Data visualization Interdisciplinary Product 1 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Data visualization: What’s the value in visualizing data? Why is data visualization such a thing these days? Mining data: Different approaches Interdisciplinary Product 2 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
The value in data visualization Data visualization is another form of story telling. Visualization makes complicated things understandable. Comparisons are easier when made visual. Visualization makes the “invisible” something you can see. Visualizing data helps people make better decisions. Data is a commodity that can be leveraged. Interdisciplinary Product 3 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
I want to say just one word to you. Just one word: Plastics. Interdisciplinary Product 4 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Data visualization as story-telling: Napoleon’s march on Moscow (The data) In June of 1812, Napoleon led an army consisting of 422,000 men in a campaign against Russia. His army began at the Polish/Russian border by crossing the Neiman river. In late July, 22,000 men pulled out of ranks and and waited just inside the Russian border. In August, 35,000 men detached and waited in Polotsk. As the majority of the troops marched on to Moscow, Russian troops retreated, destroying everything of value behind them. Fighting, fatigue, and illness diminished French numbers to 175,000 by the time they reached Witebsk. Upon approaching their objective, there was a loss of 27,000 men crossing the river Muskva. Napoleon’s troops finally reach Moscow in October with only 100,000 nearly-starving men remaining. He retreats in the face of a bitterly cold winter. By 9 November, the army was reduced to 37,000 men as the temperature dipped to -8 degrees, and was further reduced to 24,000 men by 14 November, with a temperature of -21 degrees. Around 20 November, 35,000 troops from Polotsk rejoined the retreating army, but met with disaster at the crossing of the Berezina river, where they lost half of the remaining army, in temperatures of -20 degrees. Napoleon struggled back to Poland with only 10,000 men remaining. Interdisciplinary Product 5 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Interdisciplinary Product 6 Caterpillar Innovation Center Charles Joseph Minard, 1869 Development
Interdisciplinary Product 7 Caterpillar Innovation Center Charles Joseph Minard, 1869 Development
Interdisciplinary Product 8 Caterpillar Innovation Center Charles Joseph Minard, 1869 Development
Interdisciplinary Product 9 Caterpillar Innovation Center Charles Joseph Minard, 1869 Development
Interdisciplinary Product 10 Caterpillar Innovation Center Charles Joseph Minard, 1869 Development
Interdisciplinary Product 11 Caterpillar Innovation Center Charles Joseph Minard, 1869 Development
Interdisciplinary Product 12 Caterpillar Innovation Center Charles Joseph Minard, 1869 Development
Making the invisible visible / using technology to provide answers Eadweard Muybridge, 1886 Étienne-Jules Marey, 1901 Marey’s chronophotographic gun Interdisciplinary Product 13 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Why is data visualization such a thing these days? Everyday, we create data through our actions: What we purchase, how we browse, how long our phone calls last, where we’re driving, what we tweet. . . and most of it is collected. This is part of Big Data. Interdisciplinary Product 14 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Interdisciplinary Product 15 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Interdisciplinary Product 16 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Human and machine activity today is not all that different that it was 10 years ago, but the ability to track it, connect it, and analyze it has. We live in an informationally-rich environment. Rick Robinson calls this the “thickened-present.” Interdisciplinary Product 17 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
The Internet of Things: Objects collecting and reporting actions, work-cycles, temperatures, vibrations, motions, locations, speed, repetition, quantities consumed, weights transferred, etc. Interdisciplinary Product 18 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
In this class one of the problems we have been tasked with is this: CAT has big data—but how do they realize the value of it for their customers?” CAT calls it the Data Lake. The promise of its value can only be realized if we can make sense of it, and make it useful. How to begin? Interdisciplinary Product 19 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Mining data: Where to start? Start with existing data, and see if it tells us interesting things. Perturb a situation, monitor it, and see what happens. Start with a hypothesis, and find data to answer your questions. Or some combination of these things. . . Interdisciplinary Product 20 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Starting with existing data Data-mining is one way to approach it as a commodity. But looking at “the data” and hoping to find insights is a monumental task. On the other hand, seeing data that has never been visualized before provides you with a slap in the face that’s quite powerful. Interdisciplinary Product 21 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
103 Histogram: Our use of fuel types through the ages 1635 1665 1695 1725 1755 1785 1815 1845 1860 1875 1890 1905 1920 1935 1949 1952 1955 1958 1961 1964 1967 1970 1973 1978 1979 1982 1985 1988 1991 1994 1997 2000 2003 2006 2007 Petroleum Natural gas Nuclear Coal Geothermal Wind Solar Hydroelectric Wood/biomass Lights out for whale oil Whaling on a large scale extended into the 1850s, then declined. The arc of its use as a fuel source is often used to illustrate M. King Hubbert’s bell-shaped production curve of a nonrecycleable mineral resource. Hubbert applied his theory in 1956 to correctly predict 1970 as the peak year for production of crude oil in the US mainland. Whale oil production, thousands of barrels 16,561 16,561 in 1845 1845 2,294 in 1876 518 in 1804 1804 Source: Whale oil production data from Alexander Starbuck, History of the American Whale Fishery, Waltham, Mass: 1878, p. 661; data for primary Interdisciplinary Product 22 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Interdisciplinary Product 23 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Monitor something, and see what happens Tracking and collecting data to support a hunch you have is a reasonable approach. ”I bet there is something interesting here, and if I had proof, it would be powerful.” Interdisciplinary Product 24 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Visualizing the development of language and it’s relationship to location Interdisciplinary Product 25 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Monitor something: Planning how to gather real numbers Bottle movement instrument: Bottle camera instrument: Instrumented Storage Unit: Motion-sensitive accelerometer attached A motion-activated, micro-camera attached to a A pressure-sensitive storage caddy that to a bottle to measure movement, direction of bottle to capture in-the-moment video and audio of records "in-and-out" of multiple products movement and duration of movement. spray cleaner use in addition to movement data. from storage. Interdisciplinary Product Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Evidence: Minute-by-minute use over 30 days Interdisciplinary Product 27 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Evidence-based insight Device ID: 348 Habitual Blue Spot AB Planned Other Living Room Kitchen Bathroom Storage Day 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 Interdisciplinary Product Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Story-telling: A comparison of use by room Bathroom 11 46 44 Kitchen 10 Bedroom 26 12 5 Living room Dining room 25 Interdisciplinary Product 29 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Additional value from the data: An “aha” moment Hori Ho rizontal s surf rface Ve Vertic ical l surface Interdisciplinary Product 30 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Connecting motion to something you can see and feel Interdisciplinary Product 31 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
Start with a hypothesis, and find data to answer your questions. It’s hard to collect original data in a “directed” way. It’s less hard (but hard) to analyze the right data to find insights into what you’re interested in. (We are asking you to do this). Interdisciplinary Product 32 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
One last example / collecting data to build on an idea One of the things retailers want to know is how and when to push the right messages to customers. We know that people have dynamic attention, and toggle between mental activities constantly. Knowing when someone is in the right physical space and the right mental space to connect with them would be a breakthrough. . . Interdisciplinary Product 33 Caterpillar Innovation Center Development
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