Designing for Designing for Greenspace Greenspace Greenspace Designing for Designing for Greenspace and Food and Food and Food and Food Siting Urban Agriculture in the Urban Agriculture in the Siting City of Nanaimo, BC City of Nanaimo, BC Kelsey Cramer Karen Landman University of Guelph University of Guelph HB Lanarc Consultants 2009 BC Land Summit
Presentation Outline Presentation Outline Presentation Outline Presentation Outline � Background & Relevance Background & Relevance � � Planning Efforts Planning Efforts � � City of Nanaimo City of Nanaimo � Case Study Case Study � Summary Points Summary Points � � Gaps / Future Gaps / Future � Research Research
Background & Relevance Background & Relevance Background & Relevance Background & Relevance � Urban agriculture is growing as both hobby and Urban agriculture is growing as both hobby and � business in North America business in North America � Support for urban Support for urban � agriculture is growing agriculture is growing Source: 100milediet.org Source: Spin Farming LLC, 2009
Defining Urban Agriculture Defining Urban Agriculture Defining Urban Agriculture Defining Urban Agriculture Industrial Industrial � An industry that uses inputs from in and around an An industry that uses inputs from in and around an � urban area, and supplies outputs back to that urban area, and supplies outputs back to that urban area ( urban area (Mougeot Mougeot, 1999) , 1999) Ecological Ecological � Opportunity for converting the Opportunity for converting the “ “consume consume- -dispose dispose � open loops into consume- -process process- -reuse closed reuse closed open loops into consume loops” ” ( loops (Smit Smit & Nasr, 1992) & Nasr, 1992) Social Social � Promotes recreation, leisure, business Promotes recreation, leisure, business � entrepreneurial opportunities, and individual and entrepreneurial opportunities, and individual and community health (Brown & Carter, 2003) community health (Brown & Carter, 2003)
Why Urban Agriculture? Why Urban Agriculture? Why Urban Agriculture? Why Urban Agriculture? Numerous Community Benefits Numerous Community Benefits � Social Social � � Environmental Environmental � � Economic Economic � Source: urbangardencasual.com 2008
Why Urban Agriculture? Why Urban Agriculture? Why Urban Agriculture? Why Urban Agriculture? Numerous Community Benefits Numerous Community Benefits � Social Social � � Environmental Environmental � � Economic Economic � Source: bcfarmersmarket.org, 2009
Why Urban Agriculture? Why Urban Agriculture? Why Urban Agriculture? Why Urban Agriculture? Numerous Community Benefits Numerous Community Benefits � Social Social � � Environmental Environmental � � Economic Economic � Source: Becluv, 2008
Planning Efforts Planning Efforts Planning Efforts Planning Efforts � General lack of planning for urban General lack of planning for urban � agriculture in North American cities agriculture in North American cities � Two precedent studies: Two precedent studies: � � Growing Space: The Potential for Urban Agriculture in Growing Space: The Potential for Urban Agriculture in � the City of Vancouver ( the City of Vancouver (Kaethler Kaethler, 2006) , 2006) http://vancouver.ca/commsvcs/socialplanning/initiatives/food policy/projects/gardenresource.htm � The The diggable diggable city: Making urban agriculture a planning city: Making urban agriculture a planning � priority ( priority (Balmer Balmer et al., 2005) et al., 2005) http://www.diggablecity.org/
Planning Efforts Planning Efforts Planning Efforts Planning Efforts � Opportunity for local food to be integrated into Opportunity for local food to be integrated into � greenspace planning & design planning & design greenspace
Greenspace Greenspace Planning & Design Planning & Design Planning & Design Greenspace Greenspace Planning & Design � Landscape Landscape- -scale or multi scale or multi- -scale approaches scale approaches � (Tscharntke Tscharntke et al., 2005; Miller, 2008) et al., 2005; Miller, 2008) ( � Multi Multi- -use design approach use design approach � (Johnson, 1995) (Johnson, 1995) � Green Infrastructure Green Infrastructure � (Benedict & McMahon, 2006) (Benedict & McMahon, 2006) Source: San Francisco State University, 2008
