[PPT] - Objective of the Research Objective of the Research Systems Model PowerPoint Presentation

SLIDE 1

Systems Model of Systems Model of Participat Participatory Group Deliberation

ry Group Deliberation

The Second IPCOB Workshop The Second IPCOB Workshop March 15, 2008 March 15, 2008 Kyoichi Kijima Kyoichi Kijima Tokyo Institute of Technology Tokyo Institute of Technology

Objective of the Research Objective of the Research

To clarify concept of Participatory Group

To clarify concept of Participatory Group Deliberation Deliberation

To examine systemic properties of

To examine systemic properties of Participatory Group Deliberation Participatory Group Deliberation

To discuss evaluation criteria

To discuss evaluation criteria

f Participatory
f Participatory

Group Deliberation Group Deliberation

– In terms of system model of participatory group deliberation

Structure of Presentation Structure of Presentation

What is

What is Participatory Group Deliberation?

Participatory Group Deliberation?

System Model

System Model of Participatory Group

f Participatory Group

Deliberation Deliberation

Function and meta-function

Function and meta-function of Participatory

f Participatory

Group Deliberation Group Deliberation

Support

Support to these functions of to these functions of Participatory

Participatory Group Deliberation Group Deliberation

Evaluation

Evaluation of Participatory Group Deliberation

f Participatory Group Deliberation

Participatory Participatory Group Deliberation Group Deliberation

Collective Decision making Collective Decision making which

which collects collects diversified opinions by encouraging a variety diversified opinions by encouraging a variety

f stakeholders and experts/advisers
f stakeholders and experts/advisers to

to participate in the decision process, participate in the decision process,

– to derive recommendations or policies with high legitimacy, – to produce high level of satisfaction among the participants.

SLIDE 2

Participatory Participatory Group Deliberation Group Deliberation is is useful particularly when useful particularly when

The results by the Group Deliberation are

The results by the Group Deliberation are expected to give rather expected to give rather drastic influence drastic influence on quite

n quite

a many citizens, a many citizens,

– because it emphasizes involvement of a variety of stakeholders and experts

Example: Group Deliberation on construction of

Example: Group Deliberation on construction of a large-scale transportation system by a public a large-scale transportation system by a public sector sector

S Systems ystems Model of Model of Participatory Group Participatory Group Deliberation Deliberation Goal Seeking System Model Goal Seeking System Model

General Model of Goal-seeking System

Decision

Making Process Input (Uncontrollable variables) Output Decision variables

Meta Decision

Making

Feed forward Info. Feedback Info Support Design, monitor and evaluate Support Participatory Group Deliberation as Goal-seeking System

Group Deliberation

Process Problematic stuation Transformed problematic Decision variables (Reports, Proposals and/or Recommendations)

Meta Group

Deliberation

Feed forward Info. Feedback Info Support Design, monitor and evaluate Support

Participatory Group Deliberation Participatory Group Deliberation as Goal Seeking System as Goal Seeking System

SLIDE 3

Participatory Group Participatory Group Deliberation Deliberation

Participatory Group Deliberation Participatory Group Deliberation

Collective Deliberation Accommodation

Meta Group Deliberation

Outcomes (Reports, Proposals and so on)

Process

Participatory Participatory Group Deliberation Group Deliberation

(1) (1) Collective & Collaborative Collective & Collaborative Deliberation Deliberation Stage Stage

A key stage for producing

A key stage for producing output of high

utput of high

quality quality from the process from the process

Conducted along with accommodation in a

Conducted along with accommodation in a cyclic way cyclic way

Support for Collective & Support for Collective & Collaborative Derivation Stage Collaborative Derivation Stage

Decision support system

Decision support system

– Database of technical and financial information – Data analysis tools – Statistical tools

SLIDE 4

(2) (2) Accommodation Accommodation stage stage

Concerned with

Concerned with

– communication and mutual understanding among the participants, and – Sharing understanding/mission

Crucial to satisfaction of the participants

Crucial to satisfaction of the participants

Conducted with deliberation in a cyclic way

Conducted with deliberation in a cyclic way

Support for Support for Accommodation Stage Accommodation Stage

Facilitation is essential

Facilitation is essential – Soft Systems Methodology – Soft Systems Approach

Process Coordination

may be useful Typology of Participatory Group Typology of Participatory Group Deliberation Deliberation

