[PDF] - E xa mple Pro je c ts E c o lo g ic a l Re sto ra tio n & Ste PDF Document

SLIDE 1

1

Ce nte r fo r E c o lo g ic a l Re sto ra tio n & Ste wa rdship

a divisio n o f Circ uit Ride r Pro duc tio ns, I nc .

E

c o lo g ic al re sto ratio n: planning , de sig n, imple me nta tio n & mo nito ring

Ca lifo rnia native pla nts nurse ry
Wa te rshe d a sse ssme nt
GI

S a nd natura l re so urc e s ma pping

Sc ie nc e -b a se d e nviro nme ntal e duc a tio n

– sc ho o l a nd c o mmunity

Applie d re se a rc h

E xa mple Pro je c ts

NOAA Russia n Rive r GI

S, Russia n Rive r I nte ra c tive I nfo rma tio n Syste m & NOAA Ce ntra l Co a st Re c o ve ry Pla nning T

o l (GI

S, we b site , Arc I MS, mo de ling )

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c o lo g ic a l Re sto ra tio n – pla nt pro pa g a tio n, de sig n, pla nning a nd re sto ra tio n o f a ll pla nt c o mmunitie s in CA, e nda ng e re d pla nt pro pa g a tio n, e nha nc e me nt o f e nda ng e re d spe c ie s ha b ita t

Wa te rshe d E

nha nc e me nt Pla ns: Na va rro , Big , Ga rc ia , Gua la la , Russia n Rive rs

Pub lic a tio ns: Ac o rn to Oak, Ripa ria n Guide s, Pie rc e ’ s

Dise a se Ma nua l

E

nviro nme nta l E duc a tio n: 80 stude nts e a c h ye a r in sc ie nc e b a se d wa te rshe d re sto ra tio n c la ss

Ripa ria n Co rrido rs func tio ns, va lue s & re sto ra tio n a ppro a c he s

ripa ria n c o rrido rs & b io lo g ic al dive rsity
inte ra c tio n o f physic al a nd b io tic

pro c e sse s

te mpo ral a nd spa tia l sc ale s
the ro le o f a da ptive ma na g e me nt in

stre a m c o rrido r re sto ra tio n

the “Hippo c ra tic Oa th o f Re sto ra tio n”
e xa mple s & implic a tio ns: the g o o d, the

b a d a nd the ne utra l (aka “b a d”)

to wa rds susta ina b ility: putting re sto ra tio n

e c o lo g ists o ut o f b usine ss

c urre nt issue s in re sto ra tio n e c o lo g y

Wha t is E c o lo g ic a l Re sto ra tio n?

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nte ntio na l a c tivity tha t initia te s o r a c c e le ra te s the re c o ve ry o f a n e c o syste m, with re spe c t to its he a lth, inte g rity a nd susta ina b ility (So c ie ty fo r E c o lo g ic a l Re sto ra tio n, 2002)

Re -e sta b lishme nt o f the se lf-susta ining struc ture a nd

func tio n o f e c o syste ms (USDA, 2000)

Pro c e ss o f re turning a n e c o syste m a s c lo se ly a s po ssib le

to pre -disturb a nc e c o nditio ns (USDA, 2000)

Re sto ra tio n a s a re spo nse to e c o syste m

de g ra da tio n/ tra nsfo rma tio n c a use d b y huma ns o r na tura l e ve nts (e g , flo o d, fire , e a rthq ua ke , vo lc a nic e rup tio n)

Re la te d te rms/ c o nc e pts: re ve g e ta tio n, re c la ma tio n,

c o nse rva tio n, re ha b ilita tio n, mitig a tio n, c re a tio n, b io - e ng ine e ring

Wha t is suc c e ssful re sto ratio n?

Sta ke ho lde r Suc c e ss a e sthe tic s e c o no mic e le me nts re c re a tio n e duc a tio n L e a rning Suc c e ss Sc ie ntific c o ntrib utio n Ma na g e me nt e xpe rie nc e I mpro ve d me tho ds E c o lo g ic a l Suc c e ss g uiding ima g e / g o a ls me a sura ble e c o lo g ic a l impro ve me nt Se lf-susta ining Do no ha rm Asse ssme nt c o mple te d a nd sha re d

E c o lo g ic a l Suc c e ss is Mo re T ha n Co mple tio n

De sire d F

uture Co nditio ns: de sig n o f a n e c o lo g ic a l rive r re sto ra tio n pro je c t sho uld b e b a se d o n a spe c ifie d g uiding ima g e o f a mo re dyna mic , he a lthy rive r tha t c o uld e xist (a t site o r la ndsc a pe sc a le )

E

va lua tio n: the rive r’ s e c o lo g ic a l c o nditio n must b e me a sura b ly impro ve d

Susta ina b ility: rive r syste m must b e mo re se lf-susta ining

a nd re silie nt to e xte rna l pe rturb a tio ns so tha t o nly minima l fo llo w-up ma inte na nc e is ne e de d.

“Hippo c ra tic Oa th – do no ha rm”: during the

c o nstruc tio n pha se , no la sting ha rm sho uld b e inflic te d

n the e c o syste m.
I

nfo rma tio n e xc ha ng e / pe e r re vie w: pre - a nd po st- a sse ssme nt must b e c o mple te d a nd da ta ma de pub lic ly a va ila ble .

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 1 of 16

SLIDE 2

2

Bio dive rsity a s a Unifying T he me fo r Rive r Re sto ra tio n (Wa rd a nd T

c kne r)
Multiple spe c ie s – no t sing le spe c ie s

drive n

E

valua tio n o f dyna mic physic a l a nd b io lo g ic a l pro c e sse s a t multiple sc a le s

Sustaina b ility: re sto ra tio n o f physic a l

a nd b io lo g ic a l pro c e sse s

E ng a g ing in e c o lo g ic al re sto ra tio n is like be ing a n E R do c to r – life ha ng s in the b ala nc e . We a re re spo nsible to b e pre pa re d, use the b e st a va ila ble da ta , ta ke it se rio usly a nd imple me nt it we ll….

