critical scaling in a trap ettore vicari university of
play

Critical scaling in a trap Ettore Vicari, University of Pisa and - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Critical scaling in a trap Ettore Vicari, University of Pisa and INFN GGI, April 26, 2012 Physical systems are generally inhomogeneneous, homogeneous systems are often an ideal limit of experimental conditions. General issue: How quantum and


  1. Critical scaling in a trap Ettore Vicari, University of Pisa and INFN GGI, April 26, 2012

  2. Physical systems are generally inhomogeneneous, homogeneous systems are often an ideal limit of experimental conditions. General issue: How quantum and thermal critical behaviors develop in the presence of external space-dependent fields critial modes Ex.: interacting particles trapped within � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � � a limited region of space by an external �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� potential, such as in experiments of �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� ����� ����� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� ����� ����� �������������������������������� �������������������������������� ����� ����� ����� ����� ����� ����� trap ����� ����� ����� ����� Bose-Einstein condensation in diluted atomic vapors and of cold atoms in optical lattices → interplay between quantum and statistical behaviors Trap effects at thermal and quantum transitions are discussed in the framework of the trap-size scaling (M.Campostrini, EV, PRL 102,240601,2009; PRA 81,023606,2010)

  3. Finite- T transition related to the Bose- 8 10 7 Einstein condensation in interacting 6 Correlation length ξ (µm) 1 gases , experiments show an increasing correla- 5 4 0.1 tion length compatible with a continuous tran- 10 -3 10 -2 3 sition (Donner, etal, Science 2007). Moreover, 2 1 experimental evidences of the Kosterlitz-Thouless 0 0 0.01 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.05 0.06 0.07 transition in 2D (e.g., Hung etal, Nature 2010) Reduced temperature (T-T c )/T c Quantum Mott insulator to superfluid transitions and different Mott phases (where the density is independent of µ ) have been ob- served in many experiments with ultracold atomic gases loaded in optical lattices (e.g., F¨ olling etal 2006, Inguscio etal 2009) A common feature is a confining potential , which can be varied to achieve different spatial geometries, allowing also to effectively reduce the spatial dims

  4. A classical example: r | /l ) p , The lattice gas model in a confining field V ( r ) = ( | � � � � H Lgas = − 4 J ρ i ρ j − µ ρ i + 2 V ( r i ) ρ i , i i � ij � where ρ i = 0 , 1 whether the site is empty or occupied. Far from the origin � ρ x � → 0 (as � ρ x � ∼ e − 2 V ( x ) ) , thus particles are trapped. It can be exactly mapped to a standard Ising model: X X X H = − J s i s j + h s i − V ( r i ) s i , s i = 1 − 2 ρ i , h = 2 qJ + µ/ 2 i i � ij � In the absence of the trap, liquid-gas transition and Ising critical behavior with a diverging length scale, at T = T c and µ = µ c = − 4 qJ ( h = h c = 0) . No diverging length scale in the presence of the confining potential How is the critical behavior distorted by the trap, and recovered in the limit l → ∞ ?

  5. A quantum example: Atomic gases loaded in optical lattices are generally described by the Bose-Hubbard (BH) model with a confining potential H BH = − J ( b † i b j + b † � � j b i ) + [( µ + V ( r i )) n i + Un i ( n i − 1)] , 2 i � ij � i b i , V ( r ) = v p r p , and the trap length scale l ≡ J 1 /p /v where n i = b † The trapping potential strongly affects the critical behavior at the Mott transitions and within the superfluid phases: correlation functions are not expected to develop a diverging length scale. A theoretical description of the critical correlations in trapped systems is important for experimental investigations.

Download Presentation
Download Policy: The content available on the website is offered to you 'AS IS' for your personal information and use only. It cannot be commercialized, licensed, or distributed on other websites without prior consent from the author. To download a presentation, simply click this link. If you encounter any difficulties during the download process, it's possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

Recommend


More recommend