Case Study: City of Nanaimo Case Study: City of Nanaimo Case Study: City of Nanaimo Case Study: City of Nanaimo Source: www.vancouverisland.com
Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo Steps Steps Steps Steps 1. Identify biophysical and urban- - 1. Identify biophysical and urban Research & Set Goals context criteria. context criteria. 2. Identify existing greenspace greenspace and and 2. Identify existing Inventory urban agriculture. urban agriculture. 3. Identify potential sites for urban 3. Identify potential sites for urban Site Suitability Analysis agriculture based on the established agriculture based on the established criteria. criteria. 4. Explore the contribution of the urban agriculture 4. Explore the contribution of the urban agriculture sites to the overall greenspace greenspace network. network. sites to the overall
Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo General Criteria General Criteria � Parcels not to be contained by protected Parcels not to be contained by protected � greenspace. . greenspace � Parcels to be contained by suitable zoning. Parcels to be contained by suitable zoning. � � Parcels not to be contained by slopes greater Parcels not to be contained by slopes greater � than 30%. than 30%. � Parcels not to be smaller than 600 m Parcels not to be smaller than 600 m 2 2 , unless they , unless they � are vacant land in which case, they are not to be are vacant land in which case, they are not to be 2 . smaller than 300 m 2 . smaller than 300 m
Results Results – – General Criteria Results Results General Criteria TOTAL CITY PARCELS 27,508 TOTAL CITY PARCELS 27,508 Parcels not contained by protected 27,144 Parcels not contained by protected 27,144 greenspace. . greenspace Parcels within suitable zoning. 24,733 Parcels within suitable zoning. 24,733 Parcels not contained by slopes greater 24,721 Parcels not contained by slopes greater 24,721 than 30%. than 30%. 2 unless Parcels larger than 600 m 2 unless 20,656 Parcels larger than 600 m 20,656 vacant, then parcel greater than 300 vacant, then parcel greater than 300 2 . m 2 . m TOTAL UNSUITABLE PARCELS 6,852 (24.9%) TOTAL UNSUITABLE PARCELS 6,852 (24.9%)
LEGEND G e o r g i a S t r City Parcels a i t Contains Suitable Land >600 sqm Contains Suitable Land >1000 sqm Contains Suitable Land >4000 sqm Unsuitable Parcel Major Road Brannen Lake Highway Long Lake City Boundary Diver Lake kilometres 0 0.5 1 2 3 Newcastle Island Gabriola Island Westwood Lake Vancouver Island Primary Criteria Parcel Suitability Analysis for Urban Agriculture in the City of Nanaimo
Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo Accessibility Criteria Accessibility Criteria � Parcels within 400m (5 minute walk) of multi Parcels within 400m (5 minute walk) of multi- - � family residential. family residential. � Parcels within 400m (5 minute walk) of bus stops. Parcels within 400m (5 minute walk) of bus stops. � � Parcels within 5 m of sidewalks (accessibility, Parcels within 5 m of sidewalks (accessibility, � visibility, safety). visibility, safety).
LEGEND Townsite Urban Agriculture Suitability Unsuitable Parcels Backyard Sharing Suitability Community Garden Suitability General Suitability 600 to 1000 sqm General Suitability 1000 sqm or more E&N Rail Corridor Townsite Boundary kilometres 0 0.25 0.5 Parcel Suitability Analysis for Urban Agriculture in the Townsite Planning Area
LEGEND Townsite Urban Agriculture Suitability Unsuitable Parcels Backyard Sharing Suitability Community Garden Suitability General Suitability 600 to 1000 sqm General Suitability 1000 sqm or more E&N Rail Corridor Townsite Boundary N.T.S. A Newcastle Island B Aerial Perspective - Secondary Criteria Analysis for Urban Agriculture in the Townsite Area
Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo Application in Nanaimo Greenspace Connectivity Criteria Connectivity Criteria Greenspace � Parcels are adjacent to park. Parcels are adjacent to park. � � Parcels intersect protected Parcels intersect protected greenspace greenspace. . � � Parcels fill a park planning gap (outside a 5 Parcels fill a park planning gap (outside a 5 � minute walk of an existing park). minute walk of an existing park).
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