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www.njctl.org

Earth and Human Activity

Slide 2 / 95 Table of Contents

· Natural Resources · Renewable Resources · Nonrenewable Resources · Natural Hazards

Click on the topic to go to that section

· Fuels · Fossil Fuels and Electricity

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Natural Resources

Return to Table of Contents

Slide 4 / 95 Teacher Page

For this lesson you will need the following: ~ A copy of the Natural Resources Activity Page for each student. This will be the guide for their scavenger hunt around the room. ~ Once the students are done their activity, you will all discuss their

• findings. Make sure you collect their activity sheets for

documentation and completion. Click to go to Activity Page

Slide 5 / 95 Natural Resources

What are natural resources?

· Living and nonliving supplies that are found naturally on the Earth · Provided from nature Click above

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Distribution of Natural Resources

Natural resources are not evenly distributed on the

• Earth. Where there are

more natural resources, there are more people who live in those areas. This map shows the distribution of the population in the world. What connection can we make with the map above? The more populated an area is the more natural resources there are. Click

Slide 7 / 95 Natural Resources

fuel

• il

fish energy minerals soil animals sunlight flowers plants natural gas trees

• xygen

timber coal

• ceans

Teacher Notes

Slide 8 / 95 Natural Resources

There are two different types of resources: Renewable Resources Nonrenewable Resources

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Renewable Resources

Renewable resources are any natural resource that can be replenished naturally over time. Some examples of renewable resources are: · wind · sun · trees · wildlife

Slide 10 / 95 Nonrenewable Resources

Nonrenewable resources are resources that do not replenish themselves within this geological age. Some examples of nonrenewable resources are: · gas · oil · copper · gold · coal · fossil fuels

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All resources come from Earth!

fuel

• il

f i s h e n e r g y minerals soil a n i m a l s s u n l i g h t flowers plants natural gas t r e e s

• x

y g e n timber c

• a

l

• ceans

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1 Natural resorces do not come from Earth.

True False

Answer

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2 ______ is an example of a natural resource. A A bird B Coal C Air D Water E All of the above

Answer

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3 Natural resources are either renewable or non-

renewable. True False

Answer

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Activity - Natural Resources Scavenger Hunt

You will go on a scavenger hunt around room using the Natural Resources Activity Sheet. After completing the scavenger hunt, we will have a discussion about the findings.

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Renewable Resources

Return to Table of Contents

Slide 17 / 95 Teacher Page

For this lesson you will need the following: ~ 1 pringles can per group (2 students per group) ~ 1 skewer per group ~ 1 hot dog per group ~ 1 piece of transparency per group ~ tape

Go to Activity Page

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Renewable Resources

Renewable resources are any resources that can be replenished naturally over time. Some examples of renewable resources are: · Solar energy (sun) · Wind energy (wind) · Hydropower energy (water) · Biomass energy (living things) · Geothermal energy (heat)

Slide 19 / 95 Solar Energy

Solar energy is energy from the sun. It is our most powerful source of

• energy. Solar energy can be used for heating, lighting and cooling

buildings, generating electricity, heating water, and a variety of industrial processes.

Slide 20 / 95 Wind Energy

Energy from the wind is renewable. The energy of the wind has been used for centuries to sail ships and drive windmills that grind grain. Today, wind energy is captured by wind turbines and used to generate electricity.

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Hydropower

Water is a renewable resource, constantly recharged by the global cycle

• f evaporation and precipitation.

Flowing water can be used to power water wheels that drive mechanical

• processes. Captured by turbines and generators, like those housed at

many dams around the world, the energy of flowing water can be used to generate electricity.

Slide 22 / 95 Hydropower Slide 23 / 95 Biomass

Biomass is energy we get from burning organic or living matter. The most common biomass used is wood, but there are others such as crops, grasses and plants.

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Biomass

Biomass can be used to produce electricity and fuel for transportation or the manufacture products that would require the use of non-renewable fossil fuels.

Slide 25 / 95 Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy is the heat from inside Earth. This heat produces steam and hot water that is used to power generators and produce electricity. It also has applications such as home heating and power generation for industry.

Slide 26 / 95 Geothermal Energy

Geothermal energy can be drawn from deep underground reservoirs by drilling, or from other geothermal reservoirs closer to the surface.