Ripa ria n Co rrido rs func tio ns, va lue s & re sto ra tio n a ppro a c he s

ripa ria n c o rrido rs & b io lo g ic al dive rsity
inte ra c tio n o f physic al a nd b io tic

pro c e sse s

te mpo ral a nd spa tia l sc ale s
the ro le o f a da ptive ma na g e me nt in

stre a m c o rrido r re sto ra tio n

the “Hippo c ra tic Oa th o f Re sto ra tio n”
e xa mple s & implic a tio ns: the g o o d, the

b a d a nd the ne utra l (aka “b a d”)

c urre nt issue s in re sto ra tio n e c o lo g y
to wa rds susta ina b ility: putting re sto ra tio n

e c o lo g ists o ut o f b usine ss

Ripa ria n Co rrido rs: c e nte rs o f b io dive rsity

Sma ll % o f la ndsc a pe
Mo ist e nviro nme nt in

Me dite rra ne a n c lima te

Dyna mic inte ra c tio ns

a mo ng ha b ita t type s/ e c o to ne s/ e dg e ha b ita ts

Co nduit fo r

mo ve me nt o f te rre stria l a nd a q ua tic

rg a nisms

Ripa ria n Co rrido rs: Be ne fits a nd Va lue s

Critic al fo r suppo rting

sa lmo nid po pulatio ns

Suppo rt o ve r ¾ o f the

a mphibia ns a nd ½ o f the re ptile s in Califo rnia

Re side nt a nd mig ra to ry bird

spe c ie s de pe nde nt o n ripa ria n zo ne s

I

mpo rta nt fo r ma intaining wa te r q uality

Ro le in se dime nt re duc tio n

a nd e ro sio n c o ntro l

I mpo rta nc e o f Unde rsta nding the E c o syste ms to b e Re sto re d

Multiple spa tia l a nd te mpo ra l sc a le s
Wa te rshe d pro c e sse s
Stre a m pro c e sse s: physic a l, b io lo g ic a l,

a q ua tic , te rre strial

Org a nisms: physio lo g y, ha b ita t, inte ra c tio ns

with o the r b io tic a nd a b io tic fe a ture s

Ne e d fo r multi-disc iplina ry te a ms

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 2 of 16

SLIDE 3

3 Ho w the Wa te rshe d I nflue nc e s the Ripa ria n Co rrido r

Wa te rshe d Size
Clima te
Slo pe / Aspe c t
Se dime nt T

ra nspo rt

Hydro lo g y
Ge o mo rpho lo g y
Se e ds & Pro pa g ule s
L

a nd Use

Physic a l Pro c e sse s Suppo rt Bio lo g ic a l Pro c e sse s: T he F

undation fo r He a lthy

Ripa ria n Co rrido rs a nd Bio lo g ic a l Dive rsity

T

Unde rsta nd & Re sto re Rive r Syste ms,

F luvial Ge o mo rpho lo g y Ne e ds to b e a Ho use ho ld Wo rd !! I nte ra c tio ns Amo ng Physic a l/ Bio lo g ic a l Pro c e sse s & F e a ture s

F

lo o ding

E

le vatio na l g ra die nts

Stre a m me a nde ring

Stre a m Hydro lo g y: F lo o ding

Nutrie nt c o ntrib utio ns
Ge o mo rphic mo dific a tio ns
Se dime nt tra nspo rt &

de po sitio n

E le va tio na l Gra die nts a nd Ripa ria n Pla nt Co mmunitie s Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 3 of 16

SLIDE 4

4

Stre a m Me a nde ring

Ge o mo rphic &

hydro lo g ic dive rsity

Cre a tio n o f b a c kwa te rs,
xb o ws a nd slo ug hs
Wo o dy de b ris

c o ntrib utio ns

Ne w spa c e fo r

c o lo niza tio n (g ra ve l b a r fo rma tio n--- e c o lo g ic al suc c e ssio n) Cha nne l mig ra tio n 1850-2000: 2 mile s

E c o lo g ic a l Suc c e ssio n: pro g re ssive re pla c e me nt o f pla nt c o mmunitie s Suc c ession in R ipar ian Systems

Distur

banc e Gr adient:

a c tive c ha nne l = lo w e le va tio n/ hig h disturb a nc e , flo o dpla in = hig he r e le va tio n/ lo we r disturb a nc e

Complexity Gr

adient: simple to c o mple x

(fe w spe c ie s/ c o nsiste nt struc ture ----->ma ny spe c ie s/ c o mple x a nd dive rse struc ture )

Moistur

e Gr adient:

a c tive c ha nne l = hig he r mo isture le ve ls flo o dpla in = lo we r mo isture le ve ls

Suc c e ssio na l Sta g e & Struc tura l Co mple xity Affe c ts Bio lo g ic a l Dive rsity

De a d Sta nding T re e s a nd Ca vity Ne sting Spe c ie s

De a d Wo o d a nd De b ris: De a th a nd Dive rsity Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 4 of 16

SLIDE 5

5 T he Ro le o f Ripa ria n Ha b ita t in the Sa lmo nid L ife Cyc le

Sha ding / te mpe ra ture
Disso lve d o xyg e n
L

a rg e wo o dy de b ris

I

n-stre a m struc ture

Ba nk struc ture
Buffe rs se dime nts a nd
the r po lluta nts
I

nse c t a nd le a f litte r c o ntrib utio ns

Sa lmo nids: I ndic a to rs o f Wa te rshe d He a lth

I

de a l wa te rshe d c o nditio ns fo r sa lmo nids usua lly c o rre la te d with hig h le ve ls o f bio lo g ic al dive rsity

