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Electric Shock Drowning A Silent Killer 03/08/2017 Ed Lethert - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Electric Shock Drowning A Silent Killer 03/08/2017 Ed Lethert Electric Shock Drowning Thanks to the LMCD for the invitation to present this evening 03/08/2017 Ed Lethert 2 Electric Shock Drowning Edward "Ed" Lethert Electric

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A Silent Killer

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Thanks to the LMCD for the invitation to present this evening

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Edward "Ed" Lethert

Electric Shock Drowning Safety Specialist

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Member: Electric Shock Drowning Prevention Association

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Member: Minnetonka Power Squadron

Lake Minnetonka Boater

MPS has won the 2016 Boat U.S. National Civic Distinguished Service Award

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District 10 Electric Shock Drowning Awareness Initiative for 2016

Minnesota, Wisconsin, Michigan UP

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Questions and comments always welcome Available after presentation to address additional questions

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James D. Shafer

Acredited Marine Surveyor

Began investigating leakage currents in marinas in 1999

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IAEI NEWS July-August 2007

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USCG / ABYC – October 2008

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FPRC Foundation - November 2014 FPRC Foundation - October 2015

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Boating Magazine - May 2013

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WCCO-TV CH 4, 10 PM News, June 28, 2016

ESD is getting a lot more attention in both television and print media

UK Daily Mail, May 21, 2016

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Lost to ESD

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Marcus Colburn, age 21, died on Father’s Day, June 21, 2015 as a result of ESD

Lost to ESD

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March 27, 2016 Electric shock in pool kills man, injures 5 kids A father is dead and his daughter is hospitalized in critical condition after suffering an electric shock in a Palm Springs swimming pool on Easter Sunday Four others were treated and released and a fifth remains hospitalized in stable condition

Lost to ESD

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April 16, 2016 Carmen Johnson 15-year-old girl drowns at Smith Lake, Alabama Coroner: Electrocution may have caused Priceville cheerleader's drowning, along with a 2nd injury and 2 more near-deaths Family members had earlier reported feeling tingling sensations in the water

Lost to ESD

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June 17, 2016

Donna Berger 53-year-old mom dies while rescuing her son at Lake Chickamauga, Tennessee

Lost to ESD

Randy Freeney 74-year-old man dies while helping mom who was rescuing her son at Lake Chickamauga , Tennessee

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July 21, 2016 Dakota Watkins 24-year-old man dies while working on boathouse electrical wiring at Harveys Lake, Pennsylvania

Lost to ESD

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September 3, 2016 Rachel Rosoff 17-year-old lifeguard drowns in North Carolina swimming pool Fault in pump motor and broken ground connection resulted in death. Person attempting rescue reported feeling tingling sensations when trying to enter the water

Lost to ESD

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ESD "Near Misses" − May 2016

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ESD Incidents

84 Known Incidents and 49 "Near miss" Incidents as of 02-02-17 Approximately 50% dock wiring issues and 50% boat wiring issues

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It is believed that the actual number of ESD fatalities is much higher than reported or documented … possibly hundreds more The reason… Paralysis resulting from small electric currents passing through the body is not generally recognizable post-mortem as the cause of a drowning

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Water and Electricity A Dangerous Mix

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Shore Power

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Boat Lifts

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Fountains

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Aerators

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"Weed Eaters"

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Use of electric power at docks

  • n lakes and rivers has

increased exponentially in recent years. And yet…

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Few are even remotely aware of Electric Shock Drowning… Say WHAT?

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… or the need for important precautions Question to Lakeshore Property Owner: "Is the circuit that powers your electrically operated boat lift protected by a Ground Fault Circuit Interrupter?" Response: "I have no idea."

The NEC has required GFCI protection outdoors since 1971, in boathouses since 1987, and for boat hoists since 2005

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Cultural Wall in the Brain Water + Electricity

Indoors? Be Safe! Outdoors? ???

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What is Electric Shock Drowning?

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ESD is a unique form of drowning caused by the presence of AC electrical currents in freshwater lakes, rivers, pools, ponds… The current can flow through the body of a living being immersed in the electrically charged water

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The current, where sufficiently intense, can partially or completely paralyze the body's skeletal muscles, inhibiting the ability to swim or even move one's limbs The outcome in many cases is the drowning death of an otherwise healthy individual

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Depending on the magnitude, thru- the-body AC currents can:

  • 1. Paralyze skeletal muscles
  • 2. Cause respiratory paralysis

(shut down the lungs)

  • 3. Initiate ventricular fibrillation
  • 4. Cause full cardiac arrest
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A victim in electrically charged water …

  • May become partially or totally disabled
  • May or may not call for help
  • May or may not remain conscious
  • May or may not remain on the surface
  • May make situation worse while seeking a

