Large cities " n Car off-peak, car on-peak, public transport - - PDF document

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Large cities " n Car off-peak, car on-peak, public transport - - PDF document

25/10/13 1. Background EXAMINING DAILY COMMUTING PATTERNS USING GIS Flanders At the heart of Europe Polycentric structure (Brussels, Antwerp) Dewulf Bart 1,2,3 , Tijs Neutens 1,2 , Mario Vanlommel 1,4 , Steven Logghe 4 ,


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25/10/13 ¡ 1 ¡

EXAMINING DAILY COMMUTING PATTERNS USING GIS

Bart Dewulf

25/10/’13

Dewulf Bart1,2,3, Tijs Neutens1,2, Mario Vanlommel1,4, Steven Logghe4, Philippe De Maeyer1, Yves De Weerdt3, Nico Van de Weghe1

1Department of Geography, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281, S8, B-9000, Ghent, Belgium 2Research Foundation Flanders, Egmontstraat 5, B-1000, Brussels, Belgium 3VITO, Boeretang 200, B-2400, Mol, Belgium 4BeMobile, Technologiepark 12b, B-9052, Ghent, Belgium

  • 1. Background

¨ Flanders ¤ At the heart of Europe ¤ Polycentric structure (Brussels, Antwerp)

à Large traffic pressure

" " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " " Köln Bern Lyon Paris Berlin Bremen London Dublin Torino Milano Hamburg München Bordeaux København Antwerpen Bruxelles Amsterdam Rotterdam Luxembourg

±

" Large cities Flanders Countries

  • 1. Background

¨ 80% of passenger trips (car, bus, train, tram, metro) by car ¤ Congestion à time loss ¤ Air pollution ¤ High fuel costs ¨ Brussels and Antwerp ¤ Top 2 congested cities

in the world

(OECD, 2013)

  • 2. Objectives

¨ Examine daily commuting patterns in Flanders ¤ Where is congestion a major problem? ¤ Travel times with public transport ¤ Comparison of car and public transport à where is

public transport a decent alternative?

  • 3. Data and methods

¨ Flanders ¤ Data available per Traffic Analysis Zone (TAZ)

" " " " " " " " " " " " " GENK GENT AALST BRUGGE LEUVEN HASSELT OOSTENDE KORTRIJK TURNHOUT MECHELEN ROESELARE ANTWERPEN SINT-NIKLAAS

±

"

Large cities Traffic Analysis Zones (TAZs)

Brussels

  • 3. Data and methods

¨ Origin-destination matrices between all TAZs ¤ Number of simulated commuting trips (Multi Modal Model) ¤ Actual travel times with floating car data (BeMobile) n Car off-peak, car on-peak, public transport TAZ1 TAZ2

  • Number of trips
  • Travel time

TAZ3

  • Number of trips
  • Travel time
  • Number of trips
  • Travel time
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  • 3. Data and methods

¨ GIS ¤ Spatial analysis of car congestion and potential time

gain with public transport

¨ Circular statistics ¤ Circular mean ¤ Index of circular spread ¨ Two scale levels ¤ Flanders ¤ Large cities

  • 4. Results – Flanders

¨ Commuting directions

  • 4. Results – Flanders

¨ Average time per departing commuting trip

!"#$%&#!!"#$!!"#!!"#$ = !!. !!

! !!!

!!

! !!!

!

  • 4. Results – Flanders

¨ Relative time loss in congestion

Relative!time!loss!per!trip!"#$%&'("# =!!"#$!"!!"#$ − !"#$!""!!"#$ !"#$!""!!"#$ !

  • 4. Results – Flanders

¨ Relative time loss with public transport

Relative!time!loss!per!trip!"#$%&!!"#$%&'"! =!!"#$!"#$%&!!"#$%&'"! − !"#$!"!!"#$ !"#$!"!!"#$ !

  • 4. Results – Large cities

¨ More in detail for 13 large cities à radar charts

0" 500" 1000" 1500" 2000" 2500" 3000" 3500" 4000" 4500" 5000" 0(5" 5(10"10(15" 15(20" 20(25" 25(30" 30(35" 35(40" 40(45" 45(50" 50(55" 55(60" 60(65" 65(70" 70(75" 75(80" 80(85" 85(90" 90(95" 95(100" 100(105" 105(110" 110(115" 115(120" 120(125" 125(130" 130(135" 135(140" 140(145" 145(150" 150(155" 155(160" 160(165" 165(170" 170(175" 175(180" 180(185" 185(190" 190(195" 195(200" 200(205" 205(210" 210(215" 215(220" 220(225" 225(230" 230(235" 235(240" 240(245" 245(250" 250(255" 255(260" 260(265" 265(270" 270(275" 275(280" 280(285" 285(290" 290(295" 295(300" 300(305" 305(310" 310(315" 315(320" 320(325" 325(330" 330(335" 335(340" 340(345" 345(350" 350(355" 355(360" TotRi2en" WoWeRi2en" 0" 500" 1000" 1500" 2000" 2500"

0&5" 5&10" 10&15" 15&20" 20&25" 25&30" 30&35" 35&40" 40&45" 45&50" 50&55" 55&60" 60&65" 65&70" 70&75" 75&80" 80&85" 85&90" 90&95" 95&100" 100&105" 105&110" 110&115" 115&120" 120&125" 125&130" 130&135" 135&140" 140&145" 145&150" 150&155" 155&160" 160&165" 165&170" 170&175" 175&180" 180&185" 185&190" 190&195" 195&200" 200&205" 205&210" 210&215" 215&220" 220&225" 225&230" 230&235" 235&240" 240&245" 245&250" 250&255" 255&260" 260&265" 265&270" 270&275" 275&280" 280&285" 285&290" 290&295" 295&300" 300&305" 305&310" 310&315" 315&320" 320&325" 325&330" 330&335" 335&340" 340&345" 345&350" 350&355" 355&360" TotRi2en" WoWeRi2en"