F

a c to rs limiting the survival o f sa lmo nids a re o fte n tho se a ddre sse d b y stre a m c o rrido r re sto ra tio n

Wa te rshe d re sto ra tio n/ limiting

fa c to rs a na lysis (No rth Co a st Wa te rshe d Asse ssme nt Pro g ra m/ E MDS)

E

xc e ptio ns to sa lmo n-fo c use d re sto ra tio n pla nning : o the r e nda ng e re d spe c ie s

Ripa ria n Co rrido r Width

Hydro lo g ic a nd g e o mo rphic pro c e sse s
Dive rsity o f suc c e ssio nal sta g e s/ a g e c la sse s
Struc tura l dive rsity/ ha b ita t dive rsity
Dive rsity o f plant a nd a nimal spe c ie s
Se lf-susta ining e c o syste ms

Ripa ria n Co rrido rs func tio ns, va lue s & re sto ra tio n a ppro a c he s

ripa ria n c o rrido rs & b io lo g ic al dive rsity
inte ra c tio n o f physic al a nd b io tic

pro c e sse s

te mpo ral a nd spa tia l sc ale s
the ro le o f a da ptive ma na g e me nt in

stre a m c o rrido r re sto ra tio n

the “Hippo c ra tic Oa th o f Re sto ra tio n”
e xa mple s & implic a tio ns: the g o o d, the

b a d a nd the ne utra l (aka “b a d”)

c urre nt issue s in re sto ra tio n e c o lo g y
to wa rds susta ina b ility: putting re sto ra tio n

e c o lo g ists o ut o f b usine ss

Ada ptive Ma na g e me nt & Suc c e ssful E c o lo g ic a l Re sto ra tio n

Sc ie nc e -b a se d de c isio n ma king
Re sto ra tio n must b e e va lua te d –

c o mple tio n do e s no t e q ua l suc c e ss – ma ny “re sto ra tio n” pro je c ts a re ne utra l o r ne g a tive

E

ffic ie nt use o f re so urc e s (e g , funding , la b o r)

I

nc re a sing c o mmunity kno wle dg e a b o ut suc c e ssful pro c e sse s & te c hniq ue s

Pub lic re la tio ns/ susta ina b ility o f

the re sto ra tio n fie ld Co mpre he nsive Pro c e ss fo r E c o lo g ic al Re sto ra tio n: the Ada ptive Ma na g e me nt Mo de l

Assessment Planning Monitor ing Design Imple mentation

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 5 of 16

SLIDE 6

6

Ada ptive Ma na g e me nt in Pra c tic e

Pro je c t te a m kno wle dg e a b le a b o ut the

e c o syste m

De ta ile d a sse ssme nt a t multiple sc a le s a llo ws us to

de ve lo p a se t o f “de sire d future c o nditio ns” b a se d o n physic a l, e c o lo g ic al a nd so c io - e c o no mic c rite ria

De sire d future c o nditio ns b e c o me the b a sis fo r

the re sto ra tio n de sig n a nd imple me nta tio n pro c e ss

I

nitia l a sse ssme nt pro c e ss is the n mirro re d in the mo nito ring pro c e ss, a llo wing fo r a n e va lua tio n o f the de g re e to whic h the “de sire d future c o nditio ns” ha ve b e e n me t, o r a re like ly to b e a tta ine d.

Asse ssme nt Pha se

Pre limina ry de te rmina tio n o f pro je c t sc a le : te mpo ra l a nd

spa tia l

Re vie w o f the sc ie ntific lite ra ture
Re vie w o f the g re y lite ra ture
I

nve nto ry o f b io tic / a b io tic info rma tio n

Co mpila tio n o f spa tia l a nd no n-spa tia l da ta
Ana lysis o f histo ric info rma tio n
I

de ntific a tio n o f da ta g a ps

Pro po se d a sse ssme nts to fill da ta g a ps
E

sta b lishme nt o f pro to c o ls/ me tho ds fo r da ta g a the ring (fie ld, re mo te se nsing , e tc )

Summa ry o f so c io -e c o no mic c o nside ra tio ns
E

va lua tio n o f c o nstra ints

Se le c tio n o f re fe re nc e site s o r c o nditio ns
Asse ssme nt re po rt a nd pre limina ry re c o mme nda tio ns

Asse ssme nt T

o ls
I

ma g e ry: a e ria ls, L a ndSa t, I K ONOS, e tc .

Gro und-truthing using

q ualita tive me tho ds – b ro a d, o c ula r e stima te s

Gro und-truthing using

de ta ile d q ua ntita tive sa mpling : tra nse c ts, q ua dra ts, line inte rc e pt

Glo b al Po sitio ning

Syste ms

GI

S (da ta o rg a niza tio n a nd a nalysis)

Diffe re nt Asse ssme nt Appro a c he s fo r Diffe re nt Pla nt Co mmunitie s

Qua lita tive vs Qua ntita tive Asse ssme nt T e c hniq ue s

Qualitative:
c ula r/ visual e stima te s/ “g e stalt”

use d in la rg e a nd small sc ale a sse ssme nts (e g , CNPS, pe rc e nt c o ve r c a te g o rie s).

Quantitative:

re pe a ta ble a e rial pho to s ima g e ry c la ssific a tio n tra nse c ts, plo ts, e tc .

