CS 171: Visualization Design Principles Hanspeter Pfister - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CS 171: Visualization Design Principles Hanspeter Pfister - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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CS 171: Visualization Design Principles Hanspeter Pfister pfister@seas.harvard.edu Last Time Visualization To convey information through graphical representations of data Due This Week HW0, including course survey (due tonight)

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CS 171: Visualization

Design Principles

Hanspeter Pfister pfister@seas.harvard.edu

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Last Time

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Visualization

To convey information through graphical representations of data

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Due This Week

  • HW0, including course survey (due tonight)
  • Readings week 1: A. Cairo and T. Munzner
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Design Critique

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NYT, 2008 Print Edition

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Last.fm Listening History

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Harvard Business Review

June 2010, HBR by Jeff Clark

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Design

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Design

“Design must be functional and functionality must be translated into visual aesthetics, without any reliance

  • n gimmicks that have to be explained.”
  • F. A. Porsche
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Graphical Design

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Design Excellence

“Clutter and confusion are not attributes of information, they are failures of design.”

  • E. Tufte
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Edward Tufte

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Outline

  • Graphical Integrity
  • Visualization Design Principles
  • Graphic Design Principles
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Graphical Integrity

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Missing Scales

Tufte, VDQI

($11,410) ($4,200,000)

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Scale Distortions

Nielson

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Scale Distortions

Flowing Data

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Scale Distortions

Flowing Data

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Scale Distortions

  • A. Kriebel,

VizWiz

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Scale Distortions

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Scale Distortions

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Scale Distortions

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Scale Distortions

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Global Warming?

The Daily Mail, UK, Jan 2012

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Global Warming?

Mother Jones

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Global Warming!

Mother Jones

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The Lie Factor

Tufte, VDQI

Size of effect shown in graphic Size of effect in data

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The Lie Factor

Tufte, VDQI

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U.S. SmartPhone Marketshare

39.0% 19.5% 9.8% 7.4% 3.1% 21.2%

RIM Apple Palm Motorola Nokia Other

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21.2% 3.1% 7.4% 9.8% 19.5% 39.0%

RIM Apple Palm Motorola Nokia Other

U.S. SmartPhone Marketshare

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0% 10% 20% 30% 40% RIM Other Apple Palm Motorola Nokia 3.1 7.4 9.8 19.5 21.2 39.0

U.S. SmartPhone Marketshare

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Tufte’s Integrity Principles

  • Clear, detailed, and thorough labeling and

appropriate scales

  • Size of the graphic effect should be directly

proportional to the numerical quantities (“lie factor”)

  • Show data variation, not design variation
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Visualization Design Principles

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Maximize Data-Ink Ratio

175 350 525 700 Males Females

0-$24,999 $25,000+ 0-$24,999 $25,000+

Data ink Total ink used in graphic Data-Ink Ratio =

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Maximize Data-Ink Ratio

175 350 525 700 Males Females

0-$24,999 $25,000+ 0-$24,999 $25,000+

Data ink Total ink used in graphic Data-Ink Ratio =

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Avoid Chartjunk

  • ngoing, Tim Brey

Extraneous visual elements that distract from the message

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Avoid Chartjunk

  • ngoing, Tim Brey
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Avoid Chartjunk

  • ngoing, Tim Brey
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Avoid Chartjunk

  • ngoing, Tim Brey
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Avoid Chartjunk

  • ngoing, Tim Brey
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Avoid Chartjunk

  • ngoing, Tim Brey
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Increase Data Density

Ho et al., “Thermal Conductivity of the Elements: A Comprehensive Review”

  • J. Phys. Chem. 1974

Number data items Area of data in graphic Data density =

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  • A. Cairo,

The Functional Art

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  • M. Novotny and H. Hauser, “Outlier-Preserving Focus+Context

Visualization in Parallel Coordinates,” IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2006.

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Steve Chappel and Reebe Garofalo in Rock 'N' Roll is Here to Pay: The History and Politics of the Music Industry, 1977

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Tufte’s Design Principles

  • Maximize data-ink ratio
  • Avoid chart junk
  • Increase data density
  • Layer information
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Subjective Dimensions

  • Aesthetics: Attractive things are perceived as

more useful than unattractive ones

  • Style: Communicates brand, process, who the

designer is

  • Playfulness: Encourages experimentation and

exploration

  • Vividness: Can make a visualization more

memorable

Pat Hanrahan, Nov 2007

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Graphic Design Principles

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Robin Williams

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Contrast Repetition Alignment Proximity

Robin Williams

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Contrast Repetition Alignment Proximity

Robin Williams

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Principle of Contrast

If two items are not exactly the same, then make them different. Really different.

Don’t be a wimp.

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  • A. Cairo,

The Functional Art

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  • M. Meyer
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D3, M. Bostock

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  • R. Kosara, S. Miksch, and H. Hauser, “Focus+Context Taken Literally,”

IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, 2002.

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Contrast Repetition Alignment Proximity

Robin Williams

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Principle of Repetition

Repeat some aspects of the design throughout the entire piece

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Small Multiples

D3, M. Bostock

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  • A. Gelmann
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  • M. Meyer, B. Wong, M. Styczynski and H. Pfister. “Pathline: A Tool For

Comparative Functional Genomics”, Computer Graphics Forum, 2010

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Contrast Repetition Alignment Proximity

Robin Williams

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Principle of Alignment

Nothing should be placed on the page arbitrarily Every item should have a visual connection with something else

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D3, M. Bostock

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  • M. Meyer, B. Wong, M. Styczynski and H. Pfister. “Pathline: A Tool For

Comparative Functional Genomics”, Computer Graphics Forum, 2010

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  • C. Partl, A. Lex, M. Streit, D. Kalkofen, K. Kashofer, and D. Schmalstieg, “enRoute:

Dynamic Path Extraction from Biological Pathway Maps for In-Depth Experimental Data Analysis,” IEEE Symposium on Biological Data Visualization, 2012

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Contrast Repetition Alignment Proximity

Robin Williams

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Principle of Proximity

Group related items together . . . as physical closeness implies a relationship

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Protovis, M. Bostock

Proximity

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  • M. Meyer, T. Munzner, A. DePace, H. Pfister, “MulteeSum: A Tool for

Comparative Spatial and Temporal Gene Expression Data”, IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics, 2010

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  • M. Dörk, S. Carpendale, and C. Williamson, “Visualizing explicit and implicit

relations of complex information spaces,” Information Visualization, 2012

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Contrast Repetition Alignment Proximity

Robin Williams

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Further Reading

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Stephen Few

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Graph Design IQ Test

Stephen Few, Perceptual Edge

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Garr Reynolds

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Next Week

  • HW1(due Thursday)
  • Bring laptops on Tuesday (Intro to Python)
  • Readings: Carpendale and Cleveland / McGill