Communication Technologies for Smart Objects Speaker Dominik - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Communication Technologies for Smart Objects Speaker Dominik - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Ubiquitous Computing Seminar FS2014 29.04.2014 Communication Technologies for Smart Objects Speaker Dominik Kovacs Supervisor Matthias Kovatsch An Internet of Things In the next century, planet earth will don an electronic skin. It will

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Communication Technologies for Smart Objects

Speaker Supervisor

Dominik Kovacs Matthias Kovatsch

Ubiquitous Computing Seminar FS2014 29.04.2014

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An Internet of Things ”In the next century, planet earth will don an electronic

  • skin. It will use the Internet as

a scaffold to support and transmit its sensations.” – Neil Gross 1999

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Check on the Baby

http://mimobaby.com/ 4

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Monitor an Aging Family Member

http://beclose.com 5

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Track your Activity Levels

http://medgadgets.co 6

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Smart Heating

http://www.nest.com/ 7

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Wireless Plant Monitoring

http://www.fliwer.com 8

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Smart Trash Can

http://www.entertainmentearth.com 9

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Smart Trash Can

http://bigbellysolar.com/ 10

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Smart Street Lighting

http://www.designboom.com 11

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Structure Monitoring

http://smart-structures-inc.us 12

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Floating Sensor Network

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IoT components

  • Smart objects

– sensors, actuators – Little bit of processing

  • Communication network

– Directional or bidirectional

  • Aggregator

– Collects data – Processes data – Publishes data

Aggregator

Smart object (actuator only) Smart object (sensor only) Smart object (sensor & actuator) 14

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Motivation There are a huge variety of devices and use cases, but no technology fits them all…

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Outline

  • Types of Communication

– M2M & H2H

  • Introduction into Wireless Technology
  • Application Domains

– Body Area Network – Smart Home – Smart Factory – Smart Grid & Logistics

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M2M Definition

  • Relationship between two machines
  • No human interaction involved
  • Triggered by events (e.g. sensor events)

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Internet of Things (IoT)

  • Vision of the Internet of

tomorrow

  • Requires M2M connectivity

Machine-to-Machine (M2M)

  • Communication between

machines

Iot vs M2M

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Internet of Things M2M M2M as the connectivity of IoT

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M2M or not?

Some intuition

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M2M or not?

Some intuition

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M2M or not?

Some intuition

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M2M or not?

Some intuition

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M2M or not?

Some intuition

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M2M or not?

Some intuition

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Trivia: Identify Friend or Foe (IFF)

25 US Army Air Defense Digest, 1972

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Focus on Wireless M2M

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OSI Model

Wireless device implements

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Wireless Network Difficulties

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Radio Wave Spectrum

A Limited Resource

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  • In the US, the Federal Communications

Commission (FCC) allocates bandwidth

– Hearings (before 1982) – Lotteries (1980s) – Auctions (since the 1990s)

Trivia: Bandwidth Allocation

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International Telecommunication Union (ITU) Region

Region 1 Region 2 Region 3

wikimedia.org 31

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Industrial, scientific and medical (ISM) radio bands

Frequency range Availability

⁞

13.553 MHz 13.567 MHz Worldwide 26.957 MHz 27.283 MHz Worldwide 40.660 MHz 40.700 MHz Worldwide 433.050 MHz 434.790 MHz Region 1 only 902.000 MHz 928.000 MHz Region 2 only 2.400 GHz 2.500 GHz Worldwide 5.725 GHz 5.875 GHz Worldwide

⁞

http://www.itu.int 32

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Wireless Technologies (19)

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Datarate-Range Comparison

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Body Area Network (BAN)

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Wearables and Implants

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Smart Pacemaker

Smart Glasses Smart Watches Pedometers Smart Skin Sensor in clothes

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BAN Characteristics

  • Low CPU power

– Collecting rather than processing

  • Battery operated

– Mobile

  • Small size → Small battery → Low power
  • No line of sight (body, clothes)
  • Can be health critical

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  • Power efficient
  • Robust against interference