Ghent as origin Ghent as destination Brussels A n t w e r p Number of trips

Total Commuting Total Commuting

Ghent Ghent

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  • 4. Results – Large cities

¨ Average time per trip

0" 500" 1000" 1500" 2000" 2500" 3000" 3500" 4000" 4500" 0(5" 5(10"10(15" 15(20" 20(25" 25(30" 30(35" 35(40" 40(45" 45(50" 50(55" 55(60" 60(65" 65(70" 70(75" 75(80" 80(85" 85(90" 90(95" 95(100" 100(105" 105(110" 110(115" 115(120" 120(125" 125(130" 130(135" 135(140" 140(145" 145(150" 150(155" 155(160" 160(165" 165(170" 170(175" 175(180" 180(185" 185(190" 190(195" 195(200" 200(205" 205(210" 210(215" 215(220" 220(225" 225(230" 230(235" 235(240" 240(245" 245(250" 250(255" 255(260" 260(265" 265(270" 270(275" 275(280" 280(285" 285(290" 290(295" 295(300" 300(305" 305(310" 310(315" 315(320" 320(325" 325(330" 330(335" 335(340" 340(345" 345(350" 350(355" 355(360" WoWeDalSec" WoWeSpitsSec"

Ghent as origin Brussels

Off-peak On-peak !"#$%&#!!"#$!!"#!!"#$ = !!. !!

! !!!

!!

! !!!

! with!!!=!destination!TAZs,!!!!=!travel!time!to!TAZ!!,! !!=!number!of!trips!from!origin!TAZ!to!TAZ!!.!

Antwerp Ghent

  • 4. Results – Large cities

¨ Time loss ¤ Relative time loss in congestion and with public transport

0" 0,05" 0,1" 0,15" 0,2" 0,25" 0,3" 0,35" 0,4" 0,45"

0)5" 5)10" 10)15" 15)20" 20)25" 25)30" 30)35" 35)40" 40)45" 45)50" 50)55" 55)60" 60)65" 65)70" 70)75" 75)80" 80)85" 85)90" 90)95" 95)100" 100)105" 105)110" 110)115" 115)120" 120)125" 125)130" 130)135" 135)140" 140)145" 145)150" 150)155" 155)160" 160)165" 165)170" 170)175" 175)180" 180)185" 185)190" 190)195" 195)200" 200)205" 205)210" 210)215" 215)220" 220)225" 225)230" 230)235" 235)240" 240)245" 245)250" 250)255" 255)260" 260)265" 265)270" 270)275" 275)280" 280)285" 285)290" 290)295" 295)300" 300)305" 305)310" 310)315" 315)320" 320)325" 325)330" 330)335" 335)340" 340)345" 345)350" 350)355" 355)360"

WoWeVerliesRelat" 0" 0,5" 1" 1,5" 2" 2,5" 3" 3,5" 4" 4,5"

0)5" 5)10" 10)15" 15)20" 20)25" 25)30" 30)35" 35)40" 40)45" 45)50" 50)55" 55)60" 60)65" 65)70" 70)75" 75)80" 80)85" 85)90" 90)95" 95)100" 100)105" 105)110" 110)115" 115)120" 120)125" 125)130" 130)135" 135)140" 140)145" 145)150" 150)155" 155)160" 160)165" 165)170" 170)175" 175)180" 180)185" 185)190" 190)195" 195)200" 200)205" 205)210" 210)215" 215)220" 220)225" 225)230" 230)235" 235)240" 240)245" 245)250" 250)255" 255)260" 260)265" 265)270" 270)275" 275)280" 280)285" 285)290" 290)295" 295)300" 300)305" 305)310" 310)315" 315)320" 320)325" 325)330" 330)335" 335)340" 340)345" 345)350" 350)355" 355)360"

WoWeVerliesOV"

Ghent as origin, congestion time loss Ghent as origin, public transport time loss Brussels Brussels Antwerp Antwerp

Relative!time!loss!per!trip!"#$%&'("# =!!"#$!"!!"#$ − !"#$!""!!"#$ !"#$!""!!"#$ ! Relative!time!loss!per!trip!"#$%&!!"#$%&'"! =!!"#$!"#$%&!!"#$%&'"! − !"#$!"!!"#$ !"#$!"!!"#$ !

Ghent Ghent

  • 5. Conclusion

¨ Combination of simulated commuting trips and

accurate travel times à detailed view

¨ Congestion ¤ Brussels and Antwerp ¤ Highways to these cities ¨ Public transport as alternative ¤ Mainly to Brussels and Antwerp!

  • 6. Strengths

¨ Policy makers: where action needs to be taken ¨ Traditionally: on what road segments congestion occurs ¤ Now: from which areas people experience most time loss

  • 6. Strengths

¨ Previous literature: focus on potential accessibility (e.g.

to jobs), without commuting flows and travel times

¤ Now: modeled commuting flows + accurate travel times ¨ Travel times: often freeflow data ¤ Floating car data: very accurate ¤ Off-peak, on-peak à congestion ¨ Combination with public transport data

THANK YOU