Designing participatory systems prof.dr. F.M.T. Brazier Participatory Systems Initiative, Systems Engineering
Networks in which coordination is leading
Systems for which global organisation is based on local coördination
Coordination based on local situation • own rules of engagement and agreement; • own requirements for trust and integrity; • own empowerment - autonomy, self-organisation
Networked systems
Networked systems Designed for • engagement and agreement, communication; • trust and integrity; • empowerment - autonomy, self-organisation
Systems for which different levels of self- organisation and interaction are required within and between different types of networks and institutions
Participatory Systems – 3 levels of structures and networks • Social : refers to social, economical, political and cultural dynamics Social • Distributed ICT : refers to technologies that enable Distributed ICT large scale distributed self-organizing processes, information exchange, aggregation and clustering. Physical • Infrastructure : refers to the physical components/ networks of a system.
Social layer social structures, human-network interaction, governance, institutions Distributed ICT overlays, clustering, virtual organisations Physical networks Physical infrastructure
For example energy systems – large scale distributed …. Case for adaptive autonomous systems …… agents
Social technological self organisation at the level of the prosumer, based on communication
Traditional energy market Energy flows one direction from a few big producers to many small consumers (and industries).
The situation is changing • Distributed (green) generation • wind turbines, solar panels, etc. Consumer becomes producer. •
Role power companies is • changing; Ability for consumers to sell • power to each other.
Each entity is autonomous and • can be represented by a software agent; Agents can operate semi- • autonomously to negotiate agreements to buy and sell energy.
But the real market is more • complicated; More agents, more • communication.
But the real market is more • complicated; More agents, more • communication.
Smaller dynamic organisations • are more effective.
Organisations acquire • autonomy.
Organisations negotiate with • each other.
Organisations negotiate with • each other and change
Energy system has become a participative social-technical system !
Participatory layer } • user preferences; • trust; • reputation; • policy legislation; • self management. Agent layer } • communication; Participation • negotiation; • clustering; • self management; } Physical layer • houses, wind turbines; • power lines; • solar panels;
Design of participatory systems mandates Design for trust and integrity: transparency, privacy, integrity, security, identifiability, traceability, accessibility, proportionality • Design for empowerment: • Design for engagement:
Requires design based on Design for trust and integrity: transparency, privacy, integrity, security, identifiability, traceability, accessibility, proportionality Design for empowerment: autonomy, self-management and self-regulation, emergence Design for engagement:
Requires design based on Design for trust and integrity: transparency, privacy, integrity, security, identifiability, traceability, accessibility, proportionality Design for empowerment: autonomy, self-management and self-regulation, emergence Design for engagement: presence, enactment, communication, awareness, co-creation
Taking responsibility, participating… …requires trust, awareness and the ability to act.
Within 3 layers Social networks Distributed ICT networks Physical networks
Essential to critical infrastructures Social networks – social structures, institutions, .. horizontal governance new distributed markets Situational awareness polycentricity presence design regulatory frameworks Merging realities
The focus of Social Networks and coordination Understanding human participation in social technical systems in merging realities: presence, social structures, governance, communities, self-organisation, risks, incentives, ….
Design principles (Ostrom) for local natural resource management • Clearly defined boundaries • Rules appropriate for provisioning in local context • Collective choice decision making Systems Engineering, • Effective monitoring • Graduated sanctions • Mechanisms for conflict resolutions • Self-determination of community • Multiple layers of nested enterprises
To trust… Witness presence: Caroline Nevejan Graph: Chin-Lien Chen
Teletrust: Design for trust
TeleTrust: Design for human-system interaction in new types of socio-techno eco systems
A few of the challenges • monitoring vs privacy, ownership intrusion detection, privacy preserving measures, • communities • orchestration of emergent behaviour • formal and informal regulations - national/EU/W certification, quality • trust mechanisms in merging realities
http://www.flickr.com/photos/mshandro/35000426/lightbox/
Distributed ICT networks and coordination Distributed ICT networks – self-healing, overlays, .. Load balancing Virtual power stations SLAs, distributed Distributed accounting monitoring Dynamic reconfiguration dynamic clustering dynamic aggregation
The focus of participation at the level of Distributed ICT distributed social overlays/communities, load balancing distributed aggregation, distributed SLAs, distributed monitoring, distributed clustering Robustness, Resilience, Ability to Adapt, Security, Cascading effects
autonomous adaptive systems autonomic computing systems p2p systems, embedded systems …… . multi-agent systems in disguise
In virtual organisations of autonomous systems Physically distributed groups of heterogeneous autonomous systems possibly with different levels of accessibility, authorisation, authentication that interact with each other to collectively or individually accomplish one or more tasks
Through interaction dynamic groups of systems emerge .. resource/load balancing energy management, data centre management, crisis management swarm applications supply chain management traffic management
Four challenges within distributed ICT 1. multi-level communication structures 2. multi-level control and aggregation 3. multi-level commitment
Key challenge 1: communication structures Structure of a communication network - dynamic overlay structures within each level - dynamic interaction between levels Eg How structured does a network need to be?
Hierarachical network structure
Semi-structured communication network
Clustered network structure
unstructured network structures
layered network structures
Example: dynamic robust tree overlays Pournaras, 2009
Key challenge 2: Control structures and aggregation Regulating division of responsibility:
Virtual Power Stations: which level of aggregation makes most sense? VP Power grid VP VP Power grid VP
Virtual Power Stations: which level of aggregation makes most sense? Ogston 2009
Distributed Coordination Tree overlay for aggregation Intelligent Agents Water heater Fridge Freezer Air-conditioner Technology Delft Evangelos Pournaras, March 2009 University of Challenge the future
Key challenge 3: commitments Protocols, SLAs, WSAS, Well-structured, well-defined, OGF? State?
For example – Web Service Agreement Specs P C template C P agreement request C P agreement
WSAS based negotiation p A What do you have to offer P A These services are currently available A P My requirements are … A P This is the contract I ’ m offering you P A Accept contract
WSAS based mediated negotiation Implemented for energy domain, computer resources power plant Wind turbine solar panels mobach, 2005
All very promising developments For large-scale, autonomous, interactive, self-managing systems Needs extending for multi-round negotiation, multi- attribute negotiation, multi-party negotiation
challenges Integrity - (Local) aggregation and dissemination of information Accountability - distributed SLA negotiation, distributed monitoring, identity mgt Containment – resilience - avoiding cascading effects Reliabilty – self organisation, self management Scalability – millions of devices
At all 3 levels greenhouses transportation Intelligent control Topology optimization Physical chain production Physical networks - power lines, resources, …. DC micro grids street Electric vehicles Self-healing distribution networks
Focus of physical networks and coordination Health of the physical network, design of robust topologies, resources and storage, … Supply chain operation
challenges Scalability Robustness Resilience Maintainability QoS, timeliness ……
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