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4 Renewable resources are resources that do not

replenish themselves over time. True False

Answer

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5 Biomass energy is energy that comes from burning

natural resoures. True False

Answer

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6 Solar energy is a renewable resource that comes

from the _____________. A Moon B Sun C Ground

Answer

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7 Can renewable resources be seen on Earth in

different forms of energy? Yes No

Answer

Slide 31 / 95 Activity - Solar Cooker

We know that solar energy is energy from the sun. The sun rays beating down on the Earth is a form of energy. We are going to do an activity that will demonstrate solar energy, that involves using the energy from the sun to heat an "oven" to cook a hot dog.

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Nonrenewable Resources

Return to Table of Contents

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Teacher Page

For this lesson you will need the following materials 1 per student: ~ Cookie with chips, raisins or m&m’s. ~ Toothpicks ~ Paper clips ~ Graph paper environment Click to see the activity page

Slide 34 / 95 Nonrenewable Natural Resources

Nonrenewable resources are natural resources that do not replenish themselves within this geological age. Some examples of nonrenewable resources are: · nuclear energy · coal · petroleum · gas · oil

Slide 35 / 95 Nuclear Energy

Nuclear fission uses uranium to create energy. Nuclear energy is a nonrenewable resource because once the uranium is used, it is gone.

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Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels form from ancient dead

• rganisms. Some examples are

coal, petroleum and natural gas. These are considered nonrenewable because they take millions of years to form.

Slide 37 / 95 Coal

Coal is a nonrenewable natural resource that comes from Earth and is naturally replenished but not at a rate that keeps up with how quickly it is being used. Coal is made up of plants and animals that have fossilized over many years. In order for people to get coal, it has to be mined from Earth's crust.

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8 Nonrenewable resources are resources that

replenish themselves fast enough for us to use. True False

Answer

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9 With your tablemates, list 5 examples of

nonrenewable resources.

Students type their answers here

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10 Mining coal is an example of removing a

nonrenewable resource from Earth and impacting the environment it is taken from. True False

Answer

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We are going to do an activity that will allow us to see how coal mining effects the environment that it comes from. You will complete this activity individually so that each

• f you is able to see how our environment is effected

when we mine.

Activity - Mining Slide 42 / 95

Quiz # 1 Slide 43 / 95

Fuels

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Slide 44 / 95 Teacher Page

For this lesson you will need the following: ~ Packet of dried peas or beans ~ Six airtight clear plastic bags ~ Water Click here for the activity

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Fuels

Let's review! There are two types of natural resources, what are they? Renewable and Nonrenewable

Slide 46 / 95 Review:

A resource that can be replenished naturally over time A resource that cannot be replenished naturally over time

What are Renewable Resources? What are Nonrenewable Resources?

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A fuel is a source of stored energy Fossil Fuels are natural substances made deep in the earth from the remains of plants and animals

What is fuel? What are fossil fuels?

Review: Slide 48 / 95

Consuming fuel can generate waste products,which affect the environment.

Fuel and the Environment

Teacher Notes

Slide 49 / 95 The Advantage of Fossil Fuels

Fossil fuels are highly concentrated stored energy. They are portable, and can be used in areas far from steady wind or solar power.

Coal trains can be 100 - 200 cars long. They bring coal all

• ver the world.

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11 Fuels are a source of stored energy, there are many

forms, some are renewable and some nonrenewable. True False

Answer

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12Fuels can generate waste products that

________________ the environment.

A improve B pollute C does not change

Answer

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13Fossil Fuels are natural substances made deep in

Earth from remains of plants and animals. True False

Answer

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14___________________ are fossil fuels such as

• il, coal and gas.

A organic fuels B renewable fuels C nonrenewable fuels

Answer

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Activity: Energy from Garbage

Some countries rely on garbage to cook their food and heat their homes. They have a special stove that has a compartment to put the garbage. When they turn on the burner, the gas leaves the compartment and they can light a flame. Sometimes they collect dried animal dung to add to the garbage. This produces a lot of gas. We are going to see if we can get gas from garbage.

Click for a video about a stove fueled by garbage

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Fossil Fuels and Electricity

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Slide 56 / 95 Teacher Page

For this activity, you will be doing demos, where the students will watch you. After the demos, discuss them. You will need the following items for the demos: Demo 1: ~ Length of wire, battery, nail, paper clips Demo 2: ~ Length of wire, battery, strong bar magnet, small compass, tape. Click here to see the demo activities

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Fossil Fuels and Electricity

Fossil fuels are natural substances made deep in the Earth from remains of plants and animals. Heat and pressure turn decomposing remains into fossil fuels.