BOTH APPROACHES ARE VALUABLE. CHOICE DEPENDS ON SCALE, BUDGET, USE OF DATA

Be ne fits o f Qua ntita tive Appro a c h

Re sto ra tio n a s e xpe rime ntal

ma nipulatio n

Re plic a b le / te sta b le
Ca n b e inte g ra te d/ e xtra po la te d in
the r e ffo rts
Da ta c a n b e mo re e ffe c tive ly

sha re d – “a pple s a nd a pple s”

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 6 of 16

SLIDE 7

7

Ve g e ta tio n Asse ssme nt Appro a c he s

Ca lifo rnia De pa rtme nt o f F

ish a nd Ga me – Wildlife Ha b ita ts Re la tio nship Syste m (pre dic tive mo de l)

CDF

G Ve g CAMP (Ve g e ta tio n Cla ssific a tio n a nd Ma pping – multiple sc a le s)

Ca lifo rnia Na tura l Dive rsity Da ta b a se / Ma nua l o f

Ca lifo rnia Ve g e ta tio n

Ca lifo rnia Na tive Pla nt So c ie ty – ra pid a sse ssme nt

pro to c o l

US F
re st Se rvic e Re le ve me tho d
CDF

G I n-stre a m Ma nua l

De ta ile d e c o lo g ic a l sa mpling (q ua ntita tive )
Re mo te se nsing (q ua ntita tive )

*Releve: ocular estimate of vegetation used to rapidly classify large stands

Sc a le a nd Ve g e ta tio n Asse ssme nt

Stream corridor scale Landscape scale Reach scale

Asse ssing Huma n I mpa c ts to Wa te rshe ds

Ro a ds: alte r g e o mo rpho lo g y, ve g e tatio n

c o ve r a nd c ha ng e runo ff a nd hydro lo g ic patte rns

Da ms: alte r hydro lo g y & se dime nt

transpo rt, b a rrie r to a q uatic o rg a nisms

Urb a n de ve lo pme nt: impe rvio us

surfa c e s/ hydro lo g ic mo dific a tio ns, wa te r dive rsio n, ve g e tatio n re mo val, c ha nne lizatio n o f c re e ks, po llutio n

Ag ric ultural De ve lo pme nt: ve g e tatio n

mo dific a tio n, g e o mo rphic mo dific a tio ns, wa te r dive rsio ns, se dime nt runo ff

Gra ve l Mining : pit c a pture , ve g e tatio n

lo ss, alte ratio n o f suc c e ssio na l pro c e sse s, g e o mo rphic mo dific a tio ns to c ha nne l a nd flo o dpla in

I

nva sive Spe c ie s: c o mmunity a nd e c o syste m e ffe c ts

Bidwe ll Cre e k: Asse ssme nt Pha se

Sc ie ntific lite ra ture (fre shwa te r

shrimp)

E

xisting re po rts (CDF G, e tc )

Sc a le c o nside ra tio ns
Ae ria l pho to inte rpre ta tio n

(c o rrido r wid th, # pa rc e ls, la nd use )

Gro und truthing : e ro sio n, c o ve r,

inva sive s, pla nt c o mmunity

GI

S da ta c o mpila tio n a nd de ve lo pme nt

Ne e d fo r te mpe ra ture a sse ssme nt
E

nda ng e re d spe c ie s

I nve nto ry o f Se dime nt & He a t So urc e s Bidwe ll Cre e k

In-str eam c r

ssing

Bank failur e & lac k of r ipar ian vegetation

Pla nning Pha se

(with pa rtne rs, la ndo wne rs/ ma na g e rs, a dviso ry g ro ups)

Re vie w o f a sse ssme nt re po rt/ da ta
Pro b le m ide ntific a tio n
I

de ntific a tio n a nd prio ritiza tio n o f re sto ra tio n pro je c t g o als, o b je c tive s & ac tio ns

Re fine me nt o f te mpo ral a nd spa tia l sc ale
Pe rmitting a nd re g ula to ry re q uire me nts
I

de ntific a tio n o f de sig n/ imple me nta tio n c rite ria

Re fine d a sse ssme nt pla n a nd pro to c o ls
Mo nito ring plan – mirro rs a sse ssme nt pro to c o ls
F

unding Pla n

Re sto ra tio n Pla n de ve lo pme nt (a ll o f a b o ve ,

ite ra tive )

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 7 of 16

SLIDE 8

8

Bidwe ll Cre e k: Pla nning Pha se

Go a ls:

a ) re duc e in-stre a m se dime nt a nd te mpe ra ture po llutio n le ve ls to b e ne fit a q ua tic o rg a nisms b ) inc re a se b io lo g ic al dive rsity c ) e nha nc e ha b ita t c o nne c tivity – a q ua tic a nd te rre stria l d) inc re a se c o mmunity unde rsta nding a nd a ppre c ia tio n o f Bidwe ll/ F ra nz wa te rshe d

Bidwe ll Cre e k: Pla nning Pha se

Pr

ior ity Ac tions: a ) re mo ve in-stre am c ro ssing s b ) re mo ve in-stre am dam (sa lmo nid b arrie r) c ) I nte rnal a nd sha re d b o unda ry fe nc e re mo va l d ) re mo ve inva sive spe c ie s e ) e sta blish a wide r ripa ria n c o rrido r f) invo lve mo re la ndo wne rs g ) o b ta in re g ulato ry c o nsultatio n a nd pe rmits h) ide ntify a nd imple me nt a dditio na l a sse ssme nt (te mpe ra ture data lo g g e rs, e xpe rime nta l re se a rc h) I ) ide ntific a tio n o f ba sic mo nito ring pla n

De sig n Pha se

De ta ile d spe c ific a tio ns fo r pro je c t imple me nta tio n –

e a sily unde rsto o d a nd e xe c ute d with minima l site kno wle dg e

Ofte n in CAD/ GI

S fo rma t o n to po o r a e ria l pho to b a se

L

a yo ut b a se d o n na tura l site c ha ra c te ristic s: e le va tio n, spe c ie s c o mpo sitio n, de nsity.

