Dab aba a S. Ged edaf afa, P Ph.D., P P.E. E. UND D Civil - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dab aba a S. Ged edaf afa, P Ph.D., P P.E. E. UND D Civil il E Engineerin ring

 Unpaved roads are the largest source of particulate air pollution in the United States  Effects of dust from unpaved roads include:  Stunting plant growth due to the shading effect and clogging of the plant’s pores  Health problems such as hay fever and allergies  Reduction in visibility and causing driving hazards for drivers  Increasing particulate loading of lakes and streams after precipitation 2

 Due to the increased traffic volumes related to energy sector in western North Dakota, dust along many unpaved roads is causing many complaints  Farmers and ranchers complain that dust from unpaved roads due to heavy trucks has stunted crops, damaged pasture, and caused allergic reactions in livestock  There is a need to measure the amount of dust and its effect on crops & livestock 3

 Literature review of the effect of dust from unpaved roads on crops and livestock  Measure and compare dust from unpaved roads in five counties in North Dakota considering traffic, material type, and weather conditions  Determine the effect of dust from unpaved roads on crops and livestock using survey 4

 Effect of dust on crops:  Reduced photosynthesis  Stomatal interference  Increased incidence of plant pests and disease  Reduced spray effectiveness  Effect of dust from unpaved roads on livestock :  Dust pneumonia  Pinkeye  Change in grazing patterns  Excessive teeth wear 5

Counter Locations of Post with Jars County Intersection Location East West 163 rd Ave SE (Co. South of 11) and 15 th St SE South side of 15 th St SE (Co. 2) Cass Intersection (Co. 2), Grandin 17 th St NE (Co. 5) South of South side of 10 th St Grand Forks and 10 th St, Manvel Intersection 101 st Ave NW and North of 63 rd St NW, White North side of 63 rd St NW Mountrail Intersection Earth 155 th Ave NW and South of South side of North side of 36 th St NW, McKenzie 36 th St NW 36 th St NW Intersection Cartwright 119 th Ave NW (Co. North of 15) and 60 th St NW North side of 60 th St NW (Co. 8) Williams Intersection (Co. 8), Ray 6

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July-August August-September September-October County Beginning End Beginning End Beginning End Cass 7-9-2014 8-9-2014 8-9-2014 9-11-2014 9-11-2014 10-8-2014 31 days 33 days 27 days Grand 7-9-2014 8-6-2014 8-6-2014 9-8-2014 9-8-2014 10-8-2014 Forks 28 days 29 days 30 days Mountrail 7-2-2014 8-7-2014 8-7-2014 9-9-2014 9-9-2014 10-9-2014 36 days 33 days 30 days McKenzie 7-3-2014 8-8-2014 8-8-2014 9-10-2014 9-10-2014 10-9-2014 36 days 33 days 29 days Williams 7-2-2014 8-7-2014 8-7-2014 9-9-2014 9-9-2014 10-9-2014 36 days 33 days 30 days 15

County Material PI Treatment Type Treatment Specification (%) Frequency Cass 4-5 inches of 2-4 None NDDOT Class 13 Grand 3-4 inches of 2-4 None Forks NDDOT Class 13 Mountrail NDDOT 5 Calcium chloride Once a month (35%) McKenzie NDDOT 5 0 Magnesium Once during chloride (30%) project duration Water As needed Williams No response 16

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 Weather Data:  Cass -Hector International Airport in Fargo  Grand Forks-Grand Forks International Airport  Mountrail and Williams-Tioga Municipal Airport  McKenzie-Watford City Municipal Airport and Sloulin Field International Airport in Williston  Survey of the effect of dust from unpaved road on crop yield and livestock  Online  Over the phone 20

Response Rate Drop Rate Question Effect on Number Number Percent Number Percent 2 44 77.19 3 5.3 3 39 68.42 10 17.5 4 20 35.09 0.0 5 17 29.82 0.0 6 20 35.09 1 1.8 Crop Yield 7 15 26.32 0.0 8 18 31.58 0.0 9 19 33.33 2 3.5 10 16 28.07 0.0 11 16 28.07 4 7.0 12 35 61.40 13 22.8 13 13 22.81 3 5.3 14 9 15.79 6 10.5 15 5 8.77 0.0 Livestock 16 5 8.77 0.0 17 3 5.26 0.0 18 5 8.77 1 1.8 19 4 7.02 1 1.8 21

Month Date Number Percent 9 1 1.75 16 2 3.51 17 14 24.56 18 7 12.28 19 3 5.26 September 21 2 3.51 23 1 1.75 24 1 1.75 27 1 1.75 29 1 1.75 3 8 14.04 4 6 10.53 5 4 October 7.02 6 5 8.77 16 1 1.75 Total 57 100 22

 Dust from each jars was run through Sieve No. 20 and then filtered using filter paper  Dust retained by the filter was then oven dried  PH of the solution in each jar was determined  Water chemistry was analyzed at Environmental Lab at Fargo Water Treatment Plant 23

