they work together to create the seasons. Student should choose materials that symbolize the Earth and Sun and how the amount of light changes

• ver time.

As a final project, students could create a poster or model to represent what they understand. .

[Clarification Statement: Emphasis is on relative comparisons of the amount of daylight in the winter to the amount in the spring or fall.] [Assessment Boundary: Assessment is limited to relative amounts of daylight, not quantifying the hours or time of daylight.]

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Unit Review

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Unit Test

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