E MBRYO ADOPT I ON Re pro duc tive T e c hno lo g y, I - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

E MBRYO ADOPT I ON Re pro duc tive T e c hno lo g y, I n-Vitro F e rtiliza tio n, a nd Whe the r Christia ns Sho uld Ado pt E mb ryo s

 1. De fine T e rms  2. Sta tistic s/ Histo ry  3. Pub lic Po lic y  4. Mo st impo rta ntly – Se a rc h the Sc ripture s  5. Christia n E thic s  6. Pa sto ra l Ca re a nd Pra c tic e  7. Que stio ns, Co mme nts, Co nc e rns, Disc ussio n WHY?

 “Re pro duc tive T e c hno lo g y e nc o mpa sse s a ll c urre nt a nd a ntic ipa te d use s o f te c hno lo g y in huma n a nd a nima l re pro duc tio n, inc luding a ssiste d re pro duc tive te c hno lo g y, c o ntra c e ptio n a nd o the rs.” T E RMS: RE PRODUCT I VE T E CHNOL OGY

 Assiste d Re pro duc tive T e c hno lo g y tre a ts infe rtility a nd inc lude s:  Artific ia l inse mina tio n  Clo ning  Cyto pla smic T ra nsfe r  Cryo pre se rva tio n o f spe rm, o o c yte s, e mb ryo s  E mb ryo tra nsfe r  F e rtility me dic a tio n  Ho rmo ne tre a tme nt  I n Vitro F e rtiliza tio n  I n Vitro g e ne ra te d g a me te s  Pre impla nta tio n g e ne tic dia g no sis T E RMS: ASSI ST E D RE PRODUCT I VE T E CHNOL OGY

 “F uture c ha nc e s o f pre g na nc y, fa c ilita ting a n info rme d c ho ic e o f fa mily pla nning ”  Ma pping a wo ma n’ s o va ria n re se rve , fo llic ula r dyna mic s, a nd a sso c ia te d b io ma rke rs  Se me n a na lysis T E RMS: PROGNOST I CS

 “A fo rm o f re pro duc tive te c hno lo g y tha t e na b le s pe o ple to c o ntro l the ir fe rtility” T E RMS: CONT RACE PT I ON

 Artific ia l wo mb s: “a t the de ve lo pme nta l sta g e ”  Ge rmina l c ho ic e te c hno lo g y = g e ne tic sc re e ning o f b la sto c ysts (e a rly e mb ryo s), o r g e rmline e ng ine e ring (huma n g e ne tic e ng ine e ring use d to a lte r g e ne s in the first c e lls o f the b la sto c yst)  I n Vitro Pa rthe no g e ne sis = spe rm trig g e rs the de ve lo pme nt o f the e g g c e ll into a n e mb ryo b ut ma ke s no g e ne tic c o ntrib utio n to the e mb ryo  Re pro g e ne tic s = “the use o f re pro duc tive a nd g e ne tic te c hno lo g ie s to se le c t a nd g e ne tic a lly mo dify e mb ryo s with g e rmina l c ho ic e te c hno lo g y fo r the purpo se o f huma n e nha nc e me nt”  Sa me -se x pro c re a tio n = fe ma le spe rm (c o nta ins a n X c hro mo so me ) o r ma le e g g s (fe ma le e g g s e mptie d o f g e ne tic c o nte nts a nd re pla c e d with ma le DNA), whe re two me n o r two wo me n c a n ha ve a c hild with e q ua l g e ne tic c o ntrib utio ns fro m b o th me n o r b o th wo me n T E RMS: OT HE R ASSI ST E D RE PRODUCT I VE T E CHNOL OGI E S

 E g g c e ll = fe ma le re pro duc tive c e ll (g a me te ) = Ovum = o o c yte (imma ture o vum o r e g g c e ll)  Visib le to the na ke d e ye , a b o ut 0.12mm in dia me te r  K no wn a s “o va ” in a nima ls  Ova ry (L a tin: “e g g ” o r “nut”) = o vum-pro duc ing fe ma le re pro duc tive o rg a n  Usua lly, o vula tio n o c c urs in o ne o f two o va rie s, re le a sing a fe rtiliza b le e g g e a c h me nstrua l c yc le  Ova ria n F o llic le = se c re te s ho rmo ne s tha t re le a se a n e g g c e ll a t o vula tio n fo r fe rtiliza tio n T E RMS: E GG, OVUM, OOCYT E ; OVARY, OVUL AT I ON, OVARI AN F OL L I CL E

 T e ste s = spe rm-pro duc ing ma le re pro duc tive o rg a n  Spe rm (“se e d”) = ma le re pro duc tive c e ll (g a me te )  Spe rma to zo a (“se e d” + “living b e ing ”) = 60 da y fully ma ture  Se me n = fluid tha t ma y c o nta in spe rma to zo a  Se me n Qua lity = me a sure o f the a b ility o f se me n to a c c o mplish fe rtiliza tio n; ma le fe rtility – spe rm c o unt (usua lly 300-500 millio n spe rma to zo a o f typic a l he a lthy, physic a lly ma ture yo ung a dult ma le o f re pro duc tive a g e )  I nse mina tio n = “de lib e ra te intro duc tio n o f spe rm into a fe ma le fo r the purpo se o f impre g na ting o r fe rtilizing the fe ma le fo r se xua l re pro duc tio n” T E RMS: T E ST E S, SPE RM, SE ME N, I NSE MI NAT I ON

