UPM DAY 1: SMART GRIDS TABLE 1: TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES RELATED - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Guillermo del Campo UPM

DAY 1: SMART GRIDS TABLE 1: TECHNOLOGICAL CHALLENGES RELATED WITH SMART GRIDS DEVELOPMENT

INTERNATIONAL SUMMER SCHOOL “SMART GRIDS AND SMART CITIES” Barcelona, 6-8 June 2017

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Context

• Dramatic growth of energy demand.
• Energy security requirement.
• Increased use of renewable energies for electricity generation.
• Uncertain and intermittent nature of renewable energy.
• Balance between the supply and demand sides.
• Imbalance: low efficiency, energy waste, blackout, etc.

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Context

• Grid interconnection into regional, national, or continent wide

networks.

• Large energy storage systems integration.
• Energy demand side reduction:
• Energy efficiency of electric loads improvement.
• Flexible electric loads---demand-response.

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• Residential sector: around 30–40% of global consumption.
• Contribution to seasonal and daily peak demand.
• Electrical power grid is over-dimensioned.
• Utility companies generation increase.

“Changes in electric usage by end-use customers from their normal consumption patterns in response to changes in the price of electricity

• ver time, or to incentive payments designed to

induce lower electricity use at times of high wholesale market prices or when system reliability is jeopardized.” (U.S. Department of Energy, 2006)

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Price-based (or implicit) DR

• Dynamic electricity pricing.
• High price during peak periods.
• Participants change their usage.

Mainly three types:

• Time of Use (TOU).
• Critical Peak Pricing (CPP).
• Real-time Pricing (RTP).

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Incentive-based (or explicit) DR

• Incentives for reducing load at times.

Classical schemes:

• Direct Load Control.
• Interruptible/curtailable rates.

Market-based programs:

• Demand bidding/buyback programs.
• Emergency DR programs.
• Capacity market programs.
• Ancillary services market programs.

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UTILITY SERVICE PROVIDER AGGREGATOR Home 1 Home N DR Controller Smart Meter Load 1 Load 1 . . . . . . . . 8

Noncontrollable loads Lighting Cooking appliances Interruptible loads HVAC Refrigerators Reparameterizable loads HVAC Refrigerators Shiftable loads Washing machines Dishwashers 9

Shorts turn-off during peak demand Temperature boundary adjustment Expected amount and time Automatic scheduling

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Shiftable loads

• Internet connected appliances
• Smart Plug interface

Thermal regulation

• Connected Thermostat

Energy Monitoring

• Smart Meter

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12 Home Energy Management System User interface Smart Meter Smart Devices Ambient sensors Energy Generation Energy Aggregator

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CoAP UDP IPv6/RPL 6LoWPAN IEEE 802.15.4 Devices JAVA HTTP <> CoAP TCP, UDP IPv6 > IP IPv6 IPv6, IP 6LoWPAN Ethernet, Wifi… IEEE 802.15.4 Coordinator

Internet

Application HTTP, CoAP TCP, UDP IP External Server

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User interaction

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Technical

• New equipment required.
• Lack of large suitable appliances.

Customer

• Benefit to consumers uncertain.

Institutional

• Different interests electricity supplier and DSO.
• Not enough value to market players.

Regulatory

• Regulation obstructs the distribution system
• perator.

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Guillermo del Campo

Campus de Montegancedo sn 28223 Pozuelo de Alarcon Madrid, Spain Phone: +34914524900 ext. 1739 Fax: +34913364501

e-mail: gcampo@cedint.upm.es