distributed power grids: an exemplary study Silvan Fabender, Daniel - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Cellular markets for distributed power grids: an exemplary study

Silvan Faßbender, Daniel Wittl, Janis Kaltschnee, Stefan Schroer, Eberhard Waffenschmidt

Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Challenge and Objective

 Increasing volatility between electricity generation and consumption induce more and more transmission bottlenecks  Conventional approach:

• Avoid them by building new transmission lines

 Our approach:

• exploit distributed nature of renewables
• Avoid and control transmission bottlenecks
• primarily in the lowest grid level as possible in the distribution grid and
• secondarily in the transmission grid
• Create a resilient System based on stable subsystems

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Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

The cellular approach

 Distributed energy management systems (automation)

• Design of an active

distribution network

 Each cell

• primarily supplies itself
• secondarily use transmission

to supply next higher cell level

 Open question:

• How to orchestrate cells?

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Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Market solution

 How could cellular energy markets work?

• How can the cellular behaviour be illustrated?
• Which market tools could affect which parameters?

 Identify Parameters that indicate the utility of certain measures

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Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Market solution

 Organize and control via free market

• How could such market look like?

 Ideas:

• Automated pricing by a merit order
• Differentiation of transmission distance
• Transmission fee or local bonus

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Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

 Increasing Supply list  Decreasing demand list  Market clearing price

Merit Order

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Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Cellular Merit Order markets

 Cells are vertically linked  Merit Order is linked to its upper and lower Merit Orders

• Transmission Capacities Cap(t)
• Transmission Costs/Fees TC(t)

7 Cell C Cell D Cell E

Cell F Cell A Cell B Cell G

Cap(t) TC(t) Cap(t) TC(t) Cap(t) TC(t) Cap(t) TC(t) Cap(t) TC(t) Cap(t) TC(t)

MCP(t)

MCP(t) MCP(t)

MCP(t) MCP(t) MCP(t)

MCP(t)

Each Cell has its own market clearing price

Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Simulation Tool

 Class „Cell“

• Properties:
• Transmission capacity to neighboring cells
• Own market price
• Functions:
• Create Merit order
• Calculate market clearing price

 Cells only vertically linked

• Hierarchy can be enhanced as

far as desired

 Inputs: load and price profiles

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Cell A

Cell C

Cell B

Cell D

Cell G

Cell E

Cell F

…

Cell X

Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Simulation example

 Greater Cell which comprise of 5 small cells A, B, C, D, E  All Cells contain suppliers and consumers, e.g.:

• Wind park + storage
• City + CHP plant
• Industry + biogas plant
• Village + PV plants

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Cell D

Greater Cell

Cell C

Superior Grid

Cell B Cell A Cell E

Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Case 1: supply surplus  Cells C & D (e.g. Cities) and the superior grid are supplied by Cell A & E (e.g. Wind & PV park)

A E Superior Grid D C

Merit Order of Greater Cell

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A E Superior Grid D C

Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Different dates: supply deficit  Cells C & D (e.g. Cities) are supplied by Cell A & E (e.g. Wind & PV park), the superior grid and Cell D partly by itself (CHP plant)

Merit Order of Greater Cell

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A E Superior Grid D C A E Superior Grid D C D

Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Fee or bonus on foreign cell trade

 Greater Cell:

• Own subcells: A, B, C, D, E
• Foreign trade with superior grid

 Fee on supply  Bonus on supply  Fee on demand  Bonus on demand

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A E Superior Grid D C A E Superior Grid D C A E Superior Grid D C A E Superior Grid D C A E Superior Grid D C A E Superior Grid D C A E Superior Grid D C A E Superior Grid D C Superior Grid A E Superior Grid D C A E D C Superior Grid

Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Conclusion

 Target: Cell gets more dependent on its own resources

• Introduce fees on foreign trade
• Storages, flexible generators, demand response are utilized
• Renewable supply is used directly
• Superior cells get less stressed

 Target: Cell gets more dependent on external resources

• Introduce bonus on foreign trade
• Supply surpluses can be exported
• Supply deficits can be covered
• Superior cells get more stressed

 Cellular markets could foster the appropriate installation of

• renewable power plants,
• storages and
• grid extensions

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Silvan Faßbender

7th International Energy and Sustainability Conference 2018

Thank you for listening

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Contact:

Silvan Faßbender, M. Sc. CIRE - Cologne Institute for Renewable Energy Cologne University of Applied Sciences Betzdorferstraße 2, 50679 Köln, silvan.fassbender@th-koeln.de www.th-koeln.de/personen/silvan.fassbender/