What are fossil fuels?

Electricity is when electrons move through a wire

What is electricity?

Slide 58 / 95 Fossil Fuels and Electricity

Fossil fuels are used to generate energy. When coal is crushed into dust it gives a steady complete burn. What word here means "crushed"?

Slide 59 / 95 Fossil Fuels and Electricity Slide 60 / 95

Fossil Fuels and Electricity

The pulverized coal is then transferred into a furnace. The furnace is used to heat water that is located in surrounding pipes. The furnace burns the coal and the coal starts heating up.

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Magnets make electrons move in a wire. When we spin many magnets around lots of wire, we make electricity.

Electricity and Turbines

A Turbine

We can make the turbine spin by using fuels. In most cases, fuels heat water to steam, which is directed to spin the turbine. This happens in a power-plant.

Slide 62 / 95 Fossil Fuels and Electricity

As the burning coal heats up, the water heats up as well. The water becomes steam. The steam is then transferred through a pipe to a turbine.

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Fossil Fuels and Electricity

The turbine is connected to the generator, that contains the roller. The roller is attached to large magnets, and as the roller spins, electricity is produced. The electricity produced is transfers to us through the power lines in

• ur neighborhoods and allows us to have electricity in our houses.

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This is a diagram of a turbine. It has a fanlike wheel, which spins magnets within the wheel around a central set of wires. Moving magnets around wires creates electricity.

Turbines

Wind, water behind a dam, and flowing water can all be used to spin the turbine; the model is essentially the same.

Steam Electricity Wind, water behind a dam, and flowing water can also be used to spin the turbine. There are many ways to spin the turbine, the most common way is with

• steam. Nuclear power,

coal and oil plants use these fuels to boil water inorder to create steam.

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15 Fossil Fuels are used to generate energy.

True False

Answer

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16 What is an example of a real life situation where we

use energy from fossil fuels to generate energy?

A

eating dinner

B

heating your house with oil

C solar power D hydropower E flashlights

Answer

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Purpose: Magnets and electricity are related and can be used to create each other. Demo 1: Electricity can be used to make a magnet. Materials: Length of wire, battery, nail, paper clips. Procedure: Create an electromagnet as shown. Use the nail end (while connected) to lift paper clips.

Demo - Magnets and Electricity Slide 68 / 95

Demo 2: Magnets can be used to move electrons in a wire. Materials: length of wire, battery, strong bar magnet, small compass, tape. Procedure: tape middle of wire to surface, place compass on wire. (North – south should be parallel to the wire.) Create a complete circuit with the battery to show that if electricity is present, the compass needle moves.

Demo - Magnets and Electricity cont.

Create loops in part of the wire that is not touching the compass so that the bar magnet can be pushed and pulled through the loops. Move the magnet through the loops and watch the compass needle move! What happens if you move the magnet through the loops in the opposite direction? What happens if you simply keep the magnet inside the loops?

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Quiz # 2 Slide 70 / 95

Natural Hazards

Return to Table of Contents

Slide 71 / 95 Teacher Page

There are 2 activities to complete for this portion of the unit. Lesson 1 will end with Natural Hazards Current/ Recent Event Activity 1. For this activity, you will need 3-4 days and a computer lab to complete. For this activity page click the link below to see the activity. Click to go to Natural Hazards Activity 1

Next page is the teacher page for the next lesson and activity.

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Teacher Page

Lesson 2 will end with the constructing an earthquake proof building. For this activity you will need the following: ~ mini marshmallows (at least 30 for each group) ~ toothpicks (at least 30 for each group) ~ the day before the lesson, you will need to prepare the ground that will represent the earthquake. You will need a 8.5" x 11" pan with a packet of jello made and hardened for the next day to be the testing ground. Click here to go to the activity page

Slide 73 / 95 Natural Hazards

Our Earth goes through a number of natural processes. Many of Earth's processes are produced by nature and cannot be controlled or predicted by human beings. Some of Earth's natural processes include earthquakes, floods, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions.

Slide 74 / 95 Earthquakes

Earthquakes are defined as the shaking that results from the movement of rock beneath Earth's surface. The movement of Earth's plates creates powerful forces that squeeze or pull the rock in the crust causing a change on Earth.

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Floods

Floods are an overflowing of a large amount of water where it is not normally found, such as over what is normally dry land.