Typology of Participatory Group Deliberation

Degree of Confrontation among the interests of the participants Orientation of the output Proposal Oriented Mutual understanding Oriented Not so serious Serious

1. Proposal Creation
2. Mutual understanding
3. Proposal under confrontation
4. Seeking for accommodation

Meta Participatory Group Meta Participatory Group Deliberation Deliberation

SLIDE 5

Meta Meta Participatory Group Deliberation Participatory Group Deliberation

Meta Group Deliberation Group Deliberation Outcomes (Reports, Proposals and so on)

Process

Meta Participatory Group Meta Participatory Group Deliberation Deliberation

Concerned with structure setting

Concerned with structure setting

How to balance

How to balance

– How diversified background of the participants are involved (Openness)

Potential stakeholders
Technical experts
Administrators etc

and – How adequate the selection of the participants is

Similarity with the parent population
Quality level of the participants (Deliberation ability)

Meta Participatory Group Meta Participatory Group Deliberation Deliberation

Trade-off between openness and deliberation ability Intensive and neutral Intensive and neutral expertise expertise Democratic Democratic Experts Experts Deliberative, Deliberative, Holistic view Holistic view Direct interest, Direct interest, Potential interest Potential interest Stakeholders Stakeholders Deliberation ability Deliberation ability Openn Openness ess

Support for Meta Participatory Support for Meta Participatory Group Deliberation Group Deliberation

– Database for choosing appropriate participants from the potential participants

As stakeholders
As advisers
As experts

– Demographic data of the population – Statistical tools

SLIDE 6

1 Involvement of Deliberative Stakeholders and Experts

2 Collective Deliberation 3 Accommodation Outcomes (Reports etc.)

Data, Analytical tools, Simulation results Identify potential stakeholdres and involve them Facilitation, Process coordination

Summary: Summary: Support for Support for Participatory Group Deliberation Participatory Group Deliberation

Evaluation of Evaluation of Participatory Group Participatory Group Deliberation Deliberation

(1) (1) Legitimacy of the outcomes Legitimacy of the outcomes

Legitimacy

Legitimacy of the tangible outcomes such

f the tangible outcomes such

as decisions, policy and/or as decisions, policy and/or recommendations recommendations – Legitimacy is one of the necessary factors which lead the stakeholders to getting ready for implementation of the outcomes

(2) (2) Satisfaction among the Satisfaction among the participants participants

Satisfaction

Satisfaction of the participants with the

f the participants with the
utcomes as well as with the process
utcomes as well as with the process

– Mutual understanding by sharing the knowledge is critical

SLIDE 7

(3) Traceability/Accountability of (3) Traceability/Accountability of the Process the Process

The process should be

The process should be not only not only

– Efficient (Do things right?) – Effective (Do the right things?)

but also

but also

– recorded sufficiently in detail and transparently so that it can be traced back later.

(

(Traceability/Accountability Traceability/Accountability) )

Outcome Legitimacy Process Accountability and Traceability

Evaluation Criteria

Participants’ Satisfaction

Summary Summary

What

What Participatory Group Deliberation is

Participatory Group Deliberation is

System Model

System Model of Participatory Group

f Participatory Group

Deliberation Deliberation

Function

Function of Participatory Group Deliberation

f Participatory Group Deliberation

and its support and its support

– Collective & Collaborative Deliberation Stage – Accommodation stage – Typology of Participatory Group Deliberation

Meta-function

Meta-function of Participatory Group

f Participatory Group

Deliberation and its support Deliberation and its support

Evaluation

Evaluation of Participatory Group Deliberation

f Participatory Group Deliberation

SLIDE 8

Contingent Framework for Contingent Framework for Supporting Participatory Supporting Participatory Group Deliberation Group Deliberation

Contingent Framework for Supporting Contingent Framework for Supporting Participatory Group Deliberation Participatory Group Deliberation

Basic Idea: Contingent Approach

Basic Idea: Contingent Approach

Characteristics/Attributes

f the issue

Appropriate Support System determine Contingent Framework for Contingent Framework for Supporting Participatory Supporting Participatory Group Deliberation: Example Group Deliberation: Example

Characteristics/Attributes of the issue System A Construction of public transportation Artificial insemination system B

Diversity of CATOW

Categorization of the Issues

high low Degree of Technicality low high

SLIDE 9

Contingent Framework Contingent Framework

Diversity of CATOWE

Diversity of CATOWE of the issue

f the issue
How diversified Customers are involved

– Those taking the benefit and cost by the policy

How diversified Actors are involved

– Those taking actions in the problem

How diversified Transformation concepts are identified

– The ways of looking at the changes of the situation caused by the implementation of the policy

Contingent Framework Contingent Framework

Diversity of CATOWE of the

Diversity of CATOWE of the issue issue

How diversified Owners are involved?

– Those who can change the frame of the problem itself

How diversified World View are identified?

– Reason or logic by which each stakeholder looks at the situation in such a particular way

What Environments are relevant?

– Constraints posed from the outside of the problem

Contingent Framework Contingent Framework

Degree of Technicality involved in the

Degree of Technicality involved in the issue issue

– High

artificial insemination
genetic modification
Nuclear power plant

– Low

Public transportation

Example: Example: Construction of a new by-pass in Construction of a new by-pass in Shimane Prefecture Shimane Prefecture

How diversified

How diversified

– Customers

Habitants around the roads
Users of the roads
Local politicians
Shopkeepers along the roads

– Actors

Administrators of the prefecture
Ministry of Transportation

SLIDE 10

How diversified

How diversified

– Transformation Concept

Example: Example: Construction of a new Construction of a new by-pass in Shimane by-pass in Shimane Prefecture Prefecture

By-pass Inconvenient life Convenient life By-pass Comfortable Drive Drive against traffic jam

Example: Example: Construction of a new by-pass in Shimane Construction of a new by-pass in Shimane Prefecture Prefecture

How diversified

How diversified

– World View

Transportation should improve an infrastructure of everyday life.
Introduction of Transportation should promote the public welfare equally.

– Environment

– Legal constraints – Financial Constraints – Persons available to join the group Group Deliberation

Quite diversified in many aspects

Quite diversified in many aspects Public Public trans transportation portation

Diversity of CATOW

Categorization of Issues

high low Degree of Technicality low high

* artificial insemination

Diversity of CATOW high low Degree of Technicality low high

Contingent Framework

Collective deliberation is important.

Scenario Workshop, FUTUR

SLIDE 11

Diversity of CATOW high low Degree of Technicality low high

Contingent Framework

Accommodati

n is critical.

(Soft Systems Approach)

Conclusions Conclusions

We clarified and proposed: We clarified and proposed:

Concepts of Participatory Group Deliberation

Concepts of Participatory Group Deliberation

Process Model of Participatory Group Deliberation

Process Model of Participatory Group Deliberation

– Involvement – Collective Deliberation – Accommodation

Support for Participatory Group Deliberation

Support for Participatory Group Deliberation

Evaluation of Participatory Group Deliberation

Evaluation of Participatory Group Deliberation

Contingent framework for

Contingent framework for Supporting Participatory Group Supporting Participatory Group Deliberation Deliberation

and

Crucial Problem concerning Crucial Problem concerning Participatory Policy Group Deliberation 1 Participatory Policy Group Deliberation 1

Need to solve

Need to solve Trade-off between Trade-off between

– “Openness” to the public

To ensure a variety of value systems of interested citizens and

experts

– “Deliberation Ability” of the participants

To produce desirable output by bringing

deliberateness/expertese to the Group Deliberation

The both are critical to quality of the outputs.

The both are critical to quality of the outputs.

SLIDE 12

Crucial Problem concerning Crucial Problem concerning Participatory Policy Group Deliberation 2 Participatory Policy Group Deliberation 2

Desirability Desirability of Participatory Group Deliberation

f Participatory Group Deliberation
“

“Desirability Desirability” ” is extremely difficult to define. is extremely difficult to define.

– It is because there are often serious disputes among the participants over what “social desirability” means about the outcomes as well as about the process.

Critical to quality of the process