Cle a r spe c ific a tio ns re : site pre pa ra tio n, insta lla tio n

te c hniq ue s, pla nt ma te ria ls, ha rdwa re pro te c tio n

Re q uire d e le me nts: a ) ma ppe d da ta : sc a le , pro je c t

lo c a tio n, pro je c t zo ne s, b ) sc he dule fo r imple me nta tio n, c ) de ta ile d ma inte na nc e / irrig a tio n pro g ra m, d) o the r no te s a s ne e de d

Suc c e ssful Na tive Pla nt Re ve g e ta tio n

Quality De sig n
Pla nt Ma te ria ls
T

iming

L
g istic s
Site Pre pa ra tio n
I

nsta lla tio n T e c hniq ue s

Pla nt Pro te c tio n Optio ns
Ma inte na nc e
I

rrig a tio n

Mo nito ring a nd Ada ptive Ma na g e me nt

Pla nt Mate ria ls

L
c ally Co lle c te d

Ma te rial

Nurse ry Sto c k: size , c o st

a nd timing c o nside ra tio ns

Dire c t Se e ding : b uc ke ye ,

b a ys, o a ks

Do rma nt Cutting s: willo w

a nd c o tto nwo o d

T

ra nspla nts: rushe s, se dg e s, g ra sse s, o the rs

Na tive Pla nt Co nta ine r Sto c k

I

nsta ll F all-Spring

So il sho uld b e na tura lly
r a rtific ially satura te d
So il sho uld c o ntinue to

b e mo ist thro ug ho ut ro o t zo ne first ye a r

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 8 of 16

SLIDE 9

9

Dire c t Se e ding : la rg e -se e de d pla nts with a “pa c ke d lunc h” (e xa mple s: b uc ke ye , o a ks, b a y, wa lnut)

Fall/Winter Installation Do rma nt Cutting s: willo ws a nd c o tto nwo o ds

dor manc y a nd moistur e

Suc c e ssful sprig insta lla tio n (na tive s o nly!!!)

Select smooth bark branches Cut with clean, sharp loppers/shears Diameter: ¼ “ to 4 “ After pounding in, cut off ragged top

E me rg e nt T ra nspla nts se dg e s, rushe s, o the r we tla nd pla nts

Ma y b e pla nte d

into Spring Se nsitive Co lle c ting o f Pla nt Ma te ria ls e a c h o ne is pa rt o f a n e c o syste m

Se e ds
Cutting s
T

ra nspla nts

T iming : Pro je c t Suc c e ss De pe nds Upo n Se ve ral Va ria b le s

Pro je c t Site / Ge o g ra phic

Are a / Clima te

L
c al site c o nditio ns: e g

flo o dpla in o r c ha nne l

Spe c ie s physio lo g y:

e nviro nme nta l a da pta tio ns, re pro duc tive stra te g ie s

I

rrig a tio n

Ge ne ral Rule :

L a te F a ll thro ug h E a rly Spring

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 9 of 16

SLIDE 10

10 Pla nt Pro te c tio n Optio ns

(o r, ho w to a c hie ve the unna tura l sta te o f hig h survival)

He rb ivo re Bro wse : inse c ts, ro de nts,

de e r, c a ttle , e tc .

We e d Co mpe titio n: a nnua l g ra sse s,

he rb a c e o us spe c ie s

Be lo w-g ro und he rb ivo re s: ro de nts,

inse c ts

T ub e x/ T re e She lte rs

Sc re e n a nd Co lla r

T he (o fte n e xpe nsive & to o o fte n igno re d ) Ma inte na nc e Pha se

I

nfo rmal mo nito ring a nd pro ble m ide ntific a tio n (still the re ? alive ? wo rking ? a ppro pria te de sig n spe c s? )

Struc tura l re pa irs (irrig a tio n syste ms, e ro sio n

c o ntro l fe a ture s, ta rps)

Ha nd wa te ring in re mo te / diffic ult lo c a tio ns
We e ding
E

valua tio n o f da ma g e fro m re sto ra tio n pra c tic e s

Upda te o f re sto ra tio n pla n and de sig n

b a se d o n issue s e nc o unte re d

I rrig a tio n

No I

rrig a tio n a ppro a c h: re q uire s g re a t pro je c t pla nning a nd c o o pe ra tio n o f the we a the r

Ha nd I

rrig a tio n: g iving the pla nts a n e dg e during e a rly e sta b lishme nt

I

rrig a tio n Syste ms: b e ne fits

I

rrig a tio n Syste ms: do wnside s (c o st, va ndalism, plant de pe nde nc e , fa lse se nse o f suc c e ss)

Mo nito ring a nd E va lua tio n Pha se

Re vie w b a se line a sse ssme nt da ta a nd pro to c o ls
Re vie w a nd upda te mo nito ring pla n
Re spo nse to re sto ra tio n: c o mpa re b a se line

a sse ssme nt da ta with mo nito ring da ta (re spo nse va ria b le s: e x. se dime nt, c o ve r, te mpe ra ture , dive rsity, struc ture )

T

ype s o f mo nito ring : individual (e g , surviva l b y spe c ie s, g ro wth ra te s, re pro duc tive sta tus) c ommunity (e g , spe c ie s ric hne ss, c o mpo sitio n, wildlife use ) ec osystem (e g , nutrie nt, hydro lo g ic a nd/ o r se dime nt e ffe c ts o n la rg e r syste m)

Summa rize a nd a na lyze da ta
Re vise re sto ra tio n pla n a s ne e de d

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 10 of 16

SLIDE 11

11

Re -e sta blishing Ripa ria n E c o syste ms Cha lle ng e s & Oppo rtunitie s

Unde rsta nding c o mple x ripa ria n e c o syste ms
T

e c hnic al c a pa b ilitie s

E

c o no mic issue s

Co mmunity inve stme nt in stre a m he alth

L e t’ s T a ke a Bre a k…..

Ripa ria n Co rrido rs func tio ns, va lue s & re sto ra tio n a ppro a c he s

ripa ria n c o rrido rs & b io lo g ic al dive rsity
inte ra c tio n o f physic al a nd b io tic

pro c e sse s

te mpo ral a nd spa tia l sc ale s
the ro le o f a da ptive ma na g e me nt in

stre a m c o rrido r re sto ra tio n

the “Hippo c ra tic Oa th o f Re sto ra tio n”
e xa mple s & implic a tio ns: the g o o d, the

b a d a nd the ne utra l (aka “b a d”)

c urre nt issue s in re sto ra tio n e c o lo g y
to wa rds susta ina b ility: putting re sto ra tio n

e c o lo g ists o ut o f b usine ss

“Do No Ha rm” re sto ra tio n = ma nipula tio n

Re sto ra tio n, b y its na ture , invo lve s the

ma nipula tio n o f the la ndsc a pe – o fte n with une xpe c te d o r e ve n ne g a tive c o nse q ue nc e s fo r the “re sto re d” e nviro nme nt.

A q ua ntita tive , e c o lo g ic a lly a ppro pria te

a sse ssme nt a nd mo nito ring pro g ra m c a n pro vide impo rta nt e xpe rime nta l da ta to furthe r e nha nc e o ur c a pa c ity a nd e ffe c tive ne ss a s re sto ra tio n pra c titio ne rs.

E

xa mple : impo rta nc e o f lo c a lly c o lle c te d, g e ne tic a lly a ppro pria te pla nt ma te ria ls

E

xa mple : in-stre a m wo rk

Why Spe c ify L

c a lly Co lle c te d

Pla nt Ma te ria l?

E

thic s: Do No Ha rm

E

ffe c tive ne ss

Wha t K ind o f Ha rm Ca n Be Do ne (to e xisting pla nt c o mmunitie s)?

Ge ne tic po llutio n: o ut-b re e ding de pre ssio n
Ma y o c c ur whe n lo c a lly o c c urring a nd insta lle d

pla nts hyb ridize & no n-lo c a lly a da pte d g e ne s displa c e we ll-a da pte d g e ne s, o r b re a k up c o - a da p te d g e ne c o mple xe s

Ca n pro duc e ste rile o ffspring , o r o ffspring tha t a re

no t-we ll a da p te d to site c o nditio ns

E

ffe c ts ma y no t b e se e n fo r ma ny ye a rs (I.e . until the ne xt g e ne ra tio n), a nd ma y b e lo ng -la sting

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 11 of 16

SLIDE 12

12

Ho w is Pro je c t Suc c e ss Affe c te d b y Pla nts that a re no t Ge ne tic ally Appro pria te ? )

Pla nts fro m no n-lo c al so urc e s ma y no t b e

we ll-a da pte d to lo c al site c o nditio ns (so il, c limate , e tc .), thus ma y no t survive o r thrive

Po o r a da pta tio n ma y a ffe c t pla nt g ro wth

a nd survival (c urre nt po pula tio n), o r re pro duc tive suc c e ss (ne xt g e ne ra tio n)

Do e s L

c a l Re ally Ma tte r?

E ric K na pp & K e vin Ric e , De pa rtme nt o f Ag ro no my, UC Da vis

Ge ne tic va ria tio n e xpe rime nts

– E xte nsive g e ne tic diffe re nc e s a re fo und a mo ng po pulatio ns

f native g ra sse s, a s we ll as mo st o the r na tive spe c ie s
Due to natural se le c tio n a c ting o n e nviro nme nt
Due to small, iso late d po pulatio ns lac king g e ne flo w
Re c ipro c a l tra nspla nt e xpe rime nts

– Gra sse s pla nte d in a diffe re nt e nviro nme nt we re po o rly a da pte d a nd ha d lo w surviva l rate s – Surviva l diffe re nc e s we re ma g nifie d with time , a s mo st no n- lo c al mate rial fa ile d to se t via ble se e d o r re pro duc e

Co mpe titio n e xpe rime nts

– T he diffe re nc e b e twe e n lo c al a nd no n-lo c a l mate rial wa s ma g nifie d whe n the re wa s c o mpe titio n with o the r plants (fie ld c o nditio ns).

I mplic a tio ns o f E c o type Re se a rc h

Wha t c o nstitute s “lo c al” va rie s de pe nding o n the

situa tio n a nd the spe c ie s. I n a re a s with ho mo g e no us c lima te s a nd e da phic e nviro nme nts, “lo c a l” a re a s will b e la rg e r tha n whe n the e nviro nme nt is mo re he te ro g e ne o us.

F
r se lf-po llina ting spe c ie s, the re a re g re a te r g e ne tic

diffe re nc e s b e twe e n po pula tio ns. T he re fo re , using no n-lo c a l ma te ria l is mo re like ly to le a d to po o r a da p ta tio n, a nd pla nting fa ilure . T he re is a sma lle r c ha nc e o f g e ne tic c o nta mina tio n.

F
r c ro ss-po llina ting spe c ie s, g e ne tic diffe re nc e s

b e twe e n po pula tio ns a re sma lle r, due to mo re g e ne flo w. T he re fo re pla nt ma te ria l fro m g re a te r dista nc e s ma y no t sho w pla nting fa ilure due to po o r a da p ta tio n. Ho we ve r, the re is a muc h hig he r pro b a b ility o f g e ne tic c o nta mina tio n o f the e xisting pla nt po pula tio n.

Ho w to Ac hie ve a Pla nt L

t with

Ma ximum Ge ne tic Dive rsity

Dive rsity ma y b e impa c te d

a t e a c h ste p in se e d c o lle c tio n/ pro pa g a tio n pro c e ss – ne e d to minimize this e ffe c t

Ado pt se e d & pro pa g ule

c o lle c tio n pro to c o ls tha t pro mo te g e ne tic dive rsity during the c o lle c tio n pro c e ss

E

nsure tha t se e d ha ndling , sto ra g e , a nd pro pa g a tio n pro c e sse s do no t le a d to a rtific ial se le c tio n

Pro pa g ule Co lle c tio n Pra c tic e s tha t Pro mo te L

c al Ada pta tio n & Ge ne tic Dive rsity
Se e ds vs. c utting s
Co lle c tio n fro m pro je c t

site , o r pro xima te / ma tc he d site

Co lle c tio n fro m multiple

pa re nt pla nts

Co lle c tio n a t multiple time s

po ints – dive rse re pro duc tive stra te g ie s

Re fe r to se e d c o lle c tio n

ha ndo ut fo r mo re de ta ils (www.c rpinc .o rg )

E xa mple : I n-stre a m issue s

I

s the in-stre a m wo rk ne c e ssa ry?

F

luvial g e o mo rphic / b io lo g ic al ra tio na le fo r the a c tio n

Will the stre a m re so lve the issue o n its
wn? (ie , na tural re g e ne ra tio n, fluvial

pro c e sse s)

L

ike liho o d o f ne g a tive do wnstre a m e ffe c ts

Ba nk sta b iliza tio n: fo r re sto ra tio n o r

infra struc ture pro te c tio n? I mplic a tio ns…..

Sympto ms ve rsus c a use s – sho rt a nd lo ng

te rm g o a ls

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 12 of 16

SLIDE 13

13 I n-stre a m a nd stre a mb a nk

Ma ssive b a nk fa ilure
Se dime nt po llutio n
T

e mpe ra ture po llutio n

Sho rt a nd lo ng te rm

a ppro a c he s – no n- struc tura l

T

re a t the “who le b o dy” – a ddre ss g o a l

f b io dive rsity &

susta ina b ility, no t just se dime nt re duc tio n

T

wa rds Susta ina b ility:

de sire d future c o nditio ns

E

xa mple : re la tio nship b e twe e n via b le in-stre a m ha b itat a nd via ble ripa ria n c o rrido r (width a nd inva sive s)

E

xa mple : a da ptive ma na g e me nt a nd inva sive spe c ie s

T he Ripa ria n Co rrido r a nd L a rg e Wo o d De sire d F uture Co nditio ns

Alluvial (un-c o nfine d) ripa ria n a re a s

a s a lo ng te rm so urc e o f la rg e wo o d fo r a q ua tic a nd te rre stria l ha b ita ts

Sustaina b ility o f la rg e wo o d supply

F lo o dpla in Ripa ria n Are a s a nd L a rg e Wo o d

L

a rg e ma te ria l (>24” db h) is c ritic a l a nd mo stly g ro ws o n the flo o dpla ins

Ma y ta ke 25-70 ye a rs to de ve lo p
I

mpo rta nc e o f tre e size inc re a se s with stre a m size

Po o l a re la rg e ly fo rme d in alluvial syste ms due

to L WD – no o the r me c ha nism

Cle a r c uts = lo we r L

WD re c ruitme nt a nd fe we r po o ls

L a rg e T re e Spe c ie s in Ripa ria n Are a s

Ca lifo rnia Ba y L

a ure l

Va lle y Oa k
Ore g o n Oa k
Co a st L

ive Oa k

Big L

e a f Ma ple

Re dwo o d
Bla c k Wa lnut
Willo ws, Co tto nwo o d (flo o dpla in a nd c ha nne l)
Alde r (mo stly c ha nne l)

Ho w do e s L WD g e t into a q ua tic ha b ita t?

windfa ll, fire , inse c t a tta c k, pa tho g e ns

c o mpe titio n, a nd g e o mo rphic pro c e sse s

30 m is c o mmo nly use d a s the L

WD re c ruitme nt a re a

stre a ms with a hig h me a nde r le ve l c a n

re c ruit la rg e numb e rs o f tre e s in a re la tive ly sho rt pe rio d (< 20 ye a rs in the c a se o f the RR) a t dista nc e s fa r in e xc e ss

f 30m

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 13 of 16

SLIDE 14

14

L

ng T

e rm Re c ruitme nt o f L a rg e Wo o d: Stre a m Me a nde ring

Russia n Rive r c ha nne l: two mile s in twe nty ye a rs

F lo o dpla ins = Po te ntial L a rg e Wo o d “Re se rvo irs” (inc re a sing ly impa c te d)

Susta ina b ility o f L a rg e Wo o d Supply (“re se rvo ir”)

Re mo va l o f flo o dpla in fo re sts (e g ,

la rg e tre e s o ve r 24” db h)

I

nva sive spe c ie s (e g , Arundo a nd Vinc a) Multi-o b je c tive a ppro a c h: wha t is g o o d fo r fish is a lso g o o d fo r o the r wildlife

L
ng te rm re se rvo irs o f la rg e wo o d pro vide sho rte r te rm

b e ne fits to te rre stria l spe c ie s

Pre se rving flo o dpla in ha b ita t ma y b e le ss e xpe nsive tha n in-

stre a m a nd te rre stria l re sto ra tio n

Gia nt Re e d (Arundo do nax; Po a c e a e )

Na tive to Asia
Clo na l: no via b le se e d
Na tive he rb ivo re =

e le pha nt

F

ire a da p te d

Wa te r use
Hig hly inva sive
E

ffe c ts o n b io tic c o mmunitie s

L

imite d re se a rc h

L

a rg e e c o no mic c o sts

De sire d F uture Co nditio ns

All Arundo re mo ve d fro m Russia n

Rive r wa te rshe d

E

nha nc e me nt o f ripa ria n ha b ita t in Arundo re mo va l site s

E

xpa nsio n o f e xisting ripa ria n c o rrido rs

I

nc re a se d unde rsta nding o f ripa ria n c o rrido r va lue s b y la ndo wne rs

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 14 of 16

SLIDE 15

15

Arundo do nax (Gia nt Re e d ) in the Russia n Rive r Wa te rshe d (1994-2005)

L
ng te rm e ffo rt
Re se a rc h: distrib utio n, pla nt c o mmunity e ffe c ts, e ffe c tive me tho ds

fo r c o ntro l & re sto ratio n o f inva de d site s/ c o lla b o ratio n with o the r re se a rc he rs

Ma pping & GI

S de ve lo pme nt: c o rrido rs, Ar undo, re sto ratio n site s

L

a ndo wne r a nd c o mmunity o utre a c h/ e duc atio n

Sc ie nc e -b a se d prio ritizatio n o f re mo val site s
I

mple me ntatio n o f re mo val pro g ra m (site spe c ific a pplic atio n o f pre vio usly e valuate d c o ntro l me tho ds)

Re sto ratio n o f so me tre ate d site s/ o ppo rtunistic c o rrido r e xpa nsio n
Mo nito ring o f wa te rshe d fo r re -inva sio n o r ne w inva sio n
Mo nito ring o f re sto ra tio n pro je c ts
Sha ring o f info rma tio n: “c o o kb o o k” a nd public atio ns
F

unding de ve lo pme nt

Arundo do nax: Cha lle ng e s

Ra te o f spre a d ve rsus ra te o f funding fo r

re mo val

Unwilling la ndo wne rs a nd ke y pa rc e ls
Pe rmitting issue s – site b y site o r b a sin-

wide pe rmit

Co nc e rns a b o ut limite d use o f he rb ic ide s
L

a c k o f unde rsta nding re g a rding impa c ts

f inva sive s (e g , “pla nt fa sc ism”, inva sive s

a nd salmo nids)

I mpo rta nc e o f Qua lity Asse ssme nt a nd Re se a rc h

Se e the b ig pic ture : unde rsta nd

c o mple x situa tio ns a t multiple sc a le s

E

ffe c tive e c o lo g ic a l re sto ra tio n

Co st/ b e ne fit a na lysis: e a rly

inve stme nt pa ys o ff la te r Ripa ria n Co rrido rs func tio ns, va lue s & re sto ra tio n a ppro a c he s

ripa ria n c o rrido rs & b io lo g ic al dive rsity
inte ra c tio n o f physic al a nd b io tic

pro c e sse s

te mpo ral a nd spa tia l sc ale s
the ro le o f a da ptive ma na g e me nt in

stre a m c o rrido r re sto ra tio n

the “Hippo c ra tic Oa th o f Re sto ra tio n”
e xa mple s & implic a tio ns: the g o o d, the

b a d a nd the ne utra l (aka “b a d”)

c urre nt issue s in re sto ra tio n e c o lo g y
to wa rds susta ina b ility: putting re sto ra tio n

e c o lo g ists o ut o f b usine ss

Curre nt I ssue s in Re sto ra tio n E c o lo g y

Myth: c o mple tio n = suc c e ss.
E

ffe c tive ne ss mo nito ring a nd e va lua tio n o f the disc ipline o f e c o lo g ic al re sto ra tio n

Re sto ra tio n drive n b y re g ula to ry re q uire me nts – o fte n

myo pic o r sing le spe c ie s/ issue fo c use d

Re sto ra tio n a s a b usine ss: a ) disinc e ntive to disc uss

failure s, b ) no n-re g ula te d/ c e rtifie d, c ) disinc e ntive to a do pt a c o mple x, lo ng te rm vie w

Ne e d fo r sc ie nc e -b a se d a ppro a c h
L

a c k o f te c hnic a l c a pa c ity a nd e xpe rie nc e

I

na de q ua te multi-disc iplina ry training

L

a c k o f c la rity/ share d unde rsta nding re : de finitio n a nd g o a ls o f re sto ra tio n

L

a c k o f da ta sha ring a b o ut suc c e sse s/ failure s

Prio ritiza tio n o f re sto ra tio n e ffo rts a nd limite d

re so urc e s: pre se rva tio n, c o nse rva tio n e a se me nts, a c tive re sto ra tio n

I mpo rta nc e o f c le a r de finitio ns, a mb itio us g o a l se tting a nd fo c us o n the ide al sc e na rio …..

Cle a rly de fine wha t we a re do ing

a nd why: ie , infra struc ture pro te c tio n is not re sto ra tio n

Amb itio us visio n: se t hig h sta nda rds

a nd g o a ls – e ve n if una tta ina b le in the sho rt te rm

Riparian Restoration on California's Coast November 3, 2005 Coastal Training Program Elkhorn Slough National Estuarine Research Reserve Page 15 of 16

SLIDE 16

16 Ac kno wle dg e me nts

NOAA Co a sta l Se rvic e s

Ce nte r

Ca lifo rnia De pa rtme nt o f

F ish a nd Ga me

Ca lifo rnia Sta te Co a sta l

Co nse rva nc y

Sta te Wa te r Re so urc e s

Co ntro l Bo a rd

Wildlife Co nse rva tio n Bo a rd
Switze r F
unda tio n
Co mmunity F
unda tio n

So no ma Co unty

la ndo wne r a nd wa te rshe d