Slide 76 / 95 Tsunamis

Most earthquakes and volcanoes occur along the coastlines. This can cause tsunamis to occur. Tsunamis are a series of large waves produced by an earthquake beneath the ocean. The change in the ocean floor causes the water to be moved.

Slide 77 / 95 Volcanoes

Volcanoes are openings in the surface of the Earth. When pressure builds under the Earth's surface, volcanoes will erupt. When volcanoes erupt, hot steam, ash and gases come out and huge chunks of rock and lava are pushed into the air. Lava is liquid magma that reaches the surface.

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17 Natural Earth Processes are processes that are

produced by nature, not humans. True False

Answer

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18 Examples of Earth's natural processes include

earthquakes, floods, tsunamis and volcanic eruptions. True False

Answer

Slide 80 / 95 Prediction of Natural Hazards

Being able to predict when these events will occur is necessary in order to protect human lives and structures on the Earth. What are different ways you can think of that we use to predict/detect these events?

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Meteorology

Everyday we experience the changing weather and are alerted of these changes from a meteorologist. Meteorologists read satellites that provide information about weather patterns. They then predict weather that is headed our way. Meteorologists help us understand our weather as well as why these natural hazards occur. Click here to learn about this career

Slide 82 / 95 Predicting Natural Hazards

The predictions from meteorologists allow us to prepare for different

• storms. It allows us to protect our belongings which could be ruined
• r destroyed from earthquakes and floods.

With natural storms, communication is very important when alerting people so that they can be safe. What are some ways that people are alerted of natural storms?

Slide 83 / 95 Communicating about Natural Hazards

People are alerted of natural storms in many different ways. Communication is very important when alerting people about storms! TV Weather Alerts The Weather Channel The News Text Messages Social Media

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Natural Hazard Emergency Plans

With natural storms, it is very important to have shelter and evacuation systems in place. People are encouraged to have emergency plans in place, so that in an emergency their families will all know what to do. Discuss: Does your family have any emergency plans in place?

Slide 85 / 95 Activity - Recent Natural Disasters

Using the activity sheet, you will research a current event or recent natural storm and make a presentation that will allow us to see the following: ~ How the meteorologist communicated the event ~ Communication to all the people who were going to be effected by the storm. ~ Were people evacuated from the areas? Did everyone leave? ~ Effects of the storm on the land.

Teacher Notes

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Natural disasters such as floods, fires, earthquakes, tornados and windstorms affect thousands of people every year. Recognizing an impending hazard and knowing what to do to protect yourself and your family will help you take effective steps to prepare beforehand and aid recovery after the event. Some of the things you can do to prepare for the unexpected, such as assembling a supply kit and developing a family emergency plan, are the same for all types of hazards.

Activity Teacher Notes Slide 87 / 95

Earthquake Preparations

While we know that the Earth's Natural Processes create events such as earthquakes, it is important to prepare for them if you live in areas that are effected by earthquakes more often than others. California has a high amount of earthquakes so the people there have to have a plan in place if one occurs.

Slide 88 / 95 Earthquake Damage

Major earthquakes in the US have damaged and destroyed numerous buildings, bridges and many other structures in the country. Below is a picture from a 1994 earthquake in

• California. You can see

the damage caused to the bridge.

Slide 89 / 95 Earthquakes and Buildings

By watching how buildings respond to earthquakes, engineers and scientists have gained knowledge to improve buildings abilities to survive earthquakes. The picture to the right is a picture

• f the Transamerica Pyramid in San

Francisco, that was built to withstand earthquakes. In the 1989 earthquake that happened in Loma Prieta, California, the building swayed 1 foot, but withstood the earthquake.

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In order to build structures that can withstand earthquakes, engineers need to understand what the shaking does to these different structures.

Earthquake-Proof Buildings

Today there are instruments installed in buildings such as hospitals, bridges, dams that are prone to earthquakes, to protect the structures.

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This picture shows a model

• f a building that can

withstand an earthquake.

Activity - Earthquake-Proof Building

Earthquakes cause walls to crack, foundations to move and entire buildings to crumble. Engineers are faced with the challenge of designing buildings that are earthquake proof. We know that the ground shaking during earthquakes causes damage to buildings.

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Today, you will become engineers and build a building that will be earthquake proof! Working with a partner, you will construct an earthquake proof building and test it to see if it will withstand an "earthquake".

Activity - Earthquake-Proof Building Slide 93 / 95

Quiz # 3 Unit Exam Slide 94 / 95 Slide 95 / 95