Total Number of Vehicles and Average Daily Traffic (ADT) August- July-August September-October Direc September County -tion Vehicles ADT Vehicles ADT Vehicles ADT North 1063 34 824 27 1571 51 Cass South 1219 39 2049 66 1181 38 Total 2282 37 2873 46 2752 44 North 3275 106 3339 108 3606 116 GF South 4929 159 4525 146 5509 178 Total 8204 132 7864 127 9115 147 North 4130 133 5823 188 6702 216 Mountrail South 4755 153 7378 238 5566 180 Total 8885 143 13201 213 12268 198 North 7226 233 15541 501 17329 559 McKenzie South 11462 370 25676 828 28559 921 Total 18688 301 41217 665 45888 740 North 10030 324 10964 354 14020 452 Williams South 9660 312 6951 224 10878 351 Total 19690 318 17915 289 24898 402 25

Total Number of Vehicles at Each site 30000 August September October 27000 24000 21000 Number of Vehicles 18000 15000 12000 9000 6000 3000 0 N S N S N S N S N S Cass Grand Forks Mountrail McKenzie Williams Driving Direction in Each County 26

July-August Mean, Minimum, and Maximum Vehicle Speed 90 Mean Min Max 80 70 60 Speed (mph) 50 40 30 20 10 0 N S N S N S N S N S Cass Grand Forks Mountrail McKenzie Williams Driving Direction in Each County 27

August-September Mean, Minimum, and Maximum Vehicle Speed 90 Mean Min Max 80 70 60 Speed (mph) 50 40 30 20 10 0 N S N S N S N S N S Cass Grand Forks Mountrail McKenzie Williams Driving Direction in Each County 28

September-October Mean, Minimum, and Maximum Vehicle Speed 90 Mean Min Max 80 70 60 Speed (mph) 50 40 30 20 10 0 N S N S N S N S N S Cass Grand Forks Mountrail McKenzie Williams Driving Direction in Each County 29

July-August Traffic Speed Frequency Distribution in Percent Speed Range Cass Grand Forks Mountrail McKenzie Williams (mph) N S N S N S N S N S 0-5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6-10 9.4 0.0 3.1 0.3 0.3 0.4 0.7 0.2 0.0 0.5 11-15 11.5 2.3 8.0 5.5 0.8 4.0 7.9 10.9 4.5 1.8 16-20 3.2 20.3 4.0 16.5 1.5 8.1 24.5 42.1 11.3 8.3 21-25 5.7 7.6 3.8 13.6 3.9 7.3 28.2 27.3 24.7 23.5 26-30 4.5 4.7 6.2 9.8 9.0 11.7 17.8 8.8 23.4 30.5 31-35 4.2 8.6 12.1 9.7 16.7 15.4 10.0 4.2 14.7 19.0 36-40 11.2 10.2 19.4 11.5 17.1 19.1 5.8 2.7 9.9 8.5 41-45 12.6 12.0 20.6 11.0 19.6 14.3 3.0 2.0 6.0 4.1 46-50 14.4 9.2 13.3 8.8 14.0 10.5 1.2 1.3 3.1 2.0 51-55 11.2 9.2 7.1 6.4 8.5 5.0 0.5 0.3 1.5 1.0 56-60 8.4 6.2 1.9 4.1 4.6 2.4 0.3 0.2 0.6 0.5 61-65 3.1 5.4 0.5 1.9 2.0 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.3 0.1 66-70 0.3 3.1 0.1 0.9 1.0 0.5 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 71-75 0.2 1.0 0.1 0.0 0.3 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76-80 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 81-85 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 86-90 0.0 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.1 0.1 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 30 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

August-September Traffic Speed Frequency Distribution in Percent Speed Range Cass Grand Forks Mountrail McKenzie Williams (mph) N S N S N S N S N S 0-5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 6-10 0.9 2.1 0.9 2.1 0.2 0.4 0.2 0.1 0.3 0.4 11-15 1.9 35.7 1.9 35.7 1.6 2.0 2.7 5.7 5.7 3.9 16-20 1.6 8.7 1.6 8.7 3.5 8.9 17.1 40.2 16.7 10.1 21-25 2.8 3.5 2.8 3.5 9.2 21.9 33.1 33.2 29.8 21.5 26-30 5.3 4.7 5.3 4.7 14.6 20.5 24.6 13.6 18.3 20.8 31-35 8.2 4.9 8.2 4.9 22.0 15.1 13.5 3.2 9.8 16.1 36-40 11.0 5.8 11.0 5.8 16.7 13.5 5.2 1.6 7.5 12.9 41-45 17.9 6.8 17.9 6.8 11.6 8.8 2.2 1.2 5.7 7.4 46-50 18.2 8.2 18.2 8.2 10.8 5.1 1.0 0.7 3.5 3.8 51-55 19.7 6.6 19.7 6.6 5.0 2.5 0.4 0.3 2.0 2.2 56-60 8.5 5.8 8.5 5.8 2.5 0.9 0.1 0.1 0.5 0.7 61-65 3.1 4.9 3.1 4.9 1.3 0.3 0.1 0.0 0.2 0.2 66-70 0.6 2.0 0.6 2.0 0.6 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.1 71-75 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 76-80 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.2 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 Total 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 31