– Off-body – On-body

  • Interoperable

BAN Communication Requirements

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Off-body interference

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BAN Wireless Technologies

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  • Power efficient
  • Robust against interference

– Off-body – On-body

  • Interoperable

BAN Communication Requirements

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BAN Wireless Technologies (7)

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Bluetooth/BLE

IEEE 802.15.4

Ultra Wideband (UWB)

Sensium Zarlink RuBee ANT

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BAN Wireless Technologies (7)

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Bluetooth/BLE

IEEE 802.15.4

Ultra Wideband (UWB)

Sensium Zarlink RuBee ANT

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Smart Home

more than just «Home Automation»

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  • Smart Heating
  • Smart Lighting
  • Smart Outlets
  • Smart Kitchen
  • Smart Gardening
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  • Stationary

– But mostly battery operated though

  • Low cost

– Huge Quantity

  • (Scalability)
  • No line of sight (walls)
  • Variety of different applications

Smart Home Characteristics

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Smart Home Communication Requirements

  • Sufficient range
  • Variable Bandwidth
  • Interoperable

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Smart Home Wireless Technologies

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Smart Home Communication Requirements

  • Sufficient range
  • Variable Bandwidth
  • Interoperable

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Smart Home Communication Requirements

  • Sufficient range
  • Variable Bandwidth
  • Interoperable

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Range too small

Range too small

Proprietary

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Smart Home Wireless Technologies (6)

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Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11n

IEEE 802.15.4 Insteon RuBee RFID DECT ULE

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Smart Home Wireless Technologies (6)

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Wi-Fi IEEE 802.11n

IEEE 802.15.4 Insteon RuBee RFID DECT ULE

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Smart Factory (Industry 4.0)

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  • Bigger buildings

– Wider coverage

  • Thicker and/or more walls (metals)
  • No line of sight
  • More money to spend

Smart Factory Characteristics

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Smart Factory Communication Requirements

  • Long range or mesh topology support
  • Convergence of different subnetworks

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Smart Factory Wireless Technologies

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Smart Factory Wireless Technologies

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Big range

  • IEEE 802.11n: 100m
  • Wireless M-Bus: 1000m
  • DECT ULE: 300m
  • DASH7: 2000m
  • RFID: 100m

Mesh topology

  • Z-wave: 300m
  • IEEE802.15.4: 250m

Big range vs Mesh topology

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Big range

  • IEEE 802.11n: 100m
  • Wireless M-Bus: 1000m
  • DECT ULE: 300m
  • DASH7: 2000m
  • RFID: 100m

Mesh topology

  • Z-wave: 300m
  • IEEE802.15.4: 250m

Big range vs Mesh topology

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«Vendor-locking»

Access control, Identification Operates at 433.92 MHz Operates at 868 MHz Operates at 2.4 GHz Operates at 1.9 GHz

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Smart Grid

http://www.hitachi.com 59

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Logistics

  • Some specific applications

– Quality of Shipment Conditions – Item Location – Storage Incompatibility Detection – Fleet Tracking

60 http://www.tetra-logistics.com

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Smart Grid

  • Centralized two-way

communication (tree)

  • Wide coverage
  • Hourly peaks

Logistics

  • Mobile → battery powered
  • «Off-the-grid»

environments

  • Huge Variety

Smart Grid & Logistics Characteristics

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Smart Grid

  • Long range
  • Short transfer latency

(within a few ms)

  • Scalable
  • Interoperable

Logistics

  • Long range
  • Scalable
  • Interoperable

Smart Grid & Logistics Communication Requirements

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Smart Grid & Logistics Wireless Technologies

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Smart Grid & Logistics Wireless Technologies

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Smart Grid & Logistics Wireless Technologies

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SMS

Low reception Environments

Data packets

Indoor Environments Neighborhood Aggregator Indoor Environments Neighborhood Aggregator

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Weightless

66 http://www.weightless.org

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White Space Spectrum

67 http://thinkd2c.wordpress.com/

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Conclusion

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