Drowning and Water-Incidents -- Arizona and Maricopa County-- Data - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Drowning and Water-Incidents

• - Arizona and Maricopa County--

Data from Arizona Vital Statistics and Fire Departments in Maricopa County

Tim Flood, MD

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CHILD DROWNING WATER-RELATED DATA What we know / What we don’t

• Death data (ADHS)

– Rank with other injuries – Count and rates – Risk factors

• Incidence data (DPCCA)

– Counts and rates – Risk factors

• Knowledge gaps

Tim Flood; ADHS; 4-7-2003 Drowning Prevention Coalition of Central Arizona Summit1.ppt

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Causes of Unintentional Injury Death

35 7 30 1 34 6 27 30 1 27 1 33 3 28 29 8 19 27 3 25 1 25 4 29 1

10 20 30 40 Motor Vehicle Fire & Flames Drowning Poisoning Deaths 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Arizona, 0-4 year olds

Source: Arizona death certificates

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Drowning Death Rate 0-4 Year Olds All Bodies of Water

5 10 15

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000

Source: ADHS, Vital Statistics

Rate/100,000 children

3 per. Mov. Avg. (Maricopa County) 3 per. Mov. Avg. (Arizona) 3 per. Mov. Avg. (United States)

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Location of Drowning Death, Arizona Children 0-4 years of age

3 20 7 1 20 6 2 21 4 2 24 2 2 12 5 3 13 9 2 26 1

5 10 15 20 25 30 Bathtub Swimming Pool Other Deaths 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001

Source: Arizona Vital Statistics

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Drowning deaths per month

10 20 30 40 50

Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec

Sum of drowning deaths per month

2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991

Arizona residents, age 0-4

Source: Arizona Vital Statistics

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Water-related incidence surveillance in Maricopa County

• Source: Reports from fire departments

participating in the Drowning Prevention Coalition of Central Arizona

• Case definition: A life-threatening water-related

incident that triggers a 9-1-1 call; child not breathing or struggling; usually given CPR

• Exclusions: “dunkings; close calls; brief

submersion” (child struggling, breathing, not given CPR, rescued just in time).

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Body of Water of Incident

33 7 2 2 21 2 3 29 16 10 4 1 11 170 9 7 1 2 2 4 10 182 1 8 3 5 1 5 135 2 3 2 1 2 50

50 100 150 200 Bathtub Bucket Canal/ Ditch Fish Pond Other Unknown Pool, above Pool, in ground River Lake Spa Toilet

Count Under 1 Age 1 Age 2 Age 3 Age 4

Maricopa County, 1990-2000

Source: Incidence reports from fire departments

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Pool incidents: Boys vs Girls

363 225 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 Boys Girls

1990 – 2000; Age 0-4 363 225

Source: Incidence reports from fire departments

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Pool Incidents, Age 0-4: Hour of the Day

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 7 7 7 7 25 25 25 25 16 16 16 16 27 27 27 27 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 35 45 45 45 45 37 37 37 37 55 55 55 55 85 85 85 85 84 84 84 84 59 59 59 59 36 36 36 36 17 17 17 17 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

20 40 60 80

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Noon 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 Mnite

Hour of the Day Count of Incidents

Source: Incidence reports from fire departments

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Day of Week

106 65 82 86 76 75 98 40 80 120 Sun Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Count

Source: Incidence reports from fire departments

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Life-threatening incidents, 0-4 year olds, Maricopa Co. pools

102 99 53 52 58 66 44 54 51 46 45 62 57 57 43

20 40 60 80 100 120

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 Count of Yearly Incidents

*Data for 2002 is not yet complete.

Source: Incidence reports from fire departments

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Life-threatening, pool-related incidents per 100,000 children 0-4 years of age in Maricopa County

64.6 60.1 31.1 29.0 31.5 33.7 21.9 27.0 25.6 22.7 21.8 29.2 25.6 25.2

10 20 30 40 50 60 70

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002

Incidence Rate rate per 100,000

Source: Incidence reports from fire departments

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5 10 15 20 25

1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003

Monthly Count of Incidents

Life-threatening incidents among 0-4 year olds in Maricopa Co. pools

[9-1-1 calls; Life Threatening; CPR given]

Source: Incidence reports from fire departments

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Presumed Supervisor

159 81 73 106 43 7 22

50 100 150 200

Mother Father

• Mo. and

Fa. Other Adult Other Child Unspec Parent Unknown

Count of Incidents

Source: Incidence reports from fire departments

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Pool Incidents: At Home of …

42 25 9 116 492 62 100 200 300 400 500 600 Friend Neighbor Public Relative Victim Other, Unk, N.A. Count

Source: Incidence reports from fire departments

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Dwelling Type

145 9 525 11 56 100 200 300 400 500 600 Apt/ Condo Hotel /motel Single Home Multiple Unit Oth/unk/na Count

Source: Incidence reports from fire departments

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Attributed Cause, 1988-2000

Warm Months 51% 4% 9% 23% 13% 0% Supervision Problem Gate or Latch Failed Other or Unknown Safety Door Failed Inadequate Fence No Barrier 11% 0% 21% 52% 5% 11% No Barrier Cold Months Inadequate Fence Gate or Latch Failed Safety Door Failed Other or Unknown Supervision Problem Source: Incidence reports from fire departments

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5 10 15 20 25 30 Water Death Rate per 100,000 Children 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Pool Incide. Rate per 100,000 Children

1984 1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000

Year Water Deaths Pool Incidents

Maricopa County Rates

Age 0-4

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Knowledge Gaps

• How many pools

– Frequency of visits by children – How many have a barrier; what kinds

• Swim lessons

– Teaching “water skills” to young children – Age to start swim lessons

• Risk to newcomers
• Rates in cities with differing laws
• Maintenance of barriers
• CPR skills of the rescuers
• Other bodies of water; other age groups

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Further Information

• ADHS websites

– www.hs.state.az.us – http://www.hs.state.az.us/plan/ohpes.htm – http://www.hs.state.az.us/phs/phstats/meddir

• Drowning Prevention Coalition website

– http://www.preventdrowning.com/

• Tim Flood

– 602-542-7331 – tflood@hs.state.az.us