"safe haven" by moving toward the source

  • f the current, rather than away, from it
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"The Electric Shock Drowning

  • f Samantha Chipley"

Article by Attorney B. Clark Batten II

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Electric Shock Drowning is not the same as death by electrocution, which usually results from direct contact with energized metal objects or surfaces In-water electrocutions are included in ESDPA statistics because they are caused by the same conditions that cause an ESD fatality

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Medical research has shown (and the ESDPA agrees) that an AC current of just 10 mA passing through the human body is sufficient to cause muscular paralysis and is considered by the ESDPA as the threshold for a possible ESD incident

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A 60 watt, 120 volt incandescent light bulb draws 500 milliamperes of current… 50 times more than the 10 mA that can paralyze an individual in the water

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In-Water Through- Leakage Body Current Current Salt Water 6 Amps 1.1 mA Fresh Water 0.3 Amps 23.8 mA

1/20th the leakage current ― 20 times the body current

ESD is a Fresh Water Phenomenon

Clean Marinas?

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What about pets and other critters?

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Animals are not immune to the effects of these in-water currents ESD has claimed family pets that have entered electrically charged waters

and

Family members have fallen victim to ESD when they enter the water in an attempt to rescue the pet

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A Terrible ESD Tragedy in 2012

Blackfoot, Idaho

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A Terrible ESD Tragedy

Friday Aug 31, 2012 Track coach [woman], two men [one a relative], one dog [family pet] electrocuted in Idaho irrigation canal Another family member attempting a rescue was shocked but survived Police say: "The electrified canal could have killed more" They [canal experts] say it is virtually impossible to know if water is electrified by sight or sound Idaho Power shut off the power in the area so rescuers could recover the bodies

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E S D − A Growing Problem?

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  • Increase in the use of electrically
  • perated equipment in and around

recreational and non-recreational waters

  • Increase in Do-It-Yourself electrical work

by unqualified and untrained individuals

  • Use of non-approved materials, wiring

methods and equipment on docks and boats

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This connector was miswired by a boat

  • wner and resulted in the ESD death of

both his wife and daughter

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  • Lack of electrical inspections

[ initial and recurring ]

  • Lack of monitoring for dangerous

conditions

  • Postponing of repairs due to cost or

availability of downtime

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  • Lack of awareness or understanding of

the danger by the general public

  • Less caution exercised by the general

public

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What Creates the Shock Hazard Condition?

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In-the-water shock hazards

  • may already exist
  • can occur suddenly
  • can continue indefinitely

without any indication or warning wherever shore-powered AC electrical equipment is located in, on, over, or near the water

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The ESD condition in marinas can be caused by faulty equipment or wiring in or

  • n …
  • The marina/dock electrical system
  • Electrically operated boat lifts
  • One's own boat
  • A neighboring boat or boats

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Similar conditions can exist or occur at private docks where electric equipment and wiring are installed and faults exist

  • The dock electrical system
  • Boat lifts, lights, receptacles,

extension cords, etc.

  • Electrics at with neighboring dock(s)

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A person finding themselves in such waters may experience a dangerous AC current passing through their body If this current through the body is high enough—10 or more milliamps—paralysis

  • r worse is possible, even likely

The result is often the inability to remain afloat, followed by drowning

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On-board generators and inverters, as a general case, do not create an ESD hazard when the boat is

  • perating on the water and is not

connected to a shore-based grounded electrical supply or other off-boat systems

  • r equipment
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There are exceptions — such as a boat sharing AC electrical power with another boat while rafting or beached

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Direct Current (DC) is generally not a concern, although it can be a fire or burn hazard under certain conditions The primary electrical systems aboard boats are typically 12 or 24 volts DC It takes from 2 to 5 times as much DC to cause the same bodily effect as the equivalent AC The heart is far more susceptible to disruption or injury by AC than by DC

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Signs That There Is — or Could Be — A Serious Problem

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Electrical safety goals must include Enforceable safety standards Quality and skilled workmanship Inspection by competent authority Recurring inspection Continuous monitoring Routine testing and maintenance EDUCATION OF THE PUBLIC  E  Q  I  R  C  R  E

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Awareness Prevention

Electric Shock Drowning Prevention Association

Founded on July 15th 2011

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Education Mitigation

Electric Shock Drowning Prevention Association

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Proactive EDUCATION includes

  • Warning signs
  • Informational brochures
  • Safety guidelines
  • Emergency response protocols
  • Staff training
  • Customer briefings
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Minnetonka Power Squadron Island Facility, Lake Minnetonka

NO SWIMMING OFF OF BOATS OR DOCKS

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Tonka Bay Marina, Lake Minnetonka

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Sutton Lake Marina, Sutton, WV

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Proactive MITIGATION is essential for

  • those in the water unintentionally
  • the uninformed
  • the misinformed
  • the disbelieving
  • those careless regarding their well-

being and the well-being of others

  • trespassers
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FPRC Foundation - January 2017

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National Electrical Code

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Marina Power Shore Cord

NFPA 302 ABYC E-11 NFPA 303 NFPA 70 — NEC

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Ground fault (GFCI) protection required for shore power service to boats with adoption

  • f the 2011 National Electrical Code
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2017 National Electrical Code

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One-family, two-family, and multifamily dwellings are now subject to Article 555.