 F e rtiliza tio n = (a lso kno wn a s c onc e ption ) is the fusio n o f g a me te s to initia te the de ve lo pme nt o f a ne w individua l o rg a nism  Zyg o te (“to jo in, to yo ke ”) = fe rtilize d c e ll o f 2 g a me te s (1 e g g , 1 spe rm)  E mb ryo (“yo ung o ne ;” “g ro wing in”) = 1 (o r 3) we e k o ld, multi-c e llula r, fro m zyg o te sta g e to 8 we e ks (56 da ys)  Bla sto c yst (“put fo rth sho o ts;” “c a psule ”) = fro m 5 da ys a fte r fe rtiliza tio n, until 11 o r 12 whe n impla nte d in ute rine wa ll  F e tus (L a t. “o ffspring ”) = is a pre na ta l huma n (!) b e twe e n its e mb ryo nic sta te a nd its b irth; 11 we e ks g e sta tio n, 9 we e ks a fte r fe rtiliza tio n T E RMS: F E RT I L I ZAT I ON, ZYGOT E , E MBRYO, BL AST OCYST , F E T US

 I n Vitro F e rtiliza tio n (I VF) = pla c ing o ne e g g in a sma ll ro und g la ss dish a nd smo the ring it with spe rm c e lls unto o ne pe ne tra te s a nd fe rtilize s the e g g to pro duc e the zyg o te ; ma y ta ke up to 30hrs  Dire c t E g g Spe rm I nje c tio n (DE SI ) = spe rm a nd e g g s a re c o lle c te d sa me wa y a s I VF ; he re o ne e g g is dire c tly inje c te d with o ne spe rm c e ll; if it wo rks, fe rtiliza tio n o c c urs within se ve ra l ho urs  1. Ova ria n stimula tio n (supe ro vula to ry drug s suc h a s L upro n o r Clo miphe ne Citra te )  2. Six to T we nty-two o o c yte s a re re c o ve re d, c le a ne d, a nd re a die d fo r I VF o r fo r DE SI  3. Spe rm o f the husb a nd is re c o ve re d via ma sturb a tio n o r a spira tio n o f g o na d tissue s; spe rm a re c le a ne d a nd c o unte d. T ho se tha t a re the mo st mo b ile a nd in “g o o d sha pe ” a re c le a ne d a nd ke pt fo r fe rtiliza tio n  4. E mb ryo s g ra de d fo r the suita b ility fo r impla nta tio n & fre e zing T E RMS: I N VI T RO F E RT I L I ZAT I ON, DI RE CT E GG SPE RM I NJE CT I ON

 Cryo pre se rva tio n = pre se rve d b y c o o ling to sub -ze ro te mpe ra ture s, fre e zing in liq uid nitro g e n to -321.0 F ; de ve lo pe d in la te 1970s  L o ng e st re po rte d suc c e ssful sto ra g e with se me n c ryo pre se rva tio n is 21 ye a rs  7%-57% o f tha we d huma n e mb ryo s die in the ra pid tha wing pro c e ss  Cryo pre se rva tio n is suppo se d to re duc e the risk o f ma jo r multiple pre g na nc ie s, inc re a se the numb e r o f e mb ryo tra nsfe rs, a nd, he nc e , pre g na nc ie s pe r stimula tio n a nd re trie va l c yc le , a vo id Ova ria n Hype rStimula tio n Syndro me , pre se rve future c hild- b e a ring c a pa b ility in wo me n fa c ing o va ria n surg e ry o r c a nc e r the ra py, a nd re duc e pa tie nt e xpe nse a nd risk fro m a dditio na l stimula tio n a nd re trie va l c yc le s T E RMS: CRYOPRE SE RVAT I ON

 Surro g a c y = a rra ng e me nt o r a g re e me nt to c a rry a pre g na nc y fo r inte nde d pa re nts  Ge sta tio na l Surro g a c y = E mb ryo tra nsfe r c re a te d thro ug h I VF , so tha t the c hild is g e ne tic a lly unre la te d to the surro g a te  T ra ditio na l Surro g a c y = Surro g a te is impre g na te d na tura lly o r a rtific ia lly, b ut the re sulting c hild is g e ne tic a lly re la te d to the surro g a te  OR, is surro g a c y a ny “sub stitute ? ” T E RMS: SURROGACY

 “E mb ryo do na tio n is a pro c e ss b y whic h c o uple s who ha ve c ryo g e nic a lly pre se rve d e mb ryo s re linq uish a ny a nd a ll le g a l rig hts to tho se e mb ryo s a nd g ive the m to a no the r c o uple with no g e ne tic tie s to the e mb ryo s.” T E RMS: E MBRYO ADOPT I ON

 July 25 1978 – 1 st “te st tub e ” (a c tua lly pe tri dish) b a b y, L o uise Bro wn, b o rn in Oldha m, E ng la nd, 5lb s., 12o z.  1983 – 1 st pre g na nc y fro m a c ryo pre se rve d 8-c e ll e mb ryo (te rmina te d a t 24 we e ks)  1986 – 1 st live b irth in the Unite d Sta te s fro m a n in vitro fe rtilize d o o c yte sub se q ue ntly c ryo pre se rve d, sto re d, tha we d, a nd the n tra nsfe rre d to the ute rus o f the g e ne tic o o c yte do no r  1990 – Unite d K ing do m Pa rlia me nt rule s tha t g a me te s o r e mb ryo s sha ll no t b e sto re d fo r mo re tha n 10 o r 5 ye a rs, re spe c tive ly  1996 – Up to 6,000 British e mb ryo s de stro ye d (murde re d ) b e c a use pa re nts no lo ng e r wa nte d the m o r pa re nts c o uldn’ t b e fo und  I n re spo nse the Va tic a n pub lishe d re spo nse a sking ma rrie d wo me n to b ring a b a ndo ne d e mb ryo s to te rm: “pre na ta l a do ptio n” ST AT I ST I CS/ HI ST ORY