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2nd Grade
Role of Water on Earth
2015-11-20 www.njctl.org
Slide 3 / 111 Table of Contents: The Role of Water on Earth
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· Earth's Water · The Use of Maps · Water's Changing Forms · The Water Cycle · Unit Review
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Earth's Water
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Can you think of some examples of where water is found on Earth's surface?
Earth's Water Slide 6 / 111 Earth's Water
All living things depend on water to survive. Look at the organisms below and describe why they need on water.
SLIDE 2 Slide 7 / 111 Earth's Water Demo
How much of Earth's water can actually be used? Find out in this activity!
Slide 8 / 111 Earth's Water
On Earth's surface, water can be found in: · oceans · lakes · ponds · rivers · glaciers
Slide 9 / 111 Oceans
An ocean is a large body of salt water that covers most of Earth's surface. Earth has five oceans but they are not actually separate. They are all connected! Together these are called the World Ocean.
Slide 10 / 111 Oceans
You live closest to which ocean?
Arctic Ocean Arctic Ocean Pacific Ocean Atlantic Ocean Indian Ocean Pacific Ocean Southern Ocean
Can you see how all the oceans are connected?
Slide 11 / 111 Basins
Can you cup your hands together, as if you are holding something? When you do this, your hands form a basin. Many bodies of water form in basins made from the Earth.
Slide 12 / 111 Lakes
Lakes are large bodies
- f still water that form in
a basin. Most lakes have freshwater in them, but a few have salt water.
SLIDE 3 Slide 13 / 111 Lakes
Many lakes are man-made. They are called reservoirs. Some cities use reservoirs to store water for later use. This is Gibson Reservoir in Montana.
Slide 14 / 111 Ponds
A pond is similar to a lake except that it is smaller and shallower.
Slide 15 / 111 Ponds
Ponds can occur naturally or can be man-made. Some animals, like beavers, also make ponds . This beaver dam has created a pond in the waterway.
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How is a river different from a lake or pond? A river is a moving stream of freshwater. Rivers flow into
ponds, or even other rivers.
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The Mississippi River is
in the United States. It flows for about 2,500 miles. Can you find it on the map? What other large rivers do you see on this map?
The Mississippi River Slide 18 / 111 Where is Earth's Water?
Most of Earth's water is in the oceans. Only a very small part is freshwater. Freshwater exists in glaciers, lakes and rivers. It is even in the clouds!
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This is a river. It is the Gambia river in Africa. All of the photographs below show different types of bodies of water. What is each body of water called? Click any photograph to find out. This is an ocean. This is the Pacific
- cean off the coast
- f California.
This is a lake. It is Lake Bled in Slovenia.
Review: Types of Bodies of Water
This is a pond. How could you tell?
Slide 20 / 111 Land Versus Water Activity
Is Earth covered by more land or more water? Catch the globe to find out!
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1 The ocean is salty. Yes No
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2 Most of the Earth is covered by A land. B ocean. C freshwater.
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3 The water in a river is still. True False
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4 Which body of water is largest? A pond B lake C ocean
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5 A _____ is smaller and shallower than a lake. A river B ocean C pond
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6 Which of the following is fresh water? (More than one answer may be correct.) A pond B lake C ocean D river
Slide 27 / 111 Slide 28 / 111 Slide 29 / 111 Bodies of Water Demo and Water Venn Diagram Activity
What are the differences and similarities between
- ceans, rivers, lakes and ponds?
This demo and activity will show you.
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The Use of Maps
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Maps show us information about a specific area. Look at this map of the United States.
The Use of Maps
· What do the different colors mean? · How many different types of bodies of water can you find?
Slide 32 / 111 The Use of Maps
Maps can show the shapes and different kinds of land in an area, including different bodies of water. What kinds of formations does this map show?
Slide 33 / 111 The Use of Maps
Some maps show the depths of landforms. This is a map of a South Pole glacier. How deep is this glacier?
Slide 34 / 111 The Use of Maps
This is a 3-D map of the Atlantic Ocean. This map shows us a model of the land that lies beneath the
How would you describe the ocean floor?
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This is a topographic map of the United Kingdom. It shows the elevation of the land, with bodies of water in blue. What part of the United Kingdom has the highest elevation?
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7 Maps can show A land forms. B bodies of water. C elevation. D All of the above.
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8 In maps, bodies of water are always shown in the color A blue. B green. C brown. D yellow.
Slide 38 / 111 Landforms and Maps Activity
What types of landforms can you see on a map? In this activity, you will make your own map. Be creative!
Source: www.acsu.buffalo.edu
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Water's Changing Forms
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Slide 44 / 111 Weather and Climate
Weather is a short term description of the conditions in an area. Climate is the average weather conditions for an area. Antarctica's climate is the coldest on Earth.
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Different parts of the world have different climates. In some areas it is cold and snowy most of the time. In many colder climates, water exists as a solid (ice).
Water as a Solid Slide 46 / 111 Water as a Solid
Ice is the world's largest supply of freshwater. It covers about 3 percent
including most of Antarctica and Greenland.
Slide 47 / 111 Glaciers
A glacier is formed when new snow falls on old snow and all of the layers are pressed together. Glaciers make up a lot of the Earth's freshwater.
Slide 48 / 111 Why do many colder climates have a lot of ice?
Think about this. They have to be put in a place that is really cold, like a freezer. Remember, ice freezes at 32 °F (0 °C) . Ice forms when temperatures fall below 32 degrees Fahrenheit or 0 degrees Celsius. Where do you keep ice at your house? Click the ice to find out.
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In parts of the world where the climate is warm and rainy, water exists as a liquid. This is a photo of a rainforest in
and rainy most of the time.
Slide 50 / 111 Where on Earth can you find liquid water?
In these hot climates, most of the water exists as a liquid. Areas that are close to the equator have hot temperatures all year.
Slide 51 / 111 Changing States of Water
There are many parts of the world where the climate changes depending on the season. In these areas, it is the changing temperature during the different seasons that determines whether water is a liquid or a solid. The green areas in this map have variable seasons.
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During spring at this lake, temperatures reach above 32 °F (0 °C) and the water becomes a liquid. During winter, temperatures fall below freezing and the lake turns to ice. Notice the different forms
- f water in this
- lake. Which
photo has temperatures above 32 °F?
Changing States of Water Slide 53 / 111
This is a waterfall at Minnehaha Falls in Minneapolis,
- Minnesota. Each picture was taken during a different season.
Can you guess which photo is each season?
Changing States of Water Slide 54 / 111 States of Water Activity
How does water change into different states? Find out in this activity!
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9 When you listen to the news to see the temperature for the day, you are listening to the A weather. B climate.
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10 In what areas does water exist as a solid? A Places that are very cold. B Places that are very warm.
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11 Earth's glaciers are beginning to melt. Why might this be happening? A Earth is getting warmer. B Earth is getting colder.
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12 In what areas could you walk on water? (There can be more than one answer.) A The Arctic B A lake in a hot climate C A stream in the cold winter D A mountain glacier
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13 Where in the world can water exist as a liquid all year? A Antarctica B Along the equator C the northern United States
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14 The solid form of water is called ________. A ice B liquid C water
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15 Where on Earth would you find bodies of water that change from a liquid to a solid during the year? A Places that have changing seasons B Near Antarctica or the Arctic C Near the Equator
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16 To turn ice into liquid water, you must: A leave it in the freezer. B make it colder. C add heat.
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The Water Cycle
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Earth has a limited amount of water and that water keeps going around and around in different forms. This is called the water cycle .
The Water Cycle
Click the image to learn more about the water cycle.
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An increase in temperature. A decrease in temperature. An increase in temperature. A decrease in temperature. What makes a gas change into a liquid? What makes a liquid change into a gas? What makes a solid change into a liquid? What makes a liquid change into a solid?
The Water Cycle
Remember back to changing states of matter. Talk with your group about the following questions then click on each for an answer:
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The sun drives the water cycle. The heat of the sun makes the water molecules speed up. When this happens, water changes from one state to another.
The Water Cycle
How will sunshine affect the different states of water in this picture?
Slide 72 / 111 The Water Cycle
Evaporation occurs when liquid water changes into water vapor or gas. Evaporation
SLIDE 13 Slide 73 / 111 The Water Cycle
Transpiration is a special kind of evaporation which happens in plants. Follow the steps below (start at the roots!) (2) water moves up through the plant's stem to the leaves (1) water is taken up by a plant's roots (3) water exits the leaves and is evaporated back into the air
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When evaporated water (water vapor) reaches the atmosphere, it cools. The water molecules slow down and change back into liquid
- water. This process creates
the clouds.
The Water Cycle Slide 75 / 111
Condensation is when water vapor changes into liquid water.
The Water Cycle
Condensation
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When the clouds become too heavy, they release the water molecules back to the Earth. Temperature and the amount of moisture in the air determine what kind of precipitation falls.
The Water Cycle
Sleet Rain Snow Hail
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Precipitation is when water in the form of sleet, snow, rain or hail returns to Earth.
The Water Cycle
Precipitation
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Runoff and groundwater collect in Earth's oceans, lakes, rivers and ponds. The cycle begins again.
The Water Cycle
Click on the image to watch a video about the water cycle.
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Slide 79 / 111 Water Cycle Activity
In this activity, you will watch the water cycle happen in your own classroom! Be observant!
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17 What drives the water cycle? A Transpiration B Cloud formation C The sun
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18 When the sun heats up water, the molecules slow down. True False
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19 During evaporation, water changes from a liquid to a A solid. B liquid. C gas.
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20 Transpiration is when A water evaporates from plants. B water vapor cools to form clouds.
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21 Clouds form when water condenses onto dust particles. True False
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22 Sleet, snow, rain and hail are examples of A evaporation. B precipitation. C condensation.
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23 Which of the following shows the correct order of the water cycle ? A evaporation, precipitation, condensation B condensation, evaporation, precipitation C evaporation, condensation, precipitation
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Unit Review
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24 Most of Earth is covered in land. True False
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25 Most of the water on Earth is A salt water. B freshwater. C glaciers.
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26 Oceans are large bodies of ____ water. A fresh B salt
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27 A lake is a large body of still water. True False
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28 A river is different from a lake because it is A salt water. B still water. C moving water.
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29 Ponds are bigger and deeper than lakes. True False
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30 "Today will be cloudy with a high of 35." This is an example of A climate. B weather.
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31 Climate is the average weather of an area. True False
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32 Glaciers exist in areas where the temperature is A below 32 degrees F. B above 32 degrees F.
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33 Uganda is a country in Africa that is on the equator. Water in Uganda is A always solid. B always liquid. C sometims liquid and sometimes solid.
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34 Water would change between solid and liquid in an area where the temperature A changes between hot and cold. B is always cold. C is always hot.
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35 Solid water is called ice. True False
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36 The sun causes A condensation. B precipitation. C evaporation.
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37 When molecules heat up, they move faster. True False
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38 Precipitation occurs when liquid water in the sky falls to the ground. True False
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39 When water vapor changes to liquid in the sky, it is called A evaporation. B condensation. C precipitation.
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40 After water falls to the ground, it returns to the ocean via groundwater. True False
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41 Which of the options lists the water cycle in the correct
A The sun, condensation, evaporation, precipitation, groundwater. B Evaporation, condensation, the sun, precipitation, groundwater. C The sun, evaporation, condensation, precipitation, groundwater.
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