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“WARNING - POTENTIAL SHOCK HAZARD - ELECTRICAL CURRENTS MAY BE PRESENT IN THE WATER.”

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Warning Signs required stating “WARNING - POTENTIAL SHOCK HAZARD - ELECTRICAL CURRENTS MAY BE PRESENT IN THE WATER.”

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Stricter requirements have been or are being enacted in some states

  • West Virginia
  • Tennesee
  • Kentucky
  • Missouri
  • Arkansas
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Testing for ESD

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There are electrical tests that can be performed on a regular basis to:

  • Identify and evaluate existing conditions
  • Identify actions required to reduce or

minimize (but not necessarily eliminate) the risk of in-water shock hazards

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These tests requires specialized testing equipment and training

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Ground fault (GFCI) protection required for shore power service to boats with adoption

  • f the 2011 National Electrical Code
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Ground Fault Protection in Pedestals

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Ground fault (GFCI protection required for 125V, 15 and 20 amp receptacle outlets:

  • Located Outdoors (1971)
  • Boat Houses (1987)
  • Boat Hoists – incl hardwired (2005)

The standard for GFCIs require monthly testing

  • f GFCI receptacles and GFCI circuit breakers
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Class A GFCI Breaker (5 mA Trip) Ground Fault Protection

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Class A GFCI Receptacle (5 mA Trip) Ground Fault Protection

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Required on boats built after 12-31-2012

On-Boat ELCI (30 mA Trip)

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EPO Switch for Marinas and Docks?

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"That’s a great idea to have an emergency pushbutton at all docks with electricity, …

Mike Holt, Electrical trainer, Consultant, Author, Publisher Private communication – 05-30-2016

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A Proposed Minimum Requirement All facilities, from the largest marina to the smallest residential dock, should have instructions posted in a conspicuous location that indicate where and how to disconnect the power to all near-water equipment

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A Proposed Minimum Requirement Marinas should have an emergency response plan and all staff should be familiarized with that plan and trained in proper response procedures

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Responding to an ESD incident

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Battery Powered Boat Lift w/ Solar Charger

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Battery Powered Dock Lights w/ Solar Chargers

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When Is It "Safe" to Go Into the Water?

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The term "safe" to enter the water can be misleading and should never be used in the context of water safety where electric equipment and wiring are installed The phrase "degree of risk" would be more suitable and avoids any inference that absolute safety is assured

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When is the risk of ESD "very low"? The Electric Shock Drowning Prevention Association recommends maintaining a minimum distance of 150 feet from all AC electrical equipment and wiring This separation should reduce the risk of an ESD accident to a very low level for any in-the-water recreational and non- recreational activities

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Very Low Risk of ESD Accident 150 feet

Electric Shock Drowning Prevention Association

Conditions are always subject to change

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Electrical equipment

  • r wiring
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10 feet Very High Risk

  • f ESD

Accident

Conditions are always subject to change

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Electrical equipment

  • r wiring

Electric Shock Drowning Prevention Association

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July 4, 2014 Lake of the Ozarks, MO, 7 mile marker Several people were swimming at a private dock when they started feeling tingles. Turning off the power at the dock did not solve the problem. A contractor found an electrical short at an abandoned boat ramp about 100 yards away. The power was disconnected and the electricity [tingles] in the water ceased.

"Near Miss" Case No. 5

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It might be considered "low risk" to enter the water (for inspection, maintenance and repair purposes) where ALL nearby shore power and dock equipment is switched off, and locked off, at the power source This would include securing ALL nearby

  • n-board generators and inverters
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Remember & Remind:

In-the-water shock hazards can exist—or occur suddenly without notice or warning— wherever shore-powered AC electrical equipment is located in, on,

  • ver, or near the water!
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The Cardinal Rule:

DO NOT enter the water in the vicinity of shore powered watercraft or equipment, for any reason — EVER! Stay at least 150 feet away from all electrical equipment and wiring !

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More Information

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Please take a brochure Take some for friends and neighbors

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Ed Lethert

612-670-9801 elethert@gmail.com www.electricshockdrowningmn.com

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ELECTRIC SHOCK DROWNING PREVENTION ASSOCIATION www.electricshockdrowning.org Electric Shock Drowning Resource Center www.boatus.com/seaworthy/ESD.asp

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Questions ?